51
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Using chemical inhibitors to probe AAA protein conformational dynamics and cellular functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:45-54. [PMID: 30913482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The AAA proteins are a family of enzymes that play key roles in diverse dynamic cellular processes, ranging from proteostasis to directional intracellular transport. Dysregulation of AAA proteins has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, suggesting a possible therapeutic role for inhibitors of these enzymes. In the past decade, new chemical probes have been developed for AAA proteins including p97, dynein, midasin, and ClpC1. In this review, we discuss how these compounds have been used to study the cellular functions and conformational dynamics of AAA proteins. We discuss future directions for inhibitor development and early efforts to utilize AAA protein inhibitors in the clinical setting.
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52
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Moreno-Cinos C, Sassetti E, Salado IG, Witt G, Benramdane S, Reinhardt L, Cruz CD, Joossens J, Van der Veken P, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Tammela P, Winterhalter M, Gribbon P, Windshügel B, Augustyns K. α-Amino Diphenyl Phosphonates as Novel Inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP Protease. J Med Chem 2019; 62:774-797. [PMID: 30571121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased Gram-negative bacteria resistance to antibiotics is becoming a global problem, and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are required. The caseinolytic protease subunit P (ClpP) is a serine protease conserved among bacteria that is considered as an interesting drug target. ClpP function is involved in protein turnover and homeostasis, stress response, and virulence among other processes. The focus of this study was to identify new inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP and to understand their mode of action. A focused library of serine protease inhibitors based on diaryl phosphonate warheads was tested for ClpP inhibition, and a chemical exploration around the hit compounds was conducted. Altogether, 14 new potent inhibitors of E. coli ClpP were identified. Compounds 85 and 92 emerged as most interesting compounds from this study due to their potency and, respectively, to its moderate but consistent antibacterial properties as well as the favorable cytotoxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Moreno-Cinos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Elisa Sassetti
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, ScreeningPort , Schnackenburgallee 114 , 22525 Hamburg , Germany.,Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH , Campus Ring 1 , 28759 Bremen , Germany
| | - Irene G Salado
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Gesa Witt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, ScreeningPort , Schnackenburgallee 114 , 22525 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Siham Benramdane
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Laura Reinhardt
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 28 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Cristina D Cruz
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 28 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5E , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH , Campus Ring 1 , 28759 Bremen , Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, ScreeningPort , Schnackenburgallee 114 , 22525 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Björn Windshügel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, ScreeningPort , Schnackenburgallee 114 , 22525 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
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53
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Fux A, Korotkov VS, Schneider M, Antes I, Sieber SA. Chemical Cross-Linking Enables Drafting ClpXP Proximity Maps and Taking Snapshots of In Situ Interaction Networks. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:48-59.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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54
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Sharma A, Schmidt M, Kiesel B, Mahato NK, Cralle L, Singh Y, Richnow HH, Gilbert JA, Arnold W, Lal R. Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses of Himalayan Hot Springs at Manikaran Modulate Host Genomes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3095. [PMID: 30619174 PMCID: PMC6302217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot spring-associated viruses, particularly the archaeal viruses, remain under-examined compared to bacteriophages. Previous metagenomic studies of the Manikaran hot springs in India suggested an abundance of viral DNA, which prompted us to examine the virus–host (bacterial and archaeal) interactions in sediment and microbial mat samples collected from the thermal discharges. Here, we characterize the viruses (both bacterial and archaeal) from this Himalayan hot spring using both metagenomics assembly and electron microscopy. We utilized four shotgun samples from sediment (78–98°C) and two from microbial mats (50°C) to reconstruct 65 bacteriophage genomes (24–200 kb). We also identified 59 archaeal viruses that were notably abundant across the sediment samples. Whole-genome analyses of the reconstructed bacteriophage genomes revealed greater genomic conservation in sediments (65%) compared to microbial mats (49%). However, a minimal phage genome was still maintained across both sediment and microbial mats suggesting a common origin. To complement the metagenomic data, scanning-electron and helium-ion microscopy were used to reveal diverse morphotypes of Caudovirales and archaeal viruses. The genome level annotations provide further evidence for gene-level exchange between virus and host in these hot springs, and augments our knowledgebase for bacteriophages, archaeal viruses and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat cassettes, which provide a critical resource for studying viromes in extreme natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kiesel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nitish K Mahato
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Lauren Cralle
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wyatt Arnold
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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55
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Reversible inhibition of the ClpP protease via an N-terminal conformational switch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6447-E6456. [PMID: 29941580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is critically important for cell viability. Key to this process is the refolding of misfolded or aggregated proteins by molecular chaperones or, alternatively, their degradation by proteases. In most prokaryotes and in chloroplasts and mitochondria, protein degradation is performed by the caseinolytic protease ClpP, a tetradecamer barrel-like proteolytic complex. Dysregulating ClpP function has shown promise in fighting antibiotic resistance and as a potential therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Here we use methyl-transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY)-based NMR, cryo-EM, biochemical assays, and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the structural dynamics of ClpP from Staphylococcus aureus (SaClpP) in wild-type and mutant forms in an effort to discover conformational hotspots that regulate its function. Wild-type SaClpP was found exclusively in the active extended form, with the N-terminal domains of its component protomers in predominantly β-hairpin conformations that are less well-defined than other regions of the protein. A hydrophobic site was identified that, upon mutation, leads to unfolding of the N-terminal domains, loss of SaClpP activity, and formation of a previously unobserved split-ring conformation with a pair of 20-Å-wide pores in the side of the complex. The extended form of the structure and partial activity can be restored via binding of ADEP small-molecule activators. The observed structural plasticity of the N-terminal gates is shown to be a conserved feature through studies of Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis ClpP, suggesting a potential avenue for the development of molecules to allosterically modulate the function of ClpP.
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56
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Kim W, Hendricks GL, Tori K, Fuchs BB, Mylonakis E. Strategies against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus persisters. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:779-794. [PMID: 29569952 PMCID: PMC6077763 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Staphylococcus aureus infections are complicated by frequent relapses not only from the development of drug resistance to conventional antibiotics, but also through the formation of persister bacterial cells. Bacterial persisters are in a transient, metabolically inactive state, making conventional antibiotics that target essential cellular growth processes ineffective, resulting in high clinical failure rates of antibiotic chemotherapy. The development of new antibiotics against persistent S. aureus is an urgent issue. Over the last decade, new strategies to identify S. aureus persister-active compounds have been proposed. This review summarizes the proposed targets, antipersister compounds and innovative methods that may augment conventional antibiotics against S. aureus persisters. The reviewed antipersister strategies can be summarized as two broad categories; directly targeting growth-independent targets and potentiating existing, ineffective antibiotics by aiding uptake or accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseong Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Gabriel L Hendricks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Katerina Tori
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Beth B Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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57
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Role of Cationic Side Chains in the Antimicrobial Activity of C18G. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020329. [PMID: 29401708 PMCID: PMC6017431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been an area of great interest, due to the high selectivity of these molecules toward bacterial targets over host cells and the limited development of bacterial resistance to these molecules throughout evolution. The peptide C18G has been shown to be a selective, broad spectrum AMP with a net +8 cationic charge from seven lysine residues in the sequence. In this work, the cationic Lys residues were replaced with other natural or non-proteinogenic cationic amino acids: arginine, histidine, ornithine, or diaminopropionic acid. These changes vary in the structure of the amino acid side chain, the identity of the cationic moiety, and the pKa of the cationic group. Using a combination of spectroscopic and microbiological methods, the influence of these cationic groups on membrane binding, secondary structure, and antibacterial activity was investigated. The replacement of Lys with most other cationic residues had, at most, 2-fold effects on minimal inhibitory concentration against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, the peptide containing His as the cationic group showed dramatically reduced activity. All peptide variants retained the ability to bind lipid vesicles and showed clear preference for binding vesicles that contained anionic lipids. Similarly, all peptides adopted a helical conformation when bound to lipids or membrane mimetics, although the peptide containing diaminopropionic acid exhibited a decreased helicity. The peptides exhibited a wider variety of activity in the permeabilization of bacterial membranes, with peptides containing Lys, Arg, or Orn being the most broadly active. In all, the antibacterial activity of the C18G peptide is generally tolerant to changes in the structure and identity of the cationic amino acids, yielding new possibilities for design and development of AMPs that may be less susceptible to immune and bacterial recognition or in vivo degradation.
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58
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Li ZJ, Yang HY, Li J, Liu X, Ye L, Kong WS, Tang SY, Du G, Liu ZH, Zhou M, Yang GY, Hu QF, Li XM. Isopentylated diphenyl ether derivatives from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:359-362. [PMID: 29348531 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-017-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three new isopentylated diphenyl ethers, (1-3), together with two known isopentylated diphenyl ethers derivatives (4 and 5) were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results showed that compounds 1-3 showed strong activity with diameter of inhibition zone (IZD) of 21.8 ± 2.4 mm, 16.8 ± 2.2 mm, and 15.6 ± 2.0 mm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Hai-Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Wei-Song Kong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Gang Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry of Yunnan Province, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.Ltd, Kunming, 650231, China.
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59
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Braesel J, Eustáquio AS. Heterologous expression of a putative ClpC chaperone gene leads to induction of a host metabolite. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2018; 30:499-508. [PMID: 33859447 DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20180234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome mining provides exciting opportunities for the discovery of natural products. However, in contrast to traditional bioassay-guided approaches, challenges of genome mining include poor or no expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Additionally, given that thousands of BGCs are now available through extensive genome sequencing, how does one select BGCs for discovery? Synthetic biology techniques can be used for BGC refactoring and activation, whereas resistance-gene-directed genome mining is a promising approach to discover bioactive natural products. Here we report the selection of a BGC by applying a resistance-gene-directed approach, cloning of the silent BGC from Micromonospora sp. B006, promoter exchange, and heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. While we have yet to identify the encoded compound, we unexpectedly observed induction of a host metabolite, which we hypothesize is due to the presence of a ClpC chaperone gene in the BGC, suggesting that ClpC chaperones may be used for BGC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Braesel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alessandra S Eustáquio
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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60
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Carroni M, Franke KB, Maurer M, Jäger J, Hantke I, Gloge F, Linder D, Gremer S, Turgay K, Bukau B, Mogk A. Regulatory coiled-coil domains promote head-to-head assemblies of AAA+ chaperones essential for tunable activity control. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29165246 PMCID: PMC5699869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-forming AAA+ chaperones exert ATP-fueled substrate unfolding by threading through a central pore. This activity is potentially harmful requiring mechanisms for tight repression and substrate-specific activation. The AAA+ chaperone ClpC with the peptidase ClpP forms a bacterial protease essential to virulence and stress resistance. The adaptor MecA activates ClpC by targeting substrates and stimulating ClpC ATPase activity. We show how ClpC is repressed in its ground state by determining ClpC cryo-EM structures with and without MecA. ClpC forms large two-helical assemblies that associate via head-to-head contacts between coiled-coil middle domains (MDs). MecA converts this resting state to an active planar ring structure by binding to MD interaction sites. Loss of ClpC repression in MD mutants causes constitutive activation and severe cellular toxicity. These findings unravel an unexpected regulatory concept executed by coiled-coil MDs to tightly control AAA+ chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carroni
- Swedish Cryo-EM Facility, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kamila B Franke
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Maurer
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Jäger
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hantke
- Institute for Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Linder
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gremer
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kürşad Turgay
- Institute for Microbiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mogk
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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61
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Elsholz AKW, Birk MS, Charpentier E, Turgay K. Functional Diversity of AAA+ Protease Complexes in Bacillus subtilis. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:44. [PMID: 28748186 PMCID: PMC5506225 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the diverse roles and functions of AAA+ protease complexes in protein homeostasis, control of stress response and cellular development pathways by regulatory and general proteolysis in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. We discuss in detail the intricate involvement of AAA+ protein complexes in controlling sporulation, the heat shock response and the role of adaptor proteins in these processes. The investigation of these protein complexes and their adaptor proteins has revealed their relevance for Gram-positive pathogens and their potential as targets for new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K W Elsholz
- Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Marlene S Birk
- Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Charpentier
- Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlin, Germany.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Sweden, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden.,Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany
| | - Kürşad Turgay
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz UniversitätHannover, Germany
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