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Uddin N, Binzel DW, Shu D, Fu TM, Guo P. Targeted delivery of RNAi to cancer cells using RNA-ligand displaying exosome. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1383-1399. [PMID: 37139430 PMCID: PMC10149909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome is an excellent vesicle for in vivo delivery of therapeutics, including RNAi and chemical drugs. The extremely high efficiency in cancer regression can partly be attributed to its fusion mechanism in delivering therapeutics to cytosol without endosome trapping. However, being composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane without specific recognition capacity for aimed-cells, the entry into nonspecific cells can lead to potential side-effects and toxicity. Applying engineering approaches for targeting-capacity to deliver therapeutics to specific cells is desirable. Techniques with chemical modification in vitro and genetic engineering in cells have been reported to decorate exosomes with targeting ligands. RNA nanoparticles have been used to harbor tumor-specific ligands displayed on exosome surface. The negative charge reduces nonspecific binding to vital cells with negatively charged lipid-membrane due to the electrostatic repulsion, thus lowering the side-effect and toxicity. In this review, we focus on the uniqueness of RNA nanoparticles for exosome surface display of chemical ligands, small peptides or RNA aptamers, for specific cancer targeting to deliver anticancer therapeutics, highlighting recent advances in targeted delivery of siRNA and miRNA that overcomes the previous RNAi delivery roadblocks. Proper understanding of exosome engineering with RNA nanotechnology promises efficient therapies for a wide range of cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel W. Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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52
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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53
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Huo KL, Yang TY, Zhang WW, Shao J. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-derived exosomes for osteoporosis treatment. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:83-89. [PMID: 37007454 PMCID: PMC10052342 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i3.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease, which leads to decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Currently, there are many anti-resorption drugs and osteosynthesis drugs, which are effective in the treatment of osteoporosis, but their usage is limited due to their contraindications and side effects. In regenerative medicine, the unique repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been favored by researchers. The exosomes secreted by MSCs have signal transduction and molecular delivery mechanisms, which may have therapeutic effects. In this review, we describe the regulatory effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone immunity. We aim to summarize the preclinical studies of exosome therapy in osteoporosis. Furthermore, we speculate that exosome therapy can be a future direction to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Huo
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tie-Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, School of Medical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200135, China
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54
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He L, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Zhao N, Liao L. PF127 Hydrogel-Based Delivery of Exosomal CTNNB1 from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Osteogenic Differentiation during the Repair of Alveolar Bone Defects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1083. [PMID: 36985977 PMCID: PMC10058633 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel has been highlighted as a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration, but the specific molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Herein, we addressed this issue in a temperature-responsive PF127 hydrogel loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes (Exos) (PF127 hydrogel@BMSC-Exos) during alveolar bone regeneration. Genes enriched in BMSC-Exos and upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and their downstream regulators were predicted by bioinformatics analyses. CTNNB1 was predicted to be the key gene of BMSC-Exos in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, during which miR-146a-5p, IRAK1, and TRAF6 might be the downstream factors. Osteogenic differentiation was induced in BMSCs, in which ectopic expression of CTNNB1 was introduced and from which Exos were isolated. The CTNNB1-enriched PF127 hydrogel@BMSC-Exos were constructed and implanted into in vivo rat models of alveolar bone defects. In vitro experiment data showed that PF127 hydrogel@BMSC-Exos efficiently delivered CTNNB1 to BMSCs, which subsequently promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as evidenced by enhanced ALP staining intensity and activity, extracellular matrix mineralization (p < 0.05), and upregulated RUNX2 and OCN expression (p < 0.05). Functional experiments were conducted to examine the relationships among CTNNB1, microRNA (miR)-146a-5p, and IRAK1 and TRAF6. Mechanistically, CTNNB1 activated miR-146a-5p transcription to downregulate IRAK1 and TRAF6 (p < 0.05), which induced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and facilitated alveolar bone regeneration in rats (increased new bone formation and elevated BV/TV ratio and BMD, all with p < 0.05). Collectively, CTNNB1-containing PF127 hydrogel@BMSC-Exos promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating the miR-146a-5p/IRAK1/TRAF6 axis, thus inducing the repair of alveolar bone defects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong He
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Ningbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Lifan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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Song X, Xu L, Zhang W. Biomimetic synthesis and optimization of extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:18-41. [PMID: 36706840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Critical-size bone defect repair is in high demand but is difficult to treat. Modern therapies, such as autograft and cell-based treatments, face limitations, including potential immunological rejection and tumorigenesis. Therefore, extracellular vesicle (EV)-based strategies have been proposed as a novel approach for tissue regeneration owing to EVs' complex composition of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as their low immunogenicity and congenital cell-targeting features. Despite these remarkable features of EVs, biomimetic synthesis and optimization of natural EVs can lead to enhanced bioactivity, increased cellular uptake, and specific cell targeting, aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. To maximize their function, these nanoparticles can be integrated into bone graft biomaterials for superior bone regeneration. Herein, we summarize the role of naturally occurring EVs from distinct cell types in bone regeneration, the current strategies for optimizing biomimetic synthetic EVs in bone regeneration, and discuss the recent advances in applying bone graft biomaterials for the delivery of EVs to bone defect repair. We focused on distinct strategies for optimizing EVs with different functions and the most recent research on achieving time-controlled release of nanoparticles from EV-loaded biomaterials. Furthermore, we thoroughly discuss several current challenges and proposed solutions, aiming to provide insight into current progress, inspiration for future development directions, and incentives for clinical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
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56
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Sen S, Xavier J, Kumar N, Ahmad MZ, Ranjan OP. Exosomes as natural nanocarrier-based drug delivery system: recent insights and future perspectives. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:101. [PMID: 36860361 PMCID: PMC9970142 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized (size ~ 30-150 nm) natural vesicular structures released from cells by physiological processes or pathological circumstances. Exosomes are growing in popularity as a result of their many benefits over conventional nanovehicles, including their ability to escape homing in the liver or metabolic destruction and their lack of undesired accumulation before reaching their intended targets. Various therapeutic molecules, including nucleic acids, have been incorporated into exosomes by different techniques, many of which have shown satisfactory performance in various diseases. Surface-modified exosomes are a potentially effective strategy, and it increases the circulation time and produces the specific drug target vehicle. In this comprehensive review, we describe composition exosomes biogenesis and the role of exosomes in intercellular signaling and cell-cell communications, immune responses, cellular homeostasis, autophagy, and infectious diseases. In addition, we discuss the role of exosomes as diagnostic markers, and their therapeutic and clinical implications. Furthermore, we addressed the challenges and outstanding developments in exosome research and discuss future perspectives. In addition to the current status of exosomes as a therapeutic carrier, the lacuna in the clinical development lifecycles along with the possible strategies to fill the lacuna have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101 India
| | - Joyal Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Om Prakash Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101 India
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57
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Wang J, Shang P. Static magnetic field: A potential tool of controlling stem cells fates for stem cell therapy in osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:91-102. [PMID: 36596343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a kind of bone diseases characterized by dynamic imbalance of bone formation and bone absorption, which is prone to fracture, and seriously endangers human health. At present, there is a lack of highly effective drugs for it, and the existing measures all have some side effects. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell therapy has brought a certain hope for osteoporosis, while shortcomings such as homing difficulty and unstable therapeutic effects limit its application widely. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to find effective and reliable means/drugs for adjuvant stem cell therapy or develop new research techniques. It has been reported that static magnetic fields(SMFs) has a certain alleviating and therapeutic effect on varieties of bone diseases, also promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues to a certain extent. Basing on the above background, this article focuses on the key words "static/constant magnetic field, mesenchymal stem cell, osteoporosis", combined literature and relevant contents were studied to look forward that SMFs has unique advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis with mesenchymal stem cells, which can be used as an application tool to promote the progress of stem cell therapy in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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58
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Exosome-Based Carrier for RNA Delivery: Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020598. [PMID: 36839920 PMCID: PMC9964211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, RNA-based drugs have emerged as a promising candidate to specifically target and modulate disease-relevant genes to cure genetic defects. The key to applying RNA therapy in clinical trials is developing safe and effective delivery systems. Exosomes have been exploited as a promising vehicle for drug delivery due to their nanoscale size, high stability, high biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. We reviewed and summarized the progress in the strategy and application of exosome-mediated RNA therapy. The challenges of exosomes as a carrier for RNA drug delivery are also elucidated in this article. RNA molecules can be loaded into exosomes and then delivered to targeted cells or tissues via various biochemical or physical approaches. So far, exosome-mediated RNA therapy has shown potential in the treatment of cancer, central nervous system disorders, COVID-19, and other diseases. To further exploit the potential of exosomes for RNA delivery, more efforts should be made to overcome both technological and logistic problems.
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59
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Ren S, Lin Y, Liu W, Yang L, Zhao M. MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136453. [PMID: 36814713 PMCID: PMC9939647 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect and repair is a common but difficult problem in restorative and reconstructive surgery. Bone tissue defects of different sizes caused by different reasons bring functional limitations and cosmetic deformities to patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a major hotspot in the field of regeneration in recent years, have been widely used in various studies on bone tissue regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the bone regenerative effects of MSC can be achieved through exosome-delivered messages. Although its osteogenic mechanism is still unclear, it is clear that MSC-Exos can directly or indirectly support the action of bone regeneration. It can act directly on various cells associated with osteogenesis, or by carrying substances that affect cellular activators or the local internal environment in target cells, or it can achieve activation of the osteogenic framework by binding to materials. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the types and content of effective contents of MSC-Exos in bone regeneration, as well as recent advances in the currently commonly used methods to enable the binding of MSC-Exos to the framework and to conclude that MSC-Exos is effective in promoting osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Department of Biomaterials, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
| | - Muxin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
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60
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Li SD, Xing W, Wang SC, Li YB, Jiang H, Zheng HX, Li XM, Yang J, Guo DB, Xie XY, Jiang RQ, Fan C, Li L, Xu X, Fei J. Fibulin2: a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation in infected bone fracture healing. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:443-456. [PMID: 36797542 PMCID: PMC9981700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture remains a common occurrence, with a population-weighted incidence of approximately 3.21 per 1000. In addition, approximately 2% to 50% of patients with skeletal fractures will develop an infection, one of the causes of disordered bone healing. Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in disordered bone repair. However, the specific mechanisms underlying BMSC dysfunction caused by bone infection are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that Fibulin2 expression was upregulated in infected bone tissues and that BMSCs were the source of infection-induced Fibulin2. Importantly, Fibulin2 knockout accelerated mineralized bone formation during skeletal development and inhibited inflammatory bone resorption. We demonstrated that Fibulin2 suppressed BMSC osteogenic differentiation by binding to Notch2 and inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway. Moreover, Fibulin2 knockdown restored Notch2 pathway activation and promoted BMSC osteogenesis; these outcomes were abolished by DAPT, a Notch inhibitor. Furthermore, transplanted Fibulin2 knockdown BMSCs displayed better bone repair potential in vivo. Altogether, Fibulin2 is a negative regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation that inhibits osteogenesis by inactivating the Notch2 signaling pathway in infected bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Montreal Neurological Hospital, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Bin Guo
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qing Jiang
- Department for Combat Casualty Care Training, Training Base for Army Health Care, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fan
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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61
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Targeting Agents in Biomaterial-Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032007. [PMID: 36768328 PMCID: PMC9916506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are a global public concern that affect millions of people. Even though current treatments present high efficacy, they also show several side effects. In this sense, the development of biocompatible nanoparticles and macroscopic scaffolds has been shown to improve bone regeneration while diminishing side effects. In this review, we present a new trend in these materials, reporting several examples of materials that specifically recognize several agents of the bone microenvironment. Briefly, we provide a subtle introduction to the bone microenvironment. Then, the different targeting agents are exposed. Afterward, several examples of nanoparticles and scaffolds modified with these agents are shown. Finally, we provide some future perspectives and conclusions. Overall, this topic presents high potential to create promising translational strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive description of the incipient state-of-the-art of bone-targeting agents in bone regeneration.
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62
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Liu F, Sun T, An Y, Ming L, Li Y, Zhou Z, Shang F. The potential therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles in critical-size bone defects: Spring of cell-free regenerative medicine is coming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1050916. [PMID: 36733961 PMCID: PMC9887316 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of critical-size bone defects has significantly increased. Critical-size bone defects seriously affect patients' motor functions and quality of life and increase the need for additional clinical treatments. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has made great progress in repairing critical-size bone defects. As one of the main components of bone tissue engineering, stem cell-based therapy is considered a potential effective strategy to regenerate bone tissues. However, there are some disadvantages including phenotypic changes, immune rejection, potential tumorigenicity, low homing efficiency and cell survival rate that restrict its wider clinical applications. Evidence has shown that the positive biological effects of stem cells on tissue repair are largely mediated through paracrine action by nanostructured extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may overcome the limitations of traditional stem cell-based treatments. In addition to stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, the potential therapeutic roles of nonstem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in critical-size bone defect repair have also attracted attention from scholars in recent years. Currently, the development of extracellular vesicles-mediated cell-free regenerative medicine is still in the preliminary stage, and the specific mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, the authors first review the research progress and possible mechanisms of extracellular vesicles combined with bone tissue engineering scaffolds to promote bone regeneration via bioactive molecules. Engineering modified extracellular vesicles is an emerging component of bone tissue engineering and its main progression and clinical applications will be discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges of developing extracellular vesicle-based regenerative medicine will be given. This review may provide a theoretical basis for the future development of extracellular vesicle-based biomedicine and provide clinical references for promoting the repair of critical-size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture and Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leiguo Ming
- Department of Research and Development, Shaanxi Zhonghong Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifei Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command, Lhasa, Tibet, China,*Correspondence: Fengqing Shang, ; Zhifei Zhou,
| | - Fengqing Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Fengqing Shang, ; Zhifei Zhou,
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The Double-Edged Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010165. [PMID: 36671550 PMCID: PMC9855573 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and to provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
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Advances in the Study of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems for Bone-Related Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010220. [PMID: 36678850 PMCID: PMC9867375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-related diseases are major problems and heavy burdens faced by modern society. Current clinical approaches for the treatment of these pathological conditions often lead to complications and have limited therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the development of nanotherapeutic platforms, such as extracellular vesicles, can improve the relevant therapeutic effects. In particular, exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles secreted by many cells in mammals. Due to their innate capacity to transport materials-including proteins, lipids, and genes-among cells, as well as their innate attraction to target cells, they are considered to be a crucial medium for cell communication and are involved in a number of biological processes. Exosomes have been used as drug delivery vehicles in recent bone tissue engineering studies, in order to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the precise workings of the exosome regulatory network in maintaining bone homeostasis and its potential for treating bone injury remain unclear. To provide a fresh perspective for the study of exosomes in drug delivery and bone-related diseases, in this paper, we review recent studies on the roles of exosomes for drug delivery in bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases, as well as the composition and characteristics of exosomes and their regulatory roles in bone homeostasis and bone-related diseases, aiming to provide new ideas for the therapeutic application of exosomes in the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Liu X, Hu J, Ning Y, Xu H, Cai H, Yang A, Shi Z, Li Z. Aptamer Technology and Its Applications in Bone Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897221144949. [PMID: 36591965 PMCID: PMC9811309 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221144949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids (DNA, short RNA, or other artificial molecules) produced by the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technology, which can be tightly and specifically combined with desired targets. As a comparable alternative to antibodies, aptamers have many advantages over traditional antibodies such as a strong chemical stability and rapid bulk production. In addition, aptamers can bind targets in various ways, and are not limited like the antigen-antibody combination. Studies have shown that aptamers have tremendous potential to diagnose and treat clinical diseases. However, only a few aptamer-based drugs have been used because of limitations of the aptamers and SELEX technology. To promote the development and applications of aptamers, we present a review of the methods optimizing the SELEX technology and modifying aptamers to boost the selection success rate and improve aptamer characteristics. In addition, we review the application of aptamers to treat bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Third
Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji
Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang
Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Haijia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Third
Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hantao Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenling
First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hubei
Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengshuai Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan
Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Third
Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Zhanghua Li, Department of Orthopaedics,
Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 216, Guanshan
Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China.
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66
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Han F, Wang C, Cheng P, Liu T, Wang WS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate diabetic bone-fat imbalance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149168. [PMID: 37124755 PMCID: PMC10145165 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with systemic complications. Patient with diabetes have increased risks of bone fracture. Previous studies report that diabetes could affect bone metabolism, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods We isolated exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of normal and diabetic mice and test their effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Then we screened the differential microRNAs by high-throughput sequencing and explored the function of key microRNA in vitro and in vivo. Results We find that lower bone mass and higher marrow fat accumulation, also called bone-fat imbalance, exists in diabetic mouse model. Exosomes secreted by normal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exos) enhanced osteogenesis and suppressed adipogenesis, while these effects were diminished in diabetic BMSCs-Exos. miR-221, as one of the highly expressed miRNAs within diabetic BMSCs-Exos, showed abilities of suppressing osteogenesis and promoting adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Elevation of miR-221 level in normal BMSCs-Exos impairs the ability of regulating osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Intriguingly, using the aptamer delivery system, delivery normal BMSCs-Exos specifically to BMSCs increased bone mass, reduced marrow fat accumulation, and promoted bone regeneration in diabetic mice. Conclusion We demonstrate that BMSCs derived exosomal miR-221 is a key regulator of diabetic osteoporosis, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-related skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
| | - Wei-Shan Wang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
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Zhou Y, Jia H, Hu A, Liu R, Zeng X, Wang H. Nanoparticles Targeting Delivery Antagomir-483-5p to Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treat Osteoporosis by Increasing Bone Formation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:115-126. [PMID: 35473519 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220426120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteoblastic differentiation is a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis (OP). The present study demonstrates that miR- 483-5p inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Therefore, selectively delivering the nanoparticles carrying antagomir-483-5p (miR-483-5p inhibitor) to BMSCs is expected to become an effective treatment drug for OP. METHODS Real-time PCR assays were used to analyze miR-483-5p, ALP and Bglap levels in BMSCs of ovariectomized and aged osteoporotic mice. Immunoglobulin G and poloxamer-188 encapsulated the functional small molecules, and a BMSC-targeting aptamer was employed to confirm the direction of the nanoparticles to selectively and efficiently deliver antagomir-483-5p to BMSCs in vivo. Luciferase assays were used to determine the target genes of miR-483-5p. Western blot assays and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect the targets in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS miR-483-5p levels were increased in BMSCs of ovariectomized and aged osteoporotic mice. Inhibiting miR-483-5p levels in BMSCs by antagomir-483-5p in vitro promoted the expression of bone formation markers, such as ALP and Bglap. The FAM-BMSC-aptamer-nanoparticles carrying antagomir- 483-5p were taken up by BMSCs, resulting in stimulation of BMSC osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and osteoporosis prevention in vivo. Furthermore, our research demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and SMAD family member 5 (Smad5) were direct targets of miR-483-5p in regulating BMSC osteoblastic differentiation and osteoporosis pathological processes. CONCLUSIONS The important therapeutic role of FAM-BMSC-aptamer-nanoparticles carrying antagomir- 483-5p in osteoporosis was established in our study. These nanoparticles are a novel candidate for the clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The optimized, targeted drug delivery platform for small molecules will provide new ideas for treating clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Aihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Rangru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xiangzhou Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
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Zhao H, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhou K, Li H, Bi S, Wang Y, Wu W, Huang Y, Peng B, Tang J, Pan B, Wang B, Chen Z, Zhang Z. Bioengineered MSC-derived exosomes in skin wound repair and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1029671. [PMID: 36923255 PMCID: PMC10009159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1029671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractory skin defects such as pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and vascular ulcers represent a challenge for clinicians and researchers in many aspects. The treatment strategies for wound healing have high cost and limited efficacy. To ease the financial and psychological burden on patients, a more effective therapeutic approach is needed to address the chronic wound. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes), the main bioactive extracellular vesicles of the paracrine effect of MSCs, have been proposed as a new potential cell-free approach for wound healing and skin regeneration. The benefits of MSC-exosomes include their ability to promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, increase collagen production, regulate inflammation, and finally improve tissue regenerative capacity. However, poor targeting and easy removability of MSC-exosomes from the wound are major obstacles to their use in clinical therapy. Thus, the concept of bioengineering technology has been introduced to modify exosomes, enabling higher concentrations and construction of particles of greater stability with specific therapeutic capability. The use of biomaterials to load MSC-exosomes may be a promising strategy to concentrate dose, create the desired therapeutic efficacy, and maintain a sustained release effect. The beneficial role of MSC-exosomes in wound healing is been widely accepted; however, the potential of bioengineering-modified MSC-exosomes remains unclear. In this review, we attempt to summarize the therapeutic applications of modified MSC-exosomes in wound healing and skin regeneration. The challenges and prospects of bioengineered MSC-exosomes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxing Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siwei Bi
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeqian Huang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Su G, Lei X, Wang Z, Xie W, Wen D, Wu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Affect Macrophage Phenotype: A Cell-free Strategy for the Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:350-357. [PMID: 35546766 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220511123625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The process of tissue damage, repair, and regeneration in the skeletal muscle system involves complex inflammatory processes. Factors released in the inflammatory microenvironment can affect the phenotypic changes of macrophages, thereby changing the inflammatory process, making macrophages an important target for tissue repair treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune cells. In particular, exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells have become a new cell-free treatment strategy due to their low tumorigenicity and immunogenicity. This article focuses on the mechanism of the effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on the phenotype of macrophages after skeletal muscle system injury and explores the possible mechanism of macrophages as potential therapeutic targets after tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Weiqiang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Donghong Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China
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Sadeghi S, Tehrani FR, Tahmasebi S, Shafiee A, Hashemi SM. Exosome engineering in cell therapy and drug delivery. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:145-169. [PMID: 36609717 PMCID: PMC9823267 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-derived exosomes have opened new horizons in modern therapy for advanced drug delivery and therapeutic applications, due to their key features such as low immunogenicity, high physicochemical stability, capacity to penetrate into tissues, and the innate capacity to communicate with other cells over long distances. Exosome-based liquid biopsy has been potentially used for the diagnosis and prognosis of a range of disorders. Exosomes deliver therapeutic agents, including immunological modulators, therapeutic drugs, and antisense oligonucleotides to certain targets, and can be used as vaccines, though their clinical application is still far from reality. Producing exosomes on a large-scale is restricted to their low circulation lifetime, weak targeting capacity, and inappropriate controls, which need to be refined before being implemented in practice. Several bioengineering methods have been used for refining therapeutic applications of exosomes and promoting their effectiveness, on the one hand, and addressing the existing challenges, on the other. In the short run, new diagnostic platforms and emerging therapeutic strategies will further develop exosome engineering and therapeutic potential. This requires a thorough analysis of exosome engineering approaches along with their merits and drawbacks, as outlined in this paper. The present study is a comprehensive review of novel techniques for exosome development in terms of circulation time in the body, targeting capacity, and higher drug loading/delivery efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Sadeghi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Nanotechnology and tissue engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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TAZ promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells line C3H10T1/2, murine multi-lineage cells lines C2C12, and MEFs induced by BMP9. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:499. [PMID: 36575168 PMCID: PMC9794779 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also named as growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2), is the strongest cytokine that promotes osteogenic differentiation in the BMP family, and has broad clinical application value. Nevertheless, the mechanism of BMP9 promotes osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. TAZ, a transcriptional co-activator, has great effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and stem cell self-renewal. In this research, we investigated the effects of TAZ in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 (MSCs) and murine multi-lineage cell lines C2C12 and MEFs (MMCs) and explored its possible mechanisms. This study has found that BMP9 induces the expression of TAZ and promotes its nuclear translocation. Meanwhile, our study found that Ad-TAZ and TM-25659, a TAZ agonist, can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and MMCs induced by BMP9. Conversely, Ad-si-TAZ and verteporfin, an inhibitor of TAZ, have the contradictory effect. Likewise, the promotion of TAZ to the BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo was confirmed by the subcutaneous transplantation of MSCs in nude mice. Furthermore, we have detected that TAZ might increase the levels of the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK induced by BMP9. Additionally, we also found that TAZ increased the total protein level of β-catenin induced by BMP9. In summary, our results strongly indicated that TAZ will promote the osteogenic differentiation in MSCs and MMCs induced by BMP9 through multiple signal pathways.
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The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010021. [PMID: 36678650 PMCID: PMC9865231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery system (DDS) realizes the drug delivery process through the drug carrier. As an important part of DDS, the selection of the drug carrier material is extremely critical, which requires the carrier material to possess excellent biocompatibility and targeting and not affect the pharmacological action of the drug. As one of the endogenous extracellular vesicles, exosomes are 30-100 nm in diameter, which are considered a new generation of a natural nanoscale delivery system. Exosomes secreted by different types of cells carry signaling molecules (such as proteins and nucleic acid) playing an important role in cell behaviors. Owing to their ability to specialize in intercellular communication, exosomes provide a distinctive method to deliver therapeutic drugs to target cells. In this concept, exosomes as the natural liposomes carry endogenous biomolecules, have excellent biocompatibility, and could be loaded with cargo both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, modifications by genetic and/or chemical engineering to part of the exosome surface or complement the desired natural effect may enhance the targeting with drug loading capability. Notably, exosomes weakly react with serum proteins prolonging cargo half-life. Overall, exosomes as natural carriers integrate the superiority of synthetic nanocarriers and cellular communication while precluding their limitations, which provides novel and reliable methods for drug delivery and treatment. Our review focuses on the therapeutic potentials and clinical values of exosomes as a carrier of drug delivery system in multiple diseases, including cancer, nervous, immune, and skeletal system diseases.
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Yang Y, Yuan L, Cao H, Guo J, Zhou X, Zeng Z. Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6346-6367. [PMID: 36547094 PMCID: PMC9776574 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destroyed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. Accumulative evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (MSC-EVs), especially exosomes (Exos), exhibit great potential in the treatment of OP. However, the research on MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP is still in the initial stage. The potential mechanism has not been fully clarified. Therefore, by reviewing the relevant literature of MSC-EVs and OP in recent years, we summarized the latest application of bone targeted MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP and further elaborated the potential mechanism of MSC-EVs in regulating bone formation, bone resorption, bone angiogenesis, and immune regulation through internal bioactive molecules to alleviate OP, providing a theoretical basis for the related research of MSC-EVs in the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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74
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Ren J, Yu R, Xue J, Tang Y, Su S, Liao C, Guo Q, Guo W, Zheng J. How Do Extracellular Vesicles Play a Key Role in the Maintenance of Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5375-5389. [PMID: 36419718 PMCID: PMC9677931 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of bone homeostasis includes both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. These two processes are in dynamic balance to maintain a constant amount of bone for accomplishing its critical functions in daily life. Multiple cell type communications are involved in these two complex and continuous processes. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have shown that osteogenic and osteoclastic extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in regulating bone homeostasis through paracrine, autosecretory and endocrine signaling. Elucidating the functional roles of extracellular vesicles in the maintenance of bone homeostasis may contribute to the design of new strategies for bone regeneration. Hence, we review the recent understandings of the classification, production process, extraction methods, structure, contents, functions and applications of extracellular vesicles in bone homeostasis. We highlight the contents of various bone-derived extracellular vesicles and their interactions with different cells in the bone microenvironment during bone homeostasis. We also summarize the recent advances in EV-loaded biomaterial scaffolds for bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongcheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihui Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
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75
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Bone-targeting delivery of platelet lysate exosomes ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by enhancing bone-vessel coupling. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:220. [PMID: 36310171 PMCID: PMC9620632 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) overuse is associated with decreased bone mass and osseous vasculature destruction, leading to severe osteoporosis. Platelet lysates (PL) as a pool of growth factors (GFs) were widely used in local bone repair by its potent pro-regeneration and pro-angiogenesis. However, it is still seldom applied for treating systemic osteopathia due to the lack of a suitable delivery strategy. The non-targeted distribution of GFs might cause tumorigenesis in other organs. RESULTS In this study, PL-derived exosomes (PL-exo) were isolated to enrich the platelet-derived GFs, followed by conjugating with alendronate (ALN) grafted PEGylated phospholipid (DSPE-PEG-ALN) to establish a bone-targeting PL-exo (PL-exo-ALN). The in vitro hydroxyapatite binding affinity and in vivo bone targeting aggregation of PL-exo were significantly enhanced after ALN modification. Besides directly modulating the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), respectively, PL-exo-ALN also facilitate their coupling under GCs' stimulation. Additionally, intravenous injection of PL-exo-ALN could successfully rescue GCs induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PL-exo-ALN may be utilized as a novel nanoplatform for precise infusion of GFs to bone sites and exerts promising therapeutic potential for GIOP.
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76
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García-García P, Reyes R, García-Sánchez D, Pérez-Campo FM, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Évora C, Díaz-Rodríguez P, Delgado A. Nanoparticle-mediated selective Sfrp-1 silencing enhances bone density in osteoporotic mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:462. [PMID: 36309688 PMCID: PMC9618188 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a loss in bone mass and mineral density. The stimulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to promote bone formation, this pathway is controlled by several regulators as secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (Sfrp-1), antagonist of the pathway. Thus, Sfrp-1 silencing therapies could be suitable for enhancing bone growth. However, the systemic stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin has been correlated with side effects. This work hypothesizes the administration of lipid-polymer NPs (LPNPs) functionalized with a MSC specific aptamer (Apt) and carrying a SFRP1 silencing GapmeR, could favor bone formation in OP with minimal undesired effects. Suitable SFRP1 GapmeR-loaded Apt-LPNPs (Apt-LPNPs-SFRP1) were administered in osteoporotic mice and their biodistribution, toxicity and bone induction capacity were evaluated. The aptamer functionalization of the NPs modified their biodistribution profile showing a four-fold increase in the bone accumulation and a ten-fold decrease in the hepatic accumulation compared to naked LPNPs. Moreover, the histological evaluation revealed evident changes in bone structure observing a more compact trabecular bone and a cortical bone thickness increase in the Apt-LPNPs-SFRP1 treated mice with no toxic effects. Therefore, these LPNPs showed suitable properties and biodistribution profiles leading to an enhancement on the bone density of osteoporotic mice.
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77
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Komuro H, Aminova S, Lauro K, Harada M. Advances of engineered extracellular vesicles-based therapeutics strategy. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:655-681. [PMID: 36277506 PMCID: PMC9586594 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-bound vesicles which encapsulate bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They mediate intercellular communication through transporting internally packaged molecules, making them attractive therapeutics carriers. Over the last decades, a significant amount of research has implied the potential of EVs servings as drug delivery vehicles for nuclear acids, proteins, and small molecular drugs. However, several challenges remain unresolved before the clinical application of EV-based therapeutics, including lack of specificity, stability, biodistribution, storage, large-scale manufacturing, and the comprehensive analysis of EV composition. Technical development is essential to overcome these issues and enhance the pre-clinical therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the current advancements in EV engineering which demonstrate their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Komuro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shakhlo Aminova
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Lauro
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Masako Harada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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78
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Roles of exosomes in regenerative periodontology: a narrative review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12219-12225. [PMID: 36266554 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the primary cause of irreversible destruction of the periodontium surrounding teeth. Proinflammatory cytokines are secreted by pathogens in the biofilm and destroy the periodontium. Exosomes released into all biological fluids from saliva have enabled many innovations in the early diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. This narrative review describes the role of exosomes in various diseases, and their involvement in periodontal diseases and periodontal regeneration primarily. Since guided tissue regeneration offers unpredictable results that vary according to the case, new developments in periodontal treatment are needed. Exosomes are suitable drug carriers for periodontal regeneration due to their isolation from every biological fluid, biocompatibility, low toxicity and high concentration of drugs reaching the target tissue. Exosomes obtained from mesenchymal stem cells can be used for periodontal regeneration in periodontal flaps, scaffolds, or periodontal defect areas through biomaterials such as drugs and hydrogels. Exosomes are significant in the early diagnosis and development of treatment of many diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes and prognostic markers in cancer. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of exosomes in periodontitis and periodontal diseases and other systemic diseases, as they have many promises in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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79
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Du Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Fan S, Gu C, Shangguan L, Lin X. Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Preparation from Top-Down Approaches and Biological Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200142. [PMID: 35899756 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted attention as delivery vehicles due to their structure, composition, and unique properties in regeneration and immunomodulation. However, difficulties during production and isolation processes of EVs limit their large-scale clinical applications. EV mimetics (EVMs), prepared via top-down strategies that improve the yield of nanoparticles while retaining biological properties similar to those of EVs have been used to address these limitations. Herein, the preparation of EVMs is reviewed and their characteristics in terms of structure, composition, targeting ability, cellular uptake mechanism, and immunogenicity, as well as their strengths, limitations, and future clinical application prospects as EV alternatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
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80
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Song H, Chen X, Hao Y, Wang J, Xie Q, Wang X. Nanoengineering facilitating the target mission: targeted extracellular vesicles delivery systems design. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:431. [PMID: 36175866 PMCID: PMC9524104 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has put forward the proposition of "precision targeting" for modern drug delivery systems. Inspired by techniques from biology, pharmaceutical sciences, and nanoengineering, numerous targeted drug delivery systems have been developed in recent decades. But the large-scale applications of these systems are limited due to unsatisfactory targeting efficiency, cytotoxicity, easy removability, and instability. As such, the natural endogenous cargo delivery vehicle-extracellular vesicles (EVs)-have sparked significant interest for its unique inherent targeting properties, biocompatibility, transmembrane ability, and circulatory stability. The membranes of EVs are enriched for receptors or ligands that interact with target cells, which endows them with inherent targeting mission. However, most of the natural therapeutic EVs face the fate of being cleared by macrophages, resulting in off-target. Therefore, the specificity of natural EVs delivery systems urgently needs to be further improved. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the inherent homing mechanisms of EVs and the effects of the donor cell source and administration route on targeting specificity. We then go over nanoengineering techniques that modify EVs for improving specific targeting, such as source cell alteration and modification of EVs surface. We also highlight the auxiliary strategies to enhance specificity by changing the external environment, such as magnetic and photothermal. Furthermore, contemporary issues such as the lack of a gold standard for assessing targeting efficiency are discussed. This review will provide new insights into the development of precision medicine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Song
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qingpeng Xie
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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81
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Engineered extracellular vesicles: Regulating the crosstalk between the skeleton and immune system. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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82
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Yin Z, Shen J, Wang Q, Wen L, Qu W, Zhang Y. miR-215-5p regulates osteoporosis development and osteogenic differentiation by targeting XIAP. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:789. [PMID: 35978328 PMCID: PMC9387055 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic disease that involves microstructure destruction and fracture damage. The present study probed into the significance of miR-215-5p in OP progression. Methods Serum samples were collected from surgical patients and healthy controls. qRT-PCR analysis was utilized to determine the miR-215-5p level in clinical samples and human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by β-glycerol phosphate. A dual luciferase reporter assay was exploited to examine the targeted relationship between miR-215-5p and XIAP. The mineralization and calcium deposition of hBMSCs were assessed by detection of ALP activity, Alizarin red staining, and osteoblast marker expression. Protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Results MiR-215-5p was significantly reduced in patients with OP and increased in hBMSCs treated with β-glycerophosphate. Enhanced miR-215-5p level triggered augment in osteoblast markers (Alkaline phosphatase/ ALP, Osteocalcin/ OCN, and Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2/ Runx2), which was accompanied by the increase of ALP activity in hBMSCs and accumulation of Calcium. Functional experiments show that XIAP was a target of miR-215-5p and negatively modulated by miR-215-5p. XIAP expression levels were increased in OP samples, and decreased XIAP in β-glycerophosphate-treated hBMSCs inhibited its’ osteogenic differentiation. Functional loss and acquisition experiments depicted that miR-215-5p promoted the differentiation of hBMSCs by inhibiting the XIAP level, playing a protective role in the pathogenesis of OP. Conclusions β-glycerophosphate promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, increased miR-215-5p level, and decreased XIAP. miR-215-5p stimulated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by targeting XIAP, shedding new insights for the detection and therapy of OP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05731-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyuan Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qu
- Department of Surgery, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, 124 Yuqiao Middle Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaonan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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83
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6742792. [PMID: 35979398 PMCID: PMC9377967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6742792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging shows a decline in overall physical function, and cellular senescence is the powerful catalyst leading to aging. Considering that aging will be accompanied with the emergence of various aging-related diseases, research on new antiaging drugs is still valuable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as tools for intercellular communication, are important components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and they can play pathological roles in the process of cellular senescence. In addition, EVs are similar to their original cells in functions. Therefore, EVs derived from pathological tissues or body fluids may be closely related to the progression of diseases and become potential biomarkers, while those from healthy cells may have therapeutic effects. Moreover, EVs are satisfactory drug carriers. At present, numerous studies have supported the idea that engineered EVs could improve drug targeting ability and utilization efficiency. Here, we summarize the characteristics of EVs and cellular senescence and focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in various aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and its complications, and skin aging.
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84
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Tailored Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Tool for Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7695078. [PMID: 35915850 PMCID: PMC9338735 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7695078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential part in multiple pathophysiological processes including tissue injury and regeneration because of their inherent characteristics of small size, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and capability of carrying a variety of bioactive molecules and mediating intercellular communication. Nevertheless, accumulating studies have shown that the application of EVs faces many challenges such as insufficient therapeutic efficacy, a lack of targeting capability, low yield, and rapid clearance from the body. It is known that EVs can be engineered, modified, and designed to encapsulate therapeutic cargos like proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Targeted peptides, antibodies, aptamers, magnetic nanoparticles, and proteins are introduced to modify various cell-derived EVs for increasing targeting ability. In addition, extracellular vesicle mimetics (EMs) and self-assembly EV-mimicking nanocomplex are applied to improve production and simplify EV purification process. The combination of EVs with biomaterials like hydrogel, and scaffolds dressing endows EVs with long-term therapeutic efficacy and synergistically enhanced regenerative outcome. Thus, we will summarize recent developments of EV modification strategies for more extraordinary regenerative effect in various tissue injury repair. Subsequently, opportunities and challenges of promoting the clinical application of engineered EVs will be discussed.
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85
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Yu C, Chen L, Zhou W, Hu L, Xie X, Lin Z, Panayi AC, Zhan X, Tao R, Mi B, Liu G. Injectable Bacteria-Sensitive Hydrogel Promotes Repair of Infected Fractures via Sustained Release of miRNA Antagonist. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34427-34442. [PMID: 35866896 PMCID: PMC9354009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fracture nonunion can result in considerable physical harm and limitation of quality of life in patients, exerting an extensive economic burden to the society. Nonunion largely results from unresolved inflammation and impaired osteogenesis. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, the indispensable treatment for nonunion is robust anti-inflammation therapy and the promotion of osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we report that plasma exosomes derived from infected fracture nonunion patients (Non-Exos) delayed fracture repair in mice by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vivo and in vitro. Unique molecular identifier microRNA-sequencing (UID miRNA-seq) suggested that microRNA-708-5p (miR-708-5p) was overexpressed in Non-Exos. Mechanistically, miR-708-5p targeted structure-specific recognition protein 1, thereby suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which, in turn, impaired osteogenic differentiation. AntagomicroRNA-708-5p (antagomiR-708-5p) could partly reverse the above process. A bacteria-sensitive natural polymer hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel (HA hydrogel) loaded with antagomiR-708-5p exhibited promising effects in an in vivo study through antibacterial and pro-osteogenic differentiation functions in infected fractures. Overall, the effectiveness and reliability of an injectable bacteria-sensitive hydrogel with sustained release of agents represent a promising approach for infected fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Yu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department
of Physics and Center for Hybrid Nanostructure (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liangcong Hu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division
of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xingjie Zhan
- Tianyou
Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ranyang Tao
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei
Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and
Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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86
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Ren YZ, Ding SS, Jiang YP, Wen H, Li T. Application of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in bone regeneration: Opportunities and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:473-489. [PMID: 36157529 PMCID: PMC9350624 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine, cell-free therapy has received increased attention. Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological barriers to cells, as a form of cell-to-cell communication that regulates function and phenotype. In addition, exosomes are an important component of paracrine signaling in stem-cell-based therapy and can be used as a stand-alone therapy or as a drug delivery system. The remarkable potential of exosomes has paved the pathway for cell-free treatment in bone regeneration. Exosomes are enriched in distinct noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs. Different ncRNAs have multiple functions. Altered expression of ncRNA in exosomes is associated with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases, such as femoral head osteonecrosis, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Although there is increasing evidence that exosome-derived ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) have the potential for bone regeneration, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we review the biogenesis of exo-ncRNA and the effects of ncRNAs on angiogenesis and osteoblast- and osteoclast-related pathways in different diseases. However, there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in the clinical application of ncRNA; for instance, production, storage, targeted delivery and therapeutic potency assessment. Advancements in exo-ncRNA methods and design will promote the development of therapeutics, revolutionizing the present landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhong Ren
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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87
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Deng YQ, Wang ZX, Liu X, Wang YY, Chen Q, Li ZL, Zheng BS, Ye Q, Gong JS, Zhu GQ, Cao TS, Situ WY, Qin CF, Xie H, Zhang WY. Ångstrom-scale silver particles potently combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by suppressing the ACE2 expression and inflammatory responses. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5454-5464. [PMID: 35786741 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has become a severe global public health event, and the development of protective and therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; one of the important SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors) and aberrant inflammatory responses (cytokine storm) are the main targets to inhibit and control COVID-19 invasion. Silver nanomaterials have well-known pharmaceutical properties, including antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Here, based on a self-established metal evaporation-condensation-size graded collection system, smaller silver particles reaching the Ångstrom scale (AgÅPs) were fabricated and coated with fructose to obtain a stabilized AgÅP solution (F-AgÅPs). F-AgÅPs potently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and prevented viral infection. Considering the application of anti-SARS-CoV-2, a sterilized F-AgÅP solution was produced via spray formulation. In our model, the F-AgÅP spray downregulated ACE2 expression and attenuated proinflammatory factors. Moreover, F-AgÅPs were found to be rapidly eliminated to avoid respiratory and systemic toxicity in this study as well as our previous studies. This work presents a safe and potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent using an F-AgÅP spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Zhao-Long Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Bai-Song Zheng
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Jiang-Shan Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tian-Shu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Wei-Yi Situ
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. .,Angmedicine Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University-Amcan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Collaborating Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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88
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Pan Y, Wang J, Jiang Z, Guo Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Hu Y, Wang L. Zoledronate combined metal-organic frameworks for bone-targeting and drugs deliveries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12290. [PMID: 35854057 PMCID: PMC9296467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicine treatments for bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, osteomyelitis, and osteolysis are often limited by insufficient drug concentration at the lesion sites owing to the low perfusion of bone tissue. A carrier that can deliver multiple bone destruction site-targeting drugs is required to address this limitation. Here, we reported a novel bone-targeting nano-drug delivery platform formed by the integration of zoledronate (ZOL) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles. The ZOL mixed zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZZF) nanoparticles were synthesized in water at room temperature (25 °C), where many biomacromolecules could maintain their activity. This allowed the ZZF nanoparticles to adapt the encapsulation ability and pH response release property from ZIF-8 and the excellent bone targeting performance of ZOL simultaneously. Considering the ease of preparation and biomacromolecule-friendly drug delivery of this nano platform, it may be useful in treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratary of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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89
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Xiang Y, Duan Y, Peng Z, Huang H, Ding W, Chen E, Liu Z, Dou C, Li J, Ou J, Wan Q, Yang B, He Z. Microparticles from Hyperphosphatemia-Stimulated Endothelial Cells Promote Vascular Calcification Through Astrocyte-Elevated Gene-1. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:73-86. [PMID: 35195734 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) can be released in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Plasma concentration of high inorganic phosphate (HP) is considered as a decisive determinant of vascular calcification in CKD. We therefore explored the role of HP-induced EMPs (HP-EMPs) in the vascular calcification and its potential mechanism. We observed the shape of HP-EMPs captured by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dynamically changed from rare dots, rosettes, to semicircle or circle. Our results demonstrated that HP-EMPs could directly promote VSMC calcification, or accelerate HP-induced calcification through signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3)/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) signaling pathway. AEG-1 activity was increased through HP-EMPs-induced VSMC calcification, in arteries from uremic rats, or from uremic rats treated with HP-EMPs. AEG-1 deficiency blocked, whereas AEG-1 overexpression exacerbated, the calcium deposition of VSMCs. AEG-1, a target of miR-153-3p, could be suppressed by agomiR-153-3p. Notably, VSMC-specific enhance of miR-153-3p by tail vein injection of aptamer-agomiR-153-3p decreased calcium deposition in both uremia rats treated with HP-EMPs or not. HP-EMPs could directly induce VSMCs calcification and accelerate Pi-induced calcification, and AEG-1 may act as crucial regulator of HP-EMPs-induced vascular calcification. This study sheds light on the therapeutic agents that influence HP-EMPs production or AEG-1 activity, which may be of benefit to treat vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - En Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyun Dou
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jihong Ou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangxiu He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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90
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Lu L, Wang L, Wu J, Yang M, Chen B, Wang H, Gan K. DNMT3a promotes osteoblast differentiation and alleviates osteoporosis via the PPARγ/ SCD1/ GLUT1 axis. Epigenomics 2022; 14:777-792. [PMID: 35765985 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to elucidate the role of DNMT3a and PPARγ functions in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Materials & methods: Mice were ovariectomized to establish an in vivo osteoporosis model and MC3T3-E1-14 osteoblasts were induced to differentiate. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were used to manipulate the expression of PPARγ, DNMT3a and SCD1, followed by an evaluation of their role in postmenopausal osteoporosis both in vivo and in vitro. Results: DNMT3a induced methylation of the PPARγ promoter region, consequently stimulating osteoblast differentiation. PPARγ elevated SCD1, which decreased GLUT1 and inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Inhibition of PPARγ reduced SCD1 while increasing GLUT1 expression, thus alleviating postmenopausal osteoporosis in mice. Conclusion: DNMT3a promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating the PPARγ/SCD1/GLUT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiqiong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Minjie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Binhui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Kaifeng Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
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91
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Zhang M, Li Y, Feng T, Li R, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yin P, Tang P. Bone Engineering Scaffolds With Exosomes: A Promising Strategy for Bone Defects Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920378. [PMID: 35782499 PMCID: PMC9240482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is still an intractable clinical problem, despite the fact that numerous treatments are currently available. In recent decades, bone engineering scaffolds have become a promising tool to fill in the defect sites and remedy the deficiencies of bone grafts. By virtue of bone formation, vascular growth, and inflammation modulation, the combination of bone engineering scaffolds with cell-based and cell-free therapy is widely used in bone defect repair. As a key element of cell-free therapy, exosomes with bioactive molecules overcome the deficiencies of cell-based therapy and promote bone tissue regeneration via the potential of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation modulation. Hence, this review aimed at overviewing the bone defect microenvironment and healing mechanism, summarizing current advances in bone engineering scaffolds and exosomes in bone defects to probe for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Taojin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Licheng Zhang, ; Pengbin Yin,
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Licheng Zhang, ; Pengbin Yin,
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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92
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Wu YY, Shan SK, Lin X, Xu F, Zhong JY, Wu F, Duan JY, Guo B, Li FXZ, Wang Y, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Lei LM, Ou-Yang WL, Tang KX, Li CC, Ullah MHE, Yuan LQ. Cellular Crosstalk in the Vascular Wall Microenvironment: The Role of Exosomes in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912358. [PMID: 35677687 PMCID: PMC9168031 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prevalent in aging, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and certain genetic disorders. However, the pathogenesis of vascular calcification is not well-understood. It has been progressively recognized that vascular calcification depends on the bidirectional interactions between vascular cells and their microenvironment. Exosomes are an essential bridge to mediate crosstalk between cells and organisms, and thus they have attracted increased research attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence has indicated that exosomes play an important role in cardiovascular disease, especially in vascular calcification. In this review, we introduce vascular biology and focus on the crosstalk between the different vessel layers and how their interplay controls the process of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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93
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Effects of BMSC-Derived EVs on Bone Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051012. [PMID: 35631601 PMCID: PMC9146387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that can be secreted by most cells. EVs can be released into the extracellular environment through exocytosis, transporting endogenous cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs, etc.) to target cells and thereby triggering the release of these biomolecules and participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Among them, EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) have similar therapeutic effects to BMSCs, including repairing damaged tissues, inhibiting macrophage polarization and promoting angiogenesis. In addition, BMSC-EVs, as efficient and feasible natural nanocarriers for drug delivery, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, no ethical controversy, good stability and easy storage, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases. In particular, BMSC-EVs show great potential in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of BMSC-EVs in bone formation and bone resorption, which provides new insights for future research on therapeutic strategies for bone metabolic diseases.
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94
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Yuhan J, Zhu L, Zhu L, Huang K, He X, Xu W. Cell-specific aptamers as potential drugs in therapeutic applications: A review of current progress. J Control Release 2022; 346:405-420. [PMID: 35489545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-specific aptamers are a promising emerging player in the field of disease therapy. This paper reviews the multidimensional research progress made in terms of their classification, modification, and application. Based on the target location of cell-specific aptamers, it is defined and classified cell-specific aptamers into three groups including aptamers for cell surface markers, aptamers for intracellular components, and aptamers for extracellular components. Moreover, the modification methods of aptamers to achieve improved stability and affinity are concluded. In addition, recent advances in the application of cell-specific aptamers are discussed, mainly focusing on the increasing research attraction of cell state improving helpers and cell recruitment mediators in the improvement of cellular microenvironments to achieve successful disease therapy. This review also highlights 11 types of clinical aptamer drugs. Finally, the challenges and future directions of potential clinical applications are presented. In summary, we believe that cell-specific aptamers are promising drugs in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Yuhan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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95
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Xu C, Kang Y, Dong X, Jiang D, Qi M. Integration exosomes with MOF-modified multifunctional scaffold for accelerating vascularized bone regeneration. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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96
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Sanmartin MC, Borzone FR, Giorello MB, Yannarelli G, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Carriers for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882545. [PMID: 35497332 PMCID: PMC9046597 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020. Despite advances in targeted therapies, some pharmacological drawbacks associated with anticancer chemo and immunotherapeutic agents include high toxicities, low bioavailability, and drug resistance. In recent years, extracellular vesicles emerged as a new promising platform for drug delivery, with the advantage of their inherent biocompatibility and specific targeting compared to artificial nanocarriers, such as liposomes. Particularly, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells were proposed as a source of extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy because of their intrinsic properties: high in vitro self-renewal and proliferation, regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, and secretion of extracellular vesicles that mediate most of their paracrine functions. Moreover, extracellular vesicles are static and safer in comparison with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, which can undergo genetic/epigenetic or phenotypic changes after their administration to patients. In this review, we summarize currently reported information regarding mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles, their proper isolation and purification techniques - from either naive or engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal cells - for their application in cancer therapy, as well as available downstream modification methods to improve their therapeutic properties. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy, and we review some preclinical and clinical data available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Sanmartin
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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97
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Wang ZX, Luo ZW, Li FXZ, Cao J, Rao SS, Liu YW, Wang YY, Zhu GQ, Gong JS, Zou JT, Wang Q, Tan YJ, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li YY, Yin H, Wang XK, He ZH, Ren L, Liu ZZ, Hu XK, Yuan LQ, Xu R, Chen CY, Xie H. Aged bone matrix-derived extracellular vesicles as a messenger for calcification paradox. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1453. [PMID: 35304471 PMCID: PMC8933454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) instead of osteoblast formation contributes to age- and menopause-related marrow adiposity and osteoporosis. Vascular calcification often occurs with osteoporosis, a contradictory association called “calcification paradox”. Here we show that extracellular vesicles derived from aged bone matrix (AB-EVs) during bone resorption favor BMSC adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis and augment calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Intravenous or intramedullary injection of AB-EVs promotes bone-fat imbalance and exacerbates Vitamin D3 (VD3)-induced vascular calcification in young or old mice. Alendronate (ALE), a bone resorption inhibitor, down-regulates AB-EVs release and attenuates aging- and ovariectomy-induced bone-fat imbalance. In the VD3-treated aged mice, ALE suppresses the ovariectomy-induced aggravation of vascular calcification. MiR-483-5p and miR-2861 are enriched in AB-EVs and essential for the AB-EVs-induced bone-fat imbalance and exacerbation of vascular calcification. Our study uncovers the role of AB-EVs as a messenger for calcification paradox by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861. This study uncovers the role of extracellular vesicles from bone matrix as a messenger in the development of osteoporosis and vascular calcification (calcification paradox) during skeletal aging and menopause by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Tao Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Hui He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Ren
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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98
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Qiao K, Xu L, Tang J, Wang Q, Lim KS, Hooper G, Woodfield TBF, Liu G, Tian K, Zhang W, Cui X. The advances in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35303876 PMCID: PMC8932118 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the gradual demographic shift toward an aging and obese society, an increasing number of patients are suffering from bone and cartilage injuries. However, conventional therapies are hindered by the defects of materials, failing to adequately stimulate the necessary cellular response to promote sufficient cartilage regeneration, bone remodeling and osseointegration. In recent years, the rapid development of nanomedicine has initiated a revolution in orthopedics, especially in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their capacity to effectively stimulate cellular responses on a nanoscale with enhanced drug loading efficiency, targeted capability, increased mechanical properties and improved uptake rate, resulting in an improved therapeutic effect. Therefore, a comprehensive review of advancements in nanomedicine for bone and cartilage diseases is timely and beneficial. This review firstly summarized the wide range of existing nanotechnology applications in the medical field. The progressive development of nano delivery systems in nanomedicine, including nanoparticles and biomimetic techniques, which are lacking in the current literature, is further described. More importantly, we also highlighted the research advancements of nanomedicine in bone and cartilage repair using the latest preclinical and clinical examples, and further discussed the research directions of nano-therapies in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiao
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.,Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 61004, Sichuan, China
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Bone & Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China. .,Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
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99
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Brown SV, Dewitt S, Clayton A, Waddington RJ. Identifying the Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenic Differentiation: An EV-Lution in Regenerative Medicine. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have long been the focus for regenerative medicine and the restoration of damaged or aging cells throughout the body. However, the efficacy of MSCs in cell-based therapy still remains unpredictable and carries with it enumerable risks. It is estimated that only 3-10% of MSCs survive transplantation, and there remains undefined and highly variable heterogeneous biological potency within these administered cell populations. The mode of action points to secreted factors produced by MSCs rather than the reliance on engraftment. Hence harnessing such secreted elements as a replacement for live-cell therapies is attractive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous lipid bounded structures, secreted by cells. They comprise a complex repertoire of molecules including RNA, proteins and other factors that facilitate cell-to-cell communication. Described as protected signaling centers, EVs can modify the cellular activity of recipient cells and are emerging as a credible alternative to cell-based therapies. EV therapeutics demonstrate beneficial roles for wound healing by preventing apoptosis, moderating immune responses, and stimulating angiogenesis, in addition to promoting cell proliferation and differentiation required for tissue matrix synthesis. Significantly, EVs maintain their signaling function following transplantation, circumventing the issues related to cell-based therapies. However, EV research is still in its infancy in terms of their utility as medicinal agents, with many questions still surrounding mechanistic understanding, optimal sourcing, and isolation of EVs for regenerative medicine. This review will consider the efficacy of using cell-derived EVs compared to traditional cell-based therapies for bone repair and regeneration. We discuss the factors to consider in developing productive lines of inquiry and establishment of standardized protocols so that EVs can be harnessed from optimal secretome production, to deliver reproducible and effective therapies.
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100
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Williams KB, Ehrhart NP. Regenerative medicine 2.0: extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:683-689. [PMID: 35263279 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.02.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as prominent mediators of the homeostasis, repair, and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues including bone, skeletal muscle, and cartilage. Accordingly, the therapeutic potential of EVs for regenerative medicine applications has not gone unnoticed. The use of EVs for the treatment of musculoskeletal injury and disease in veterinary species is a nascent but rapidly expanding area of research. Recent studies in this area have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of EV products in dogs and horses. While early clinical responses to EV-based therapeutics in companion animals have been favorable, more rigorously designed, sufficiently powered, and placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to fully elucidate the clinical benefits and best-use scenarios for EV therapeutics in veterinary medicine. Additionally, clinical translation of EV-based therapeutics will require Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant methods to scale up and purify EV products. Despite these challenges, EVs hold great promise in the regenerative medicine landscape, particularly in the treatment of musculoskeletal injury and disease in companion animals.
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