51
|
Wang Q, Brooks SH, Liu T, Tomson NC. Tuning metal-metal interactions for cooperative small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2839-2853. [PMID: 33624638 PMCID: PMC8274379 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cluster complexes have attracted interest for decades due to their promise of drawing analogies to metallic surfaces and metalloenzyme active sites, but only recently have chemists started to develop ligand scaffolds that are specifically designed to support multinuclear transition metal cores. Such ligands not only hold multiple metal centers in close proximity but also allow for fine-tuning of their electronic structures and surrounding steric environments. This Feature Article highlights ligand designs that allow for cooperative small molecule activation at cluster complexes, with a particular focus on complexes that contain metal-metal bonds. Two useful ligand-design elements have emerged from this work: a degree of geometric flexibility, which allows for novel small molecule activation modes, and the use of redox-active ligands to provide electronic flexibility to the cluster core. The authors have incorporated these factors into a unique class of dinucleating macrocycles (nPDI2). Redox-active fragments in nPDI2 mimic the weak-overlap covalent bonding that is characteristic of M-M interactions, and aliphatic linkers in the ligand backbone provide geometric flexibility, allowing for interconversion between a range of geometries as the dinuclear core responds to the requirements of various small molecule substrates. The union of these design elements appears to be a powerful combination for analogizing critical aspects of heterogeneous and metalloenzyme catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yang GW, Xu CK, Xie R, Zhang YY, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Pinwheel-Shaped Tetranuclear Organoboron Catalysts for Perfectly Alternating Copolymerization of CO 2 and Epichlorohydrin. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3455-3465. [PMID: 33591738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides to produce aliphatic polycarbonates is a burgeoning technology for the large-scale utilization of CO2 and degradable polymeric materials. Even with the wealth of advancements achieved over the past 50 years on this green technology, many challenges remain, including the use of metal-containing catalysts for polymerization, the removal of the chromatic metal residue after polymerization, and the limited practicable epoxides, especially for those containing electron-withdrawing groups. Herein, we provide kinds of pinwheel-shaped tetranuclear organoboron catalysts for epichlorohydrin/CO2 copolymerization with >99% polymer selectivity and quantitative CO2 uptake (>99% carbonate linkages) under mild conditions (25-40 °C, 25 bar of CO2). The produced poly(chloropropylene carbonate) has the highest molecular weight of 36.5 kg/mol and glass transition temperature of 45.4 °C reported to date. The energy difference (ΔEa = 60.7 kJ/mol) between the cyclic carbonate and polycarbonate sheds light on the robust performance of our metal-free catalyst. Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a cyclically sequential copolymerization mechanism. The metal-free feature, high catalytic performance under mild conditions, and no trouble with chromaticity for the produced polymers imply that our catalysts are practical candidates to advance the CO2-based polycarbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Harder S. Comparison of Magnesium and Zinc in Cationic π-Arene and Halobenzene Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Lorandi F, Lathwal S, Martinez MR, Dadashi-Silab S, Szczepaniak G, Cuthbert J. Reflection on the Matyjaszewski Lab Webinar Series and the Rise of Webinars in Polymer Chemistry. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:54-59. [PMID: 35548988 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Webinar series are helping our community of polymer scientists to stay engaged and connected, despite the cancellation of in-person meetings and the periodic closure of laboratories to contain the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The sustainable and inclusive character of these virtual events make them valuable learning and networking opportunities. As organizers of the Matyjaszewski Lab Webinar Series, we share herein our experience, highlighting the benefits of virtual meetings and providing a short guide for webinar organizers. Researchers, particularly young scientists, are encouraged to organize such virtual events to broaden their skills and strengthen their professional network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Su YC, Ko BT. Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides Using Highly Active Dinuclear Nickel Complexes: Catalysis and Kinetics. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:852-865. [PMID: 33401910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of well-defined dicarboxylate dinuclear nickel complexes containing benzotriazole based 1,3-diamine-bisphenolate (1,3-DiBTP) ligands were readily synthesized through a one-pot procedure, which were highly active single-component catalysts for copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides. X-ray structural determination of dinickel complexes 1-11 indicates that the DiBTP ligand acted as a N,O,N,N,O,N-hexadentate framework to chelate two nickel atoms, and two carboxylates are nonequivalently coordinated. The best benzoate-bonded dinickel catalyst 6 displayed the effective activity for both high-pressure and 1 atm CO2-copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) in a controllable manner. Noteworthily, a high turnover frequency up to 9600 h-1 could be reached at 140 °C and a CO2 pressure of 20.7 bar utilizing a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, and the same copolymerization conditions were capable of producing narrowly dispersed poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) having >99% polycarbonate selectivity. In addition to CO2/CHO copolymerization, 4-vinyl-1,2-cyclohexene oxide or cyclopentene oxide was also applied to efficiently copolymerize CO2 under conditions of 80 °C and 20.7 bar initial CO2 pressure. Kinetic studies of CO2/CHO copolymerization catalyzed by 6 were investigated. Such polymerization revealed first-order dependence for both catalyst 6 and CHO concentrations, and the activation energy for PCHC generation by 6 is 57.69 kJ mol-1. A possible polymerization mechanism for CO2-copolymerization of CHO was proposed based on kinetics and structural studies of the obtained polycarbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Deacy AC, Durr CB, Kerr RWF, Williams CK. Heterodinuclear catalysts Zn(ii)/M and Mg(ii)/M, where M = Na(i), Ca(ii) or Cd(ii), for phthalic anhydride/cyclohexene oxide ring opening copolymerisation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterodinuclear catalysts, coordinated by a Schiff base ligand, for ring opening copolymerisation of phthalic anhydride/cyclohexene oxide, highlight the best metal combinations for fast and selective catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arron C. Deacy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | | | - Ryan W. F. Kerr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Oxford OX1 3TA
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Deacy A, Moreby E, Phanopoulos A, Williams CK. Co(III)/Alkali-Metal(I) Heterodinuclear Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of CO 2 and Propylene Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19150-19160. [PMID: 33108736 PMCID: PMC7662907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propene oxide is a useful means to valorize waste into commercially attractive poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) polyols. The reaction is limited by low catalytic activities, poor tolerance to a large excess of chain transfer agent, and tendency to form byproducts. Here, a series of new catalysts are reported that comprise heterodinuclear Co(III)/M(I) macrocyclic complexes (where M(I) = Group 1 metal). These catalysts show highly efficient production of PPC polyols, outstanding yields (turnover numbers), quantitative carbon dioxide uptake (>99%), and high selectivity for polyol formation (>95%). The most active, a Co(III)/K(I) complex, shows a turnover frequency of 800 h-1 at low catalyst loading (0.025 mol %, 70 °C, 30 bar CO2). The copolymerizations are well controlled and produce hydroxyl telechelic PPC with predictable molar masses and narrow dispersity (Đ < 1.15). The polymerization kinetics show a second order rate law, first order in both propylene oxide and catalyst concentrations, and zeroth order in CO2 pressure. An Eyring analysis, examining the effect of temperature on the propagation rate coefficient (kp), reveals the transition state barrier for polycarbonate formation: ΔG‡ = +92.6 ± 2.5 kJ mol-1. The Co(III)/K(I) catalyst is also highly active and selective in copolymerizations of other epoxides with carbon dioxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arron
C. Deacy
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Emma Moreby
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University
of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Gil-Negrete JM, Hevia E. Main group bimetallic partnerships for cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1982-1992. [PMID: 34163960 PMCID: PMC8179316 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade s-block metal catalysis has undergone a transformation from being an esoteric curiosity to a well-established and consolidated field towards sustainable synthesis. Earth-abundant metals such as Ca, Mg, and Al have shown eye-opening catalytic performances in key catalytic processes such as hydrosilylation, hydroamination or alkene polymerization. In parallel to these studies, s-block mixed-metal reagents have also been attracting widespread interest from scientists. These bimetallic reagents effect many cornerstone organic transformations, often providing enhanced reactivities and better chemo- and regioselectivities than conventional monometallic reagents. Despite a significant number of synthetic advances to date, most efforts have focused primarily on stoichiometric transformations. Merging these two exciting areas of research, this Perspective Article provides an overview on the emerging concept of s/p-block cooperative catalysis. Showcasing recent contributions from several research groups across the world, the untapped potential that these systems can offer in catalytic transformations is discussed with special emphasis placed on how synergistic effects can operate and the special roles played by each metal in these transformations. Advancing the understanding of the ground rules of s-block cooperative catalysis, the application of these bimetalic systems in a critical selection of catalytic transformations encompassing hydroamination, cyclisation, hydroboration to C-C bond forming processes are presented as well as their uses in important polymerization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Gil-Negrete
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Sobrino S, Navarro M, Fernández-Baeza J, Sánchez-Barba LF, Lara-Sánchez A, Garcés A, Castro-Osma JA, Rodríguez AM. Efficient Production of Poly(Cyclohexene Carbonate) via ROCOP of Cyclohexene Oxide and CO 2 Mediated by NNO-Scorpionate Zinc Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092148. [PMID: 32967153 PMCID: PMC7569798 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New mono- and dinuclear chiral alkoxide/thioalkoxide NNO-scorpinate zinc complexes were easily synthesized in very high yields, and characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously confirmed the different nuclearity of the new complexes as well as the variety of coordination modes of the scorpionate ligands. Scorpionate zinc complexes 2, 4 and 6 were assessed as catalysts for polycarbonate production from epoxide and carbon dioxide with no need for a co-catalyst or activator under mild conditions. Interestingly, at 70 °C, 10 bar of CO2 pressure and 1 mol % of loading, the dinuclear thioaryloxide [Zn(bpzaepe)2{Zn(SAr)2}] (4) behaves as an efficient and selective one-component initiator for the synthesis of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) via ring-opening copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2, affording polycarbonate materials with narrow dispersity values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sobrino
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Marta Navarro
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-8504
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (M.N.); (A.G.)
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (S.S.); (J.F.-B.); (A.L.-S.); (J.A.C.-O.); (A.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Bresciani G, Biancalana L, Pampaloni G, Marchetti F. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metal Carbamates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3603. [PMID: 32784784 PMCID: PMC7465543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a related review dating back to 2003, the present review discusses in detail the various synthetic, structural and reactivity aspects of metal species containing one or more carbamato ligands, representing a large family of compounds across all the periodic table. A preliminary overview is provided on the reactivity of carbon dioxide with amines, and emphasis is given to recent findings concerning applications in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido Pampaloni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Metal Complexes Bearing Sulfur-Containing Ligands as Catalysts in the Reaction of CO2 with Epoxides. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of CO2 with epoxides is a green emerging alternative for the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates (COC) and aliphatic polycarbonates (APC). The scope of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of metal complexes having sulfur-containing ligands as homogeneous catalytic systems able to efficiently promote this transformation with a concise discussion of the most significant results. The crucial role of sulfur as the hemilabile ligand and its influence on the catalytic activity are highlighted as well.
Collapse
|
62
|
Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xie R, Wu GP. Scalable Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides with Unprecedented Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12245-12255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Asaba H, Iwasaki T, Hatazawa M, Deng J, Nagae H, Mashima K, Nozaki K. Alternating Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide Catalyzed by Cobalt–Lanthanide Mixed Multinuclear Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7928-7933. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Asaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sengoku T, Miyoshi A, Tsuda T, Inuzuka T, Sakamoto M, Takahashi M, Yoda H. Development of new catalytic enantioselective formation of methylenelactam-based N,O-spirocyclic compounds via ring opening-asymmetric reclosure of hydroxylactams. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
65
|
Catalysis and kinetics for alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides using dinuclear nickel catalysts of pyrazolyl based diamine-bisphenolate ligands. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
66
|
de la Cruz-Martínez F, Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, Martínez J, Tejeda J, Fernández-Baeza J, Alonso-Moreno C, Rodríguez AM, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. Bimetallic Zinc Catalysts for Ring-Opening Copolymerization Processes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8412-8423. [PMID: 32452688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel bimetallic zinc acetate complexes supported by heteroscorpionate ligands have been developed for the ring-opening copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 and the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and CO2. Heteroscorpionate ligands precursors L1-L3 were reacted with two equivalents of zinc acetate to afford the dinuclear zinc complexes [{Zn(κ3-bpzappe)}(μ-O2CCH3)3-{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (1), [{Zn(κ3-bpzbdmape)}(μ-O2CCH3)3-{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (2), and [{Zn(κ3-bpzbdeape)}(μ-O2CCH3)3{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (3) in excellent yields. The molecular structure of these compounds was determined spectroscopically and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Zinc acetate complexes 1-3 were screened as catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 to produce poly(cyclohexene)carbonate, and complex 3 was found to be the most active catalyst for this process in the absence of a cocatalyst. Furthermore, the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and CO2 was studied using the combination of complex 3 and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst system yielding the corresponding polyester-polycarbonate materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.,Laboratorio de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad Católica de Chile Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Juan Tejeda
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José A Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Deng J, Ratanasak M, Sako Y, Tokuda H, Maeda C, Hasegawa JY, Nozaki K, Ema T. Aluminum porphyrins with quaternary ammonium halides as catalysts for copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO 2: metal-ligand cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5669-5675. [PMID: 32864082 PMCID: PMC7425082 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional Al porphyrins worked as excellent catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2.
Bifunctional AlIII porphyrins with quaternary ammonium halides, 2-Cl and 2-Br, worked as excellent catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2 at 120 °C. Turnover frequency (TOF) and turnover number (TON) reached 10 000 h–1 and 55 000, respectively, and poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) with molecular weight of up to 281 000 was obtained with a catalyst loading of 0.001 mol%. In contrast, bifunctional MgII and ZnII counterparts, 3-Cl and 4-Cl, as well as a binary catalyst system, 1-Cl with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride (PPNCl), showed poor catalytic performances. Kinetic studies revealed that the reaction rate was first-order in [CHO] and [2-Br] and zero-order in [CO2], and the activation parameters were determined: ΔH‡ = 12.4 kcal mol–1, ΔS‡ = –26.1 cal mol–1 K–1, and ΔG‡ = 21.6 kcal mol–1 at 80 °C. Comparative DFT calculations on two model catalysts, AlIII complex 2′ and MgII complex 3′, allowed us to extract key factors in the catalytic behavior of the bifunctional AlIII catalyst. The high polymerization activity and carbonate-linkage selectivity originate from the cooperative actions of the metal center and the quaternary ammonium cation, both of which facilitate the epoxide-ring opening by the carbonate anion to form the carbonate linkage in the key transition state such as TS3b (ΔH‡ = 13.3 kcal mol–1, ΔS‡ = –3.1 cal mol–1 K–1, and ΔG‡ = 14.4 kcal mol–1 at 80 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Manussada Ratanasak
- Institute for Catalysis , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan .
| | - Yuma Sako
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Hideki Tokuda
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan .
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan .
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Carrodeguas LP, Chen TTD, Santmarti A, Terrill NJ, Lee KY, Williams CK. Triblock polyester thermoplastic elastomers with semi-aromatic polymer end blocks by ring-opening copolymerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6567-6581. [PMID: 34094122 PMCID: PMC8159401 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers benefit from high elasticity and straightforward (re)processability; they are widely used across a multitude of sectors. Currently, the majority derive from oil, do not degrade or undergo chemical recycling. Here a new series of ABA triblock polyesters are synthesized and show high-performances as degradable thermoplastic elastomers; their composition is poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate)-b-poly(ε-decalactone)-b-poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate) {PE-PDL-PE}. The synthesis is accomplished using a zinc(ii)/magnesium(ii) catalyst, in a one-pot procedure where ε-decalactone ring-opening polymerization yielding dihydroxyl telechelic poly(ε-decalatone) (PDL, soft-block) occurs first and, then, addition of phthalic anhydride/cyclohexene oxide ring-opening copolymerization delivers semi-aromatic polyester (PE, hard-block) end-blocks. The block compositions are straightforward to control, from the initial monomer stoichiometry, and conversions are high (85-98%). Two series of polyesters are prepared: (1) TBPE-1 to TBPE-5 feature an equivalent hard-block volume fraction (f hard = 0.4) and variable molar masses 40-100 kg mol-1; (2) TBPE-5 to TBPE-9 feature equivalent molar masses (∼100 kg mol-1) and variable hard-block volume fractions (0.12 < f hard < 0.4). Polymers are characterized using spectroscopies, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). They are amorphous, with two glass transition temperatures (∼-51 °C for PDL; +138 °C for PE), and block phase separation is confirmed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Tensile mechanical performances reveal thermoplastic elastomers (f hard < 0.4 and N > 1300) with linear stress-strain relationships, high ultimate tensile strengths (σ b = 1-5 MPa), very high elongations at break (ε b = 1000-1900%) and excellent elastic recoveries (98%). There is a wide operating temperature range (-51 to +138 °C), an operable processing temperature range (+100 to +200 °C) and excellent thermal stability (T d,5% ∼ 300 °C). The polymers are stable in aqueous environments, at room temperature, but are hydrolyzed upon gentle heating (60 °C) and treatment with an organic acid (para-toluene sulfonic acid) or a common lipase (Novozyme® 51032). The new block polyesters show significant potential as sustainable thermoplastic elastomers with better properties than well-known styrenic block copolymers or polylactide-derived elastomers. The straightforward synthesis allows for other commercially available and/or bio-derived lactones, epoxides and anhydrides to be developed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Gregory
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Thomas T D Chen
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alba Santmarti
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Harwell OX11 0DE UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Della Monica F, Paradiso V, Grassi A, Milione S, Cavallo L, Capacchione C. A Novel [OSSO]-Type Chromium(III) Complex as a Versatile Catalyst for Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides. Chemistry 2020; 26:5347-5353. [PMID: 31999359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chromium(III) complex, bearing a bis-thioether-diphenolate [OSSO]-type ligand, was found to be an efficient catalyst in the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides to achieve poly(propylene carbonate), poly(cyclohexene carbonate), poly(hexene carbonate) and poly(styrene carbonate), as well as poly(propylene carbonate)(cyclohexene carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate)(hexene carbonate) terpolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy.,Current address: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Veronica Paradiso
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- "A. Zambelli" Department of Chemistry and Biology, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Soobrattee S, Zhai X, Nyamayaro K, Diaz C, Kelley P, Ebrahimi T, Mehrkhodavandi P. Dinucleating Amino-Phenolate Platform for Zinc Catalysts: Impact on Lactide Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5546-5557. [PMID: 32223228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report imine- and amine-based dinucleating ligands bearing a bisphenol backbone and explore their coordination chemistry with zinc to form zinc alkyl, alkoxide, acetate, and amide complexes. Full characterization of the complexes shows that this ligand framework can support dinuclear and trinuclear complexes. We explore the reactivity of the zinc alkyl and alkoxide complexes as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of lactide and compared this reactivity to analogous mononuclear complexes. We show that 1) The amine-based complexes are more reactive than the imine-based analogues; 2) The trinuclear zinc alkyl species show unusual control and reproducibility for lactide polymerization; and 3) The extent of bimetallic cooperation is hampered by the ability of the ligand framework to form trinuclear clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Soobrattee
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Paul Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Honeyman GW, Armstrong DR, Clegg W, Hevia E, Kennedy AR, McLellan R, Orr SA, Parkinson JA, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD, Towie S, Mulvey RE. A regioselectively 1,1',3,3'-tetrazincated ferrocene complex displaying core and peripheral reactivity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6510-6520. [PMID: 34094116 PMCID: PMC8152701 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01612h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regioselective 1,1',3,3'-tetrazincation [C-H to C-Zn(tBu)] of ferrocene has been achieved by reaction of a fourfold excess of di-t-butylzinc (tBu2Zn) with sodium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (NaTMP) in hexane solution manifested in the trimetallic iron-sodium-zinc complex [Na4(TMP)4Zn4(tBu)4{(C5H3)2Fe}], 1. X-ray crystallographic studies supported by DFT modelling reveal the structure to be an open inverse crown in which two [Na(TMP)Zn(tBu)Na(TMP)Zn(tBu)]2+ cationic units surround a {(C5H3)2Fe}4- tetraanion. Detailed C6D6 NMR studies have assigned the plethora of 1H and 13C chemical shifts of this complex. It exists in a major form in which capping and bridging TMP groups interchange, as well as a minor form that appears to be an intermediate in this complicated exchange phenomenon. Investigation of 1 has uncovered two distinct reactivities. Two of its peripheral t-butyl carbanions formally deprotonate toluene at the lateral methyl group to generate benzyl ligands that replace these carbanions in [Na4(TMP)4Zn4(tBu)2(CH2Ph)2{(C5H3)2Fe}], 2, which retains its tetrazincated ferrocenyl core. Benzyl-Na π-arene interactions are a notable feature of 2. In contrast, reaction with pyridine affords the crystalline product {[Na·4py][Zn(py*)2(tBu)·py]}∞, 3, where py is neutral pyridine (C5H5N) and py* is the anion (4-C5H4N), a rare example of pyridine deprotonated/metallated at the 4-position. This ferrocene-free complex appears to be a product of core reactivity in that the core-positioned ferrocenyl anions of 1, in company with TMP anions, have formally deprotonated the heterocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Honeyman
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - William Clegg
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - John A Parkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Donna L Ramsay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stephen Towie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Understanding metal synergy in heterodinuclear catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides. Nat Chem 2020; 12:372-380. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
73
|
Sulley G, Gregory GL, Chen TTD, Peña Carrodeguas L, Trott G, Santmarti A, Lee KY, Terrill NJ, Williams CK. Switchable Catalysis Improves the Properties of CO 2-Derived Polymers: Poly(cyclohexene carbonate- b-ε-decalactone- b-cyclohexene carbonate) Adhesives, Elastomers, and Toughened Plastics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4367-4378. [PMID: 32078313 PMCID: PMC7146851 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization is an efficient way to add value to waste CO2 and to reduce pollution in polymer manufacturing. Using this process to make low molar mass polycarbonate polyols is a commercially relevant route to new thermosets and polyurethanes. In contrast, high molar mass polycarbonates, produced from CO2, generally under-deliver in terms of properties, and one of the most widely investigated, poly(cyclohexene carbonate), is limited by its low elongation at break and high brittleness. Here, a new catalytic polymerization process is reported that selectively and efficiently yields degradable ABA-block polymers, incorporating 6-23 wt % CO2. The polymers are synthesized using a new, highly active organometallic heterodinuclear Zn(II)/Mg(II) catalyst applied in a one-pot procedure together with biobased ε-decalactone, cyclohexene oxide, and carbon dioxide to make a series of poly(cyclohexene carbonate-b-decalactone-b-cyclohexene carbonate) [PCHC-PDL-PCHC]. The process is highly selective (CO2 selectivity >99% of theoretical value), allows for high monomer conversions (>90%), and yields polymers with predictable compositions, molar mass (from 38-71 kg mol-1), and forms dihydroxyl telechelic chains. These new materials improve upon the properties of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) and, specifically, they show good thermal stability (Td,5 ∼ 280 °C), high toughness (112 MJ m-3), and very high elongation at break (>900%). Materials properties are improved by precisely controlling both the quantity and location of carbon dioxide in the polymer chain. Preliminary studies show that polymers are stable in aqueous environments at room temperature over months, but they are rapidly degraded upon gentle heating in an acidic environment (60 °C, toluene, p-toluene sulfonic acid). The process is likely generally applicable to many other lactones, lactides, anhydrides, epoxides, and heterocumulenes and sets the scene for a host of new applications for CO2-derived polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
S. Sulley
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Georgina L. Gregory
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Thomas T. D. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Leticia Peña Carrodeguas
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Gemma Trott
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Alba Santmarti
- Department
of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department
of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Terrill
- Beamline
I22, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hou W, Wang G, Wu X, Sun S, Zhao C, Liu WS, Pan F. Lanthanide clusters as highly efficient catalysts regarding carbon dioxide activation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide clusters display a wide substrate scope and high catalytic activity for the insertion of CO2 into epoxides to form cyclic carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Gang Wang
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Shuoyi Sun
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Chunyang Zhao
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wei-Sheng Liu
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Lanzhou University
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Su YC, Tsui CH, Tsai CY, Ko BT. Highly active bimetallic nickel catalysts for alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalyst 1 was reported for the first time to be effective for nickel-catalyzed CO2/CHO copolymerization at 1 atm CO2 pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Tsui
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry
- Chinese Culture University
- Taipei 111
- Taiwan
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Nath BD, Takaishi K, Ema T. Macrocyclic multinuclear metal complexes acting as catalysts for organic synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in homogeneous catalysis with macrocyclic multinuclear metal complexes (categories A–C) is overviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Dev Nath
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Deacy AC, Durr CB, Williams CK. Heterodinuclear complexes featuring Zn(ii) and M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii) for cyclohexene oxide and CO 2 copolymerisation. Dalton Trans 2019; 49:223-231. [PMID: 31815257 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02918d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ring opening copolymerisation of CO2 and epoxides is a useful means to valorise waste emissions and to reduce pollution in polymer manufacturing. Heterodinuclear catalysts, particularly those of Zn(ii)/Mg(ii), have shown better performances than homodinuclear analogues in this reaction. As part of on-going efforts to better understand the catalytic synergy, this work describes a series of heterodinuclear complexes, combining Zn(ii) with a metal from Group 13 (M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii)). The complexes are synthesised from a symmetrical macrocyclic ligand in high yields via sequential metalation steps and are the thermodynamic reaction products. The Zn(ii)/Group 13 complexes are effective homogeneous catalysts for the ring opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of cyclohexene oxide at 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide, but all show inferior performances compared to the di-zinc analogue. The CO2 uptake into the polymer increases in the order Al(iii) < Ga(iii) < In(iii) which is attributed to lower Lewis acidity heavier Group 13 homologues showing a reduced tendency to form ether linkages. Concurrently, polycarbonate activity increases down the Group 13 series consistent with weaker metal-oxygen bonds which show enhanced lability to insertion reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Li MH, Liu GL, Su YC, Ko BT. Nickel-catalyzed copolymerization of carbon dioxide with internal epoxides by di-nuclear bis(benzotriazole iminophenolate) complexes. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
79
|
Anderson TS, Kozak CM. Ring-opening polymerization of epoxides and ring-opening copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides by a zinc amino-bis(phenolate) catalyst. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
80
|
Efficient CO2 transformation under ambient condition by heterobimetallic rare earth complexes: Experimental and computational evidences of a synergistic effect. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
81
|
Wang K, Prior TJ, Redshaw C. Turning on ROP activity in a bimetallic Co/Zn complex supported by a [2+2] Schiff-base macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11279-11282. [PMID: 31475709 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Homo-dinuclear Co and Zn complexes derived from the macrocycle LH2, {[2-(OH)-5-(R)-C6H2-1,3-(CH)2][CH2CH2(2-C6H4N)2]}2 (R = Me, tBu), revealed near inactivity for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic esters δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL). By contrast, the hetero-bimetallic complexes [LCo(NCMe)(μ-Br)ZnBr]·nMeCN (n = 3 or 3.25) were found to be efficient catalysts for the ROP of ε-CL and δ-VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Su YC, Tsai CY, Huang LS, Lin CH, Ko BT. Synthesis and characterization of di-nuclear bis(benzotriazole iminophenolate) cobalt complexes: catalysis for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12239-12249. [PMID: 31339119 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of di-nuclear bis(benzotriazole iminophenolate) (BiIBTP) cobalt complexes containing diverse ancillary carboxylate derivatives have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The one-pot synthesis of the BiIBTP ligand precursor with cobalt perchlorate salt (2.0 equiv.) and carboxylic acid derivatives (2.0 or 5.0 equiv.) in the presence of triethylamine (5.0 equiv.) under refluxing methanolic solution generated bimetallic di-carboxylate Co(ii)/Co(ii) complexes [(C83CBiIBTP)Co2(O2CR)2] (R = C6H5 (1), C6F5 (2), 4-CF3-C6H4 (3), 4-OMe-C6H4 (4), CF3 (5)) in ≧65% yields. Interestingly, the Co(ii)/Co(iii) mixed-valence complex 6 resulted from the treatment of 1 with silver perchlorate (1.0 equiv.) as the oxidizing agent under an O2-atmosphere in 50% yield. The crystal structure of 6 reveals an ionic and di-nuclear benzoate species composed of a cationic moiety formulated as [(C83CBiIBTP)Co2(O2CC6H5)2]+ and a counterbalanced perchlorate anion, and both metal atoms are attributed to hexa-coordinated cobalt ions with varied coordination environments. Catalysis results of CO2/epoxide copolymerization indicated that complex 1 was more efficient than 2-6 where compound 6 was shown to be the least active. Co complex 1 incorporating benzoate coligands was demonstrated to effectively catalyze the CO2-copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO), 4-vinyl-1,2-cyclohexene oxide or cyclopentene oxide, producing the associated CO2-based polycarbonates with >99% carbonate repeated units under optimal conditions. Not only the controllable character of complex 1 for CO2/CHO copolymerization is enabled, but also 1 has been shown to catalyze such a copolymerization in the "immortal" manner. Using the same di-cobalt catalyst in combination with excess ratios of neopentyl glycol (up to 150 equiv.) as the chain transfer agent could give low molecular weight poly(cyclohexene carbonate) polyols with monomodal molecular weight distributions. This work offers the facilely prepared di-nuclear cobalt complexes as catalysts for the efficient catalysis of CO2-copolymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Hua L, Li B, Han C, Gao P, Wang Y, Yuan D, Yao Y. Synthesis of Homo- and Heteronuclear Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Stabilized by Ethanolamine-Bridged Bis(phenolato) Ligands and Their Application in Catalyzing Reactions of CO2 and Epoxides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8775-8786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiting Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sobrino S, Navarro M, Fernández-Baeza J, Sánchez-Barba LF, Garcés A, Lara-Sánchez A, Castro-Osma JA. Efficient CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates catalyzed by NNO-scorpionate zinc complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10733-10742. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral bifunctional and bicomponent NNO-scorpionate zinc-based catalysts have been developed for the fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates with broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance under mild and solvent-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sobrino
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Marta Navarro
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Departamento de Biología y Geología
- Física y Química Inorgánica
- Móstoles-28933-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Departamento de Biología y Geología
- Física y Química Inorgánica
- Móstoles-28933-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Departamento de Biología y Geología
- Física y Química Inorgánica
- Móstoles-28933-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Campus Universitario
- 13071-Ciudad Real
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Departamento de Química Inorgańica
- Orgańica y Bioquímica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO–CINQA)
- Facultad de Farmacia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Raman SK, Raja R, Arnold PL, Davidson MG, Williams CK. Waste not, want not: CO 2 (re)cycling into block polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7315-7318. [PMID: 31172996 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A new way to combine two different polymerisation reactions, using a single catalyst, results in efficient block polymer synthesis. The selective polymerisation of mixtures of l-lactide-O-carboxyanhydride and cyclohexene oxide, using a di-zinc catalyst in a one-pot procedure, allows the preparation of poly(l-lactide-b-cyclohexene carbonate). The catalysis near quantitatively recycles the carbon dioxide released during polyester formation into the subsequent polycarbonate block, with an atom economy of up to of 91%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumesh K Raman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|