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Lewis MW, Babbage DR, Leathem JM. Assessing executive performance during cognitive rehabilitation. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2011; 21:145-63. [PMID: 21229458 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2010.543867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning influences a host of other cognitive processes and people who attend neuropsychological services are more likely to display executive dysfunction than any other cognitive deficit (Stuss & Levine, 2002). Impairment in executive functioning disrupts a person's ability to effectively employ their intact areas of functioning, and undermines effective self-management of other areas of dysfunction, hampering attempts to employ compensatory strategies. Therefore, assessment of a person's executive functioning is a high priority as part of a comprehensive neurorehabilitation plan. Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model (ICF model; Peterson, 2005), we suggest that an important development in the field is moving to formal assessment of executive performance in functional contexts, in addition to more traditional assessment of executive impairment. We outline a number of existing studies in this area, review current measures that can provide clinicians with useful information on these issues, and discuss how this research could be further advanced.
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Dickerson AE, Reistetter T, Davis ES, Monahan M. Evaluating Driving as a Valued Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. Am J Occup Ther 2011; 65:64-75. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2011.09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kottorp A, Petersson I. Psychometric evaluation of an assessment of awareness using two different Rasch models. Scand J Occup Ther 2010; 18:219-30. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2010.521947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ohman A, Nygård L, Kottorp A. Occupational performance and awareness of disability in mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Scand J Occup Ther 2010; 18:133-42. [PMID: 20334589 DOI: 10.3109/11038121003645993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Limited awareness of disabilities is common in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In order to get a broader base in planning interventions, it is important to consider a person's awareness of his/her disability encountered in performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational performance and awareness of disability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Thirty-five older adults were evaluated with the AMPS (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills) and with the AAD (Assessment of Awareness of Disability). Many-faceted Rasch models generated individual measures of ADL performance and awareness of disability. Non-parametric correlation statistics were used to analyse the relationships. The findings showed that there was an overall positive relationship between occupational performance and awareness of disability. However, individual variations in the sample implied that limitations in performance were not equivalent to a limited awareness of disability. In conclusion, awareness of disability should be individually evaluated when planning interventions together with clients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Ohman
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Patomella AH, Tham K, Johansson K, Kottorp A. P-Drive on-road: Internal scale validity and reliability of an assessment of on-road driving performance in people with neurological disorders. Scand J Occup Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/11038120903071776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Malinowsky C, Nygård L, Kottorp A. Psychometric evaluation of a new assessment of the ability to manage technology in everyday life. Scand J Occup Ther 2009; 18:26-35. [DOI: 10.3109/11038120903420606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Peny-Dahlstrand M, Ahlander AC, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Gosman-Hedström G. Quality of performance of everyday activities in children with spina bifida: a population-based study. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:1674-9. [PMID: 19583706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the performance of everyday activities in children with spina bifida. METHODS Fifty children with spina bifida (of 65 children in a geographic cohort), aged 6 to 14 years, were evaluated with Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. RESULTS Compared with age-normative values, 60% of the children with spina bifida were found to have motor ability measures below 2 SD and 48% process ability measures below 2 SD. Most of the children with spina bifida had difficulties performing well-known everyday activities in an effortless, efficient and independent way, relating to both motor and process skills. The motor skills hardest to accomplish involved motor planning and the process skills hardest to accomplish were adaptation of performance and initiations of new steps, thus actually getting the task done. CONCLUSION To reach autonomy in life, children with spina bifida may need particular guidance to learn not only how to do things but also how to get things done.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peny-Dahlstrand
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Dickerson A, Reistetter T, Trujillo L. Using an IADL Assessment to Identify Older Adults Who Need a Behind-the-Wheel Driving Evaluation. J Appl Gerontol 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464809340153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational therapists need to routinely assess driving ability in hospital and/or rehabilitation settings. The purpose of this study is to determine if the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), an observational tool of instrumental activities of daily living, could discriminate between older adult drivers who pass, pass with restrictions, or fail a behind-the-wheel (BTW) evaluation. Forty-six participants were evaluated with a BTW driving assessment and the AMPS. Two one-way ANOVAs found significant differences for both the motor and process scores suggesting the AMPS can be used as a screening tool for driving. Results also showed no significant difference in age between those participants who passed, failed, or needed restrictions supporting the concept that driving abilities are related more to function, not age. Exploration of minimum scores is discussed.
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Patomella AH, Caneman G, Kottorp A, Tham K. Identifying scale and person response validity of a new assessment of driving ability. Scand J Occup Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/11038120410020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Patomella AH, Kottorp A, Tham K. Awareness of driving disability in people with stroke tested in a simulator. Scand J Occup Ther 2009; 15:184-92. [DOI: 10.1080/11038120802087600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Thelander VB, Wahlin TBR, Olofsson L, Heikkilä K, Sonde L. Gardening activities for nursing home residents with dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14038190701256469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lange B, Spagnolo K, Fowler B. Using the assessment of motor and process skills to measure functional change in adults with severe traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. Aust Occup Ther J 2009; 56:89-96. [PMID: 20854497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To measure functional change in 10 adults following severe traumatic brain injury using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). METHODS This clinical pilot study used a standardised occupational therapy tool, the AMPS, to measure motor and process scores during activities of daily living, for over 3 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. RESULTS Wilcoxon signed ranks tests indicate significant improvement in motor and process scores from initial assessment to repeat evaluation (z = -2.70, p = 0.01; z = -2.81, P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The AMPS measured statistically and clinically significant change in motor and process abilities over 3 weeks of neurosurgical rehabilitation. Findings suggest that the AMPS is a sensitive measure of functional change for the study sample and timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Lange
- Occupational Therapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. bridget.lange@optusnet
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Evenhuis HM, Sjoukes L, Koot HM, Kooijman AC. Does visual impairment lead to additional disability in adults with intellectual disabilities? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2009; 53:19-28. [PMID: 18771511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses the question to what extent visual impairment leads to additional disability in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHOD In a multi-centre cross-sectional study of 269 adults with mild to profound ID, social and behavioural functioning was assessed with observant-based questionnaires, prior to expert assessment of visual function. With linear regression analysis the percentage of variance, explained by levels of visual function, was calculated for the total population and per ID level. RESULTS A total of 107/269 participants were visually impaired or blind (WHO criteria). On top of the decrease by ID visual impairment significantly decreased daily living skills, communication & language, recognition/communication. Visual impairment did not cause more self-absorbed and withdrawn behaviour or anxiety. Peculiar looking habits correlated with visual impairment and not with ID. In the groups with moderate and severe ID this effect seems stronger than in the group with profound ID. CONCLUSION Although ID alone impairs daily functioning, visual impairment diminishes the daily functioning even more. Timely detection and treatment or rehabilitation of visual impairment may positively influence daily functioning, language development, initiative and persistence, social skills, communication skills and insecure movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Evenhuis
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of General Practice, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pain characteristics and their association with quality of life and self-concept in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy identified from a population register. Clin J Pain 2008; 24:335-42. [PMID: 18427232 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0b013e318162eae0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and characterize the prevalence and quality of pain in a population-based community sample of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. METHODS Outcomes were assessed from 2 domains of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: body structure/function (upper limb spans, modified Ashworth scale, Tardieu scale, sensory function), activities-participation (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and self-perception (Harter Self-Perception Profile). RESULTS There were 107 participants of age (mean, 95% confidence interval) 8.94 years (8.23 to 9.65); 61 (57%) were boys and 58 (54%) had hemiplegia affecting the right side. Fifty-one (48%) reported pain. Pain mostly affected the involved side (n=28, 55%) and lower limb (n=19, 37%). Eighteen (35%) reported moderate to severe pain. Thirty-five (69%) said pain impacted on movement/activity and was of an aching quality (n=29, 57%). Mean (95% confidence interval) quality of life according to Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was significantly lower for children experiencing pain compared with children experiencing no pain [parent 50.2 (45.9 to 54.5) vs. 60.1 (55.1 to 65.1), P<0.01; child 60.5 (55.4 to 65.6) vs. 75.8 (68.4 to 83.2), P<0.01]. The self-perception domains of Scholastic Competence [no pain, 3.02 (2.78 to 3.26); pain, 2.55 (2.31 to 2.79) P<0.01] and Behavioral Competence [no pain, 3.33 (3.07 to 3.60); pain, 2.88 (2.70 to 3.06) P<0.01] were significantly lower in children with pain aged > or =8 years. DISCUSSION Pain is common in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy with qualities suggesting a nociceptive origin. Pain is associated with lower quality of life and self-perception. Results suggest clinicians should assess and actively manage pain in this population.
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Kottorp A. The Use of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) in Predicting Need of Assistance for Adults with Mental Retardation. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.3928/15394492-20080301-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is associated with global aspects of community functioning, it is critical to evaluate whether the information gained from specific ADL assessments contributes to a reliable prediction of the overall amount of assistance needed for a person to function in the community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive use of an ADL assessment, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), to determine which people with mental retardation need support or assistance to function in the community. A sample of 380 data records from the AMPS international database of people with various levels of mental retardation was included in the study. Many-faceted Rasch analyses and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The results indicated that only the AMPS ADL process ability measures contributed significantly and substantially to the prediction of the level of assistance required to function in the community for individuals with mild to moderate mental retardation when used in conjunction with age, gender, and level of mental retardation. The results have clinical implications for occupational therapists working with these people because ADL process ability can be improved by occupational therapy interventions.
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Russo RN, Crotty M, Miller MD, Murchland S, Flett P, Haan E. Upper-limb botulinum toxin A injection and occupational therapy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy identified from a population register: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2007; 119:e1149-58. [PMID: 17452491 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of botulinum toxin A and occupational therapy compared with occupational therapy alone on body structure, activities participation, and self-perception in a sample of children (aged 3-16 years) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy recruited from a statewide register. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants of this single-blind, randomized, controlled trial identified from a population-based cerebral palsy register received either an individually prescribed and localized injection of botulinum toxin A with 4 sessions of occupational therapy over 4 weeks (intervention) or occupational therapy alone (control). Outcomes were assessed from 2 domains of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: body structure (Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale) and activities participation (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, Goal Attainment Scale, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Self-perception was also measured. RESULTS All of the participants (intervention: n = 21; control: n = 22) provided data at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Mean age was 8.6 years; 23 were boys and 20 were girls. At 3 months, children allocated to receive the intervention performed significantly better in terms of body structure and activities participation. They reported improvements in self-perception for the global self-worth domain. At 6 months, the differences between the intervention and control groups persisted for the measures of body structure but not for activities participation or self-perception. CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin A injection combined with a low-intensity occupational therapy program achieves significant improvements in body structure, activity participation, and self-perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo N Russo
- Flinders University Department of Rehabilitation and Aged Care, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia, Australia.
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Hallgren M, Kottorp A. Effects of occupational therapy intervention on activities of daily living and awareness of disability in persons with intellectual disabilities. Aust Occup Ther J 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2005.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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