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Kajbafzadeh AM, Arshadi H, Payabvash S, Salmasi AH, Najjaran-Tousi V, Sahebpor ARA. Proximal Hypospadias With Severe Chordee: Single Stage Repair Using Corporeal Tunica Vaginalis Free Graft. J Urol 2007; 178:1036-42; discussion 1042. [PMID: 17632178 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the results of corporeal tunica vaginalis free graft for single stage correction of severe chordee in children with proximal hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 children with proximal hypospadias and severe chordee underwent tunica vaginalis free graft for correction of chordee and urethroplasty. The graft was anastomosed to the ventral surface of the corpus cavernosum to correct severe penile curvature without dorsal plication of the corpus cavernosum. Single stage urethroplasty was then performed. In cases where the urethral plate was too short for urethral reconstruction a transverse preputial island flap was used for single stage urethroplasty. If the incised urethral plate did not have a well vascularized and supple appearance or the prepuce was not sufficient for phallic coverage, we transected the urethral plate and staged urethroplasty was done. RESULTS Mean followup was 27.5 months. In 13 patients ventral chordee was corrected using tunica vaginalis free graft without transecting the urethral plate, and urethroplasty was performed in 1 stage. In 3 patients the urethral plate was transected and a transverse preputial island flap was used for single stage urethroplasty. In 2 patients the urethral plate was transected and interposed with dermal graft and tunica vaginalis free graft, followed by staged urethroplasty. There was mild residual chordee in 2 cases. One child had a urethrocutaneous fistula at 2 weeks postoperatively, and 1 presented with obstructive pattern uroflowmetry due to meatal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary report the majority of patients with proximal hypospadias and severe chordee were successfully treated with single stage repair using tunica vaginalis free graft for correction of severe chordee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sedberry-Ross S, Stisser BC, Henderson CG, Rushton HG, Belman AB. Split prepuce in situ onlay hypospadias repair: 17 years of experience. J Urol 2007; 178:1663-7. [PMID: 17707028 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report our 17-year experience using split prepuce in situ onlay hypospadias repair, including long-term followup of the first 100 patients initially reported on in 1998. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 421 patients who underwent in situ onlay repair. Charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine preoperative management, intraoperative details and complications. RESULTS In situ onlay repair was used to repair glanular hypospadias in 22 cases (5.2%), coronal hypospadias in 184 (43.7%), distal shaft hypospadias in 152 (36.1%), mid shaft hypospadias in 51 (12.1%), proximal shaft hypospadias in 7 (1.6%) and hypospadias in the penoscrotal region in 5 (1.2%). Repair was successful with 1 procedure in 376 patients (89.4%), which increased to 99.8% after a second procedure. Complications were defined as any problem that gave the surgeon or family reason for concern. Functional complications requiring reoperation occurred in 45 patients (10.6%). Minor complications requiring simple procedures or early postoperative evaluation occurred in 17 patients (4%). Concerns not requiring intervention occurred in 27 patients (6.4%). There were no urethral strictures. Three patients (0.7%) were lost to followup. Repair is pending in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS In situ onlay repair preserves the urethral plate and allows the formation of a well vascularized flap with adequate tissue to completely cover the neourethra, resulting in a low rate of major complications. With longer followup, inclusion of more mid shaft repairs and expansion to more proximal degrees of hypospadias our complication rates are higher than previously reported but there have been no urethral strictures in 17 years of experience. Since complications present at a median of 158 days (mean 570) after the procedure, long-term followup is indicated.
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Bhat A. Extended urethral mobilization in incised plate urethroplasty for severe hypospadias: a variation in technique to improve chordee correction. J Urol 2007; 178:1031-5. [PMID: 17632146 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The feasibility of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in proximal hypospadias with severe chordee was studied after correction of chordee by extended urethral mobilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Boys with severe hypospadias who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty were included. A total of 34 patients (28 with proximal penile/penoscrotal hypospadias and 6 with scrotal hypospadias) 18 months to 13 years old (mean 5 years) with severe hypospadias underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty between January 1999 and March 2006. A Gittes test was performed to assess the chordee after penile degloving and preservation of the urethral plate. Subsequently, the urethral plate with divergent corpus spongiosum and proximal healthy urethra were mobilized up to the bulbar urethra. Glanular chordee was corrected by mobilizing the urethral plate into the glans. The urethral plate was tubularized with or without incision and spongioplasty to complete the urethroplasty. RESULTS Chordee correction was possible by mobilization of the urethral plate with corpus spongiosum from the meatus to the glans and the proximal urethra up to the bulbar region in 88% of the cases. Mean followup was 23 months (range 6 months to 3 years). Overall complication rate was 12% (fistula in 3 patients, meatal stenosis in 1). Two patients (6%) required dorsal plication, and in 2 (6%) the urethral plate had to be divided to correct the chordee. No patient had residual chordee during followup. CONCLUSIONS The technique of chordee correction by mobilization of the urethral plate and proximal urethra with preservation of the urethral plate is simple and effective, and enlarges the scope of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in severe hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilal Bhat
- Department of Urology, S. P. Medical College Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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54
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty has become a popular technique for repairing distal and proximal hypospadias in many institutions. Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty has been used in our institution since 2003 to reduce the risk of meatal stenosis. In the present study, we evaluated the results of the dorsal inlay graft procedure. METHODS A total of 28 patients with no deep groove and no severe curvature underwent one-stage urethroplasty using an inner preputial-based dorsal inlay graft. The medical records of all patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to complication rate and cosmetic appearance. RESULTS Mean patient age at surgery was 21 months (range, 14 months to 4.6 years). Preoperatively the urethral meatus was coronal in two cases, distal shaft in 17, proximal shaft in six and penoscrotal in three. Nine patients required testosterone therapy before surgery. Mean operative time was 200 min (range, 154-249 min). Mean length of inlay graft was 20.9 mm (range, 12-30 mm). In all patients, a straight penis was achieved without dorsal plication of the corposa cavernosa, and the neomeatus with a slit-like appearance was positioned at the glans tip. At a mean of 22 months of follow up, a urethrocutaneous fistula developed in only one patient (3.6%), requiring repair surgery 6 months after urethroplasty. No patient had meatal stenosis, neourethral stricture or urethral diverticulum along the inlay graft. CONCLUSION Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty is an effective method for hypospadiac repair and leads to good cosmetic outcome with low risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Kiyose Children's Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Aslan AR, Yücebaş E, Tekin A, Sengör F, Kogan BA. Short-term catheterization after TIP repair in distal hypospadias: who are the best candidates? Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23:265-9. [PMID: 17093993 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty has become the first choice of surgical technique in patients with distal hypospadias. Despite the excellent cosmetic and functional results, prolonged catheterization (7-14 days) remains the main disadvantage of the TIP repair. In this study, we investigated the outcomes of the short-term catheterization in children with distal hypospadias in order to elucidate any relationship between the length of catheterization and the patients' age, meatal localization and postoperative complication rates. The charts of 183 patients who underwent TIP repair for distal hypospadias in two different centers were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped based on their catheter removal time (before 24 h vs. after 24 h) and the toilet status of children (toilet-trained vs. in-diaper). Children who had at least 6 months of follow-up and regular office visits were included in the study group, and the results were compared to the literature as well as the subgroups were also evaluated in terms of complications and catheterization period. A total of 128 patients with 40.4 months of the mean age (6-180 months) and 22.7 months of the follow-up (6-49 months) were included in the study. For the group 1 patients (n = 99) in whom the urethral catheter was removed before 24 h, the mean age and follow-up were 33.4 months (6-150 months) and 22.3 months (6-48 months), respectively. The catheters of group 2 patients (n = 29) were removed after 24 h, and their mean age and follow-up were 64.4 months (6-180 months) and 24.2 months (6-49 months), respectively. The group 2 patients were significantly older than those of group 1 (P < 0.05). The complications, such as fistula, meatal stenosis, tube dehiscence and buried penis, were seen in 11.1% of the group 1 and 13.8% of the group 2 (11.7% in overall), showing no statistically significant difference. On the other hand, 44% of the patients (n = 56) were toilet-trained at time of surgery. Although the mean age (79 months vs. 10.4 months) and the catheter removal time (64.3% vs. 87.5% before 24 h) of this group were significantly longer than the patients in diaper (P < 0.05), no significant difference was determined in terms of complication (14.2% vs. 9.7%). TIP repair with short-term catheterization has similar outcomes to the patients who conventionally carry their stent 7-14 days. The meatal position and the toileting status of the patients are not important in the use and length of catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet R Aslan
- Division of Urology, Haydarpaşa Numune Research & Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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56
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Snodgrass W, Yucel S. Tubularized Incised Plate for Mid Shaft and Proximal Hypospadias Repair. J Urol 2007; 177:698-702. [PMID: 17222659 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report outcomes from tubularized incised plate repair of mid shaft and proximal hypospadias by a single surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chart review of all patients undergoing mid shaft and proximal hypospadias was performed. Those with tubularized incised plate were divided into 2 groups for mid shaft and proximal repairs. Group 1 underwent single layer urethroplasty using chromic catgut suture, while group 2 underwent 2-layer polyglactin subepithelial closure. All patients had a dartos barrier flap, while spongioplasty was also done in group 2 when possible. RESULTS A total of 30 patients underwent mid shaft repairs, while 35 had more proximal defects. Complication rates for mid shaft repairs did not differ between the 2 groups, and averaged 13%. However, complications in mid shaft vs proximal repairs (37%) were significantly different (p = 0.04). Overall complications (53% vs 25%) and incidence of fistulas (33% vs 10%) decreased in proximal repairs from group 1 to 2. CONCLUSIONS Tubularized incised plate repair was applicable for all mid shaft hypospadias cases and for those more proximal cases when ventral curvature could be straightened without plate transection and the incised plate was grossly supple. Outcomes were improved using 2-layer subepithelial tubularization of the neourethra. Results of mid shaft vs proximal hypospadias repairs are significantly different and should be reported separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Snodgrass
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Husmann DA, Rathbun SR. Long-Term Followup of Visual Internal Urethrotomy for Management of Short (Less Than 1 Cm) Penile Urethral Strictures Following Hypospadias Repair. J Urol 2006; 176:1738-41. [PMID: 16945637 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed the results of direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) penile urethral strictures following hypospadias surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with less than 1 cm anterior penile urethral strictures located proximal to the meatus underwent direct vision urethrotomy. Based on the type of initial urethroplasty patients were randomly divided into treatment with direct vision urethrotomy vs direct vision urethrotomy plus clean intermittent catheterization for 3 months. Success was defined as absent obstructive voiding symptoms and a normal urine flow 2 years following the last patient instrumentation. RESULTS Of patients with urethral strictures following hypospadias repair 44% (32) had previously undergone tubularized graft urethroplasty and 56% (40) had previously undergone flap urethroplasty, including a tubularized island flap in 18, an onlay flap in 11 and urethral plate urethroplasty in 11. Direct vision urethrotomy alone was performed in 51% of patients (37), and direct vision urethrotomy and clean intermittent catheterization were performed in 49% (35). Success with the 2 methods was similar, that is 24% (9 of 37 patients) vs 22% (8 of 35). Following direct vision urethrotomy all patients with tubularized graft urethroplasty showed failure (0 of 32). Success was noted in 11% of patients (2 of 18) with tubularized island flap urethroplasty compared to 72% (8 of 11) with onlay urethroplasty and 63% (7 of 11) with urethral plate urethroplasty (each p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of clean intermittent catheterization to direct vision urethrotomy does not improve the likelihood of success. Direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) urethral stricture usually fails following any type of tubularized graft or flap urethroplasty but it had moderate success following onlay flap and urethral plate urethroplasties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Husmann
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.
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Germiyanoğlu C, Nuhoğlu B, Ayyildiz A, Akgül KT. Investigation of factors affecting result of distal hypospadias repair: comparison of two techniques. Urology 2006; 68:182-5. [PMID: 16806428 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Revised: 12/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors affecting the results, as well as the success of two techniques, by retrospectively investigating cases of distal hypospadias in which the patients had undergone Mathieu urethroplasty or tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 117 patients who underwent distal hypospadias repair. A percutaneous suprapubic catheter (Cistofix) and urethral split catheter were placed as a diversion in the 41 patients undergoing Mathieu urethroplasty. The Cistofix and urethral catheter were placed in 35 patients and a urethral catheter was placed in 41 of the patients who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. The success rates were compared according to the surgical technique, age, hypospadias status (primary or secondary), type of urinary diversion, and presence of chordee. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in the success rate was found between the two techniques. Furthermore, the different types of diversion used in tubularized incised plate urethroplasty did not affect the success rate. When the success of primary hypospadias repair (n = 84) was compared with secondary hypospadias repair (n = 33), success in patients with secondary hypospadias was low. No difference was observed when operational success was compared in terms of patient age (older versus younger than 5 years of age) or the presence or absence of chordee. CONCLUSIONS Our results have shown that tubularized incised plate urethroplasty should be preferred for distal hypospadias because of the better cosmetic results, invasive urinary diversions should be avoided, and the most importance should be given to the initial surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankon Germiyanoğlu
- Urology Clinic, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Teaching Hospital, II, Ankara, Turkey
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59
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Amukele SA, Weiser AC, Stock JA, Hanna MK. Results of 265 consecutive proximal hypospadias repairs using the Thiersch-Duplay principle. J Urol 2006; 172:2382-3. [PMID: 15538273 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000143880.13698.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We review the evolution of the concept of tubularization of the urethral plate and our results in the repair of proximal hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 281 children born with proximal hypospadias underwent Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty with or without a midline incision of the urethral plate between 1989 and 1998. Followup data were available in 265 children. RESULTS Excellent functional and cosmetic results were achieved in 88.7% of the patients. The use of either a dartos or tunica vaginalis flap to waterproof the urethral suture line resulted in a decrease in the fistula rate from 17% to 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS The principles of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty represent the basic foundation for surgical techniques that use the urethral plate to construct a urethral tube. The use of this principle in the repair of proximal hypospadias compares favorably with other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Amukele
- Department of Urology, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
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60
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Cakan M, Yalçinkaya F, Demirel F, Aldemir M, Altuğ U. The midterm success rates of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in reoperative patients with distal or midpenile hypospadias. Pediatr Surg Int 2005; 21:973-6. [PMID: 16273372 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-005-1555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To review the midterm results of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty (Snodgrass method) in reoperative patients with distal or midpenile hypospadias. The results of TIP urethroplasty in 37 patients who had previously failed hypospadias repair were reviewed. Of the patients, 21 (56.8%) had coronal, 11 (29.7%) had subcoronal, and 5 (13.5%) had midpenile hypospadias. The mean age was 4.1 (2-16) years. Twenty-three patients had one operation and 14 patients had two operations previously. Of all the patients, 14 did not have a foreskin because of circumcision. The urethral plate had been disturbed in 6 patients, but there was not apparent scarring of the plate. Postoperative follow-up was 2.3 years with a range of 1.1-3.9 years. Genital examination, urethral calibration, and uroflowmetry were performed in control. Satisfaction of the families about the function and appearance of penis was also evaluated. Successful functional and cosmetic results were achieved in 29 patients (78.4%). All the families were happy with penile aesthetic appearance. The urethral plate seemed healthy at the operation in nine patients who had undergone TIP urethroplasty before and the outcomes were successful in eight of them. The operation was successful in 19/23 (82.6%) patients who had undergone one operation before and in 10/14 (71.4%) patients with two operations as well (P < 0.05). In addition, sufficient outcomes were obtained in also 11 of the 14 patients with circumcision. The success rate was higher in patients <5 years (P < 0.05). The rate was also higher during the recent period (2001-2003) since the experience we had increased (P < 0.05). TIP urethroplasty was unsatisfied in four of the six patients who had had disturbed urethral plate before and in five of eight patients who did not have sufficient amount of dartos tissue for flap to cover neourethra. Complication was observed in eight patients (21.6%): four had a pinpoint fistula, two had wound dehiscence, one had meatal stenosis, and one had mild meatal regression and a short neourethral stricture. All of these complications were repaired successfully at a later date. The mean hospital stay was 4.6 days. TIP urethroplasty provides good functional and cosmetic midterm outcomes in most of the reoperative patients with distal or midpenile hypospadias unless contraindicated by previous resection or gross scarring of the urethral plate. This procedure seems not to disturb the urethral plate and, therefore, it can be applied on reoperative patients who had undergone TIP urethroplasty before. It can also be used in a circumcised patient when there is a lack of foreskin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cakan
- Department of Urology, SSK Ankara Training Hospital, Eskişehir Yolu 7. km, Bariş Sitesi 68/29 , Balgat-Ankara, Turkey.
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61
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Kamal BA. Double dartos flaps in tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair. Urology 2005; 66:1095-8. [PMID: 16286134 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Revised: 04/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the single dartos flap with double dartos flap coverage. Two overlapping layers of dartos flap were fashioned and fixed in front of the neourethra after tubularized incised plate hypospadias repair to prevent urethrocutaneous fistula and glanular torsion. METHODS A total of 96 boys with distal hypospadias were treated with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 (54 patients) had a single dartos flap covering. Group 2 (42 patients) had double dartos flap coverings. The dissected dorsal dartos flap was bisected vertically to form two pedicled wings. Each wing was rotated laterally from either side of the glans to cover the neourethra ventrally in a double-layer fashion. RESULTS In group 1, 2 patients (3.7%) developed fistula, 49 (90.7%) had mild glanular torsion, and 5 (9.3%) had moderate glanular torsion. None of group 2 developed fistula or glanular torsion postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Double dartos flaps covering of the neourethra is a simple procedure that was superior to single flap covering for the prevention of urethrocutaneous fistula after tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Glanular torsion did not occur when double dartos flaps were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baher Aly Kamal
- Department of Urology, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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62
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Patel RP, Shukla AR, Austin JC, Canning DA. Modified tubularized transverse preputial island flap repair for severe proximal hypospadias. BJU Int 2005; 95:901-4. [PMID: 15794807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Paediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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63
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of tubularized incised-plate (TIP) urethroplasty for distal and midshaft hypospadias in adults, and to underline technical aspects to decrease complications. PATIENT AND METHODS From December 1999 to January 2004, 13 patients with hypospadias and aged 18-26 years had a TIP urethroplasty as a primary repair. Five had distal penile and eight had midshaft hypospadias. In all cases a TIP urethroplasty was used as described for children. Urinary drainage was by a urethral Nelaton catheter connected to a urine bag. RESULTS The catheter was removed after 10 days and the patients asked to attend a follow-up at 1, 3 and 6 months and then 6-monthly; the maximum follow-up was 3 years and the minimum was 3 months. One patient developed a fistula after the repair of distal penile hypospadias, which closed spontaneously after a month. All patients with a successful repair voided with a single straight urinary stream in a forward direction. They had a normally situated slit-like glanular meatus. CONCLUSION TIP repair in adults is associated good results. There is no difference in terms of wound healing, infection, complication rates and overall success between the TIP repair in children and adults. The cosmetic and functional outcome was comparable to that in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Sharma
- Solapur Kidney Care & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd, Urology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
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64
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Chatterjee US, Mandal MK, Basu S, Das R, Majhi T. Comparative study of dartos fascia and tunica vaginalis pedicle wrap for the tubularized incised plate in primary hypospadias repair. BJU Int 2004; 94:1102-4. [PMID: 15541136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.05111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a prospective comparative study on using dartos fascia, i.e. subcutaneous tissue of penile skin and tunica vaginalis pedicled wrap (TVPW) from the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis of the testis, for a one-stage tubularized incised-plate (TIP) repair for hypospadias. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine patients (mean age 4.6 years, range 1-22) with hypospadias of different types (varying from coronal to penoscrotal) were repaired in one of three hospitals over 3 years. All patients were repaired using the TIP technique, with dartos fascia wrap used in 20 and TVPW in 29, without using a loupe or microscope during surgery. Urinary diversion and splinting were provided by a urethral catheter. The operative duration for both groups was similar at approximately 2 h. RESULTS In the dartos fascia group there were three (15%) fistulae, but there were none in the TVPW group. CONCLUSIONS Although the dissection for TVPW seems to be cumbersome theoretically, it is not difficult. The combination of TIP and TVPW in primary repair may be a good alternative to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday S Chatterjee
- Paediatric Surgery & Urology, Park Children's Centre for Treatment & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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65
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Eliçevik M, Tireli G, Sander S. Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty: 5 Years’ Experience. Eur Urol 2004; 46:655-9; discussion 659. [PMID: 15474279 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in a series of primary hypospadias repairs. PATIENTS AND METHOD The medical records of 360 children (Mean age: 4.3 years, range: 2-14 years) with primary hypospadias undergoing TIP urethroplasty repair and treatment of complications were reviewed. A good result is a direct urinary steam through a slit and vertically oriented meatus and mild angled urinary stream through a slightly regressed meatus is a satisfactory result. RESULTS The sum of good (74%) and satisfactory results (3%) was the overall success rate (77%) which was increased to 95% after a second surgical procedure for the treatment of complications. In 30 patients with single fistula (8%), fistula healed spontaneously in 2 patients and 20 patients had successful fistula closure. Redo TIP urethroplasty (n = 30) was performed for dehiscence (n = 15, 3%), neourethral stricture (n = 3, 1%) and multiple fistula with meatal stenosis (n = 12, 3%). The complication rate after redo TIP urethroplasty is 30%. Twenty-four (7%) patients underwent meatoplasty for meatal stenosis. CONCLUSION TIP urethroplasty can be used to repair primary hypospadias. After a learning curve and attention to surgical details, cosmetic and functional outcome become excellent. Redo TIP urethroplasty can be performed in the treatment of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eliçevik
- SSK Bakirköy Maternity and Children's Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
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66
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Abstract
PURPOSE The repair of penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias with severe chordee may require division of the urethral plate to facilitate repair. While a 2-stage approach to these difficult cases has been advocated, we have used a modified tubularized transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) repair as a 1-stage procedure. We compare our results with both procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 1997 and 2001, 1 surgeon (DAC) performed 22 penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias repairs that required transection of the urethral plate. A TPIF or planned 2-stage repair was done in 12 and 10 boys, respectively. The TPIF was modified by suturing the medial edge of the island flap along the length of the corpora recreating a urethral plate and then tubularizing a neourethra. The 2-stage approach consisted first of mobilizing skin to the ventrum of the penis followed 6 to 12 months later by a urethroplasty. At followup cosmetic and functional results were assessed. RESULTS The TPIF and staged repair groups have been followed for a mean 24.5 and 43.5 months following the first repair, respectively. Of the 12 boys undergoing a TPIF 2 (16.7%) required a fistula repair or meatoplasty while 7 of 10 (70%) required at least 1 additional operation after the stage 2 urethroplasty (p <0.05). A mean of 1.6 additional repairs following the stage 2 urethroplasty was required. At last followup physical examination demonstrated a straight penis with distal meatus in 19 of 22 boys. Persistent complications include a concealed penis and recurrent fistula in 2 boys following a staged repair and glanular separation in 1 boy following TPIF. CONCLUSIONS In our experience the staged approach to the repair of severe hypospadias requires significantly more cumulative surgical attempts than the modified TPIF. Indeed, in the majority of our cases the so-called "2-stage hypospadias repair" was a misnomer. The TPIF offers a reliable 1-stage repair. We prefer this approach to staged repairs even for severe hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem R Shukla
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4399, USA
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Patel RP, Shukla AR, Snyder HM. THE ISLAND TUBE AND ISLAND ONLAY HYPOSPADIAS REPAIRS OFFER EXCELLENT LONG-TERM OUTCOMES: A 14-YEAR FOLLOWUP. J Urol 2004; 172:1717-9; discussion 1719. [PMID: 15371798 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000138903.20136.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have used an inner preputial flap as a transverse island tube (IT) for the 1-stage repair of proximal hypospadias when the urethral plate could not be preserved and as an island onlay flap (IO) when the urethral plate could be preserved for more than 20 years at our institution. We report long-term followup and an outcome comparison of these 2 techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our records for all patients who underwent proximal hypospadias repair with either the IT or IO procedure between 1981 and 1992 by 1 surgeon (HMS). We randomly contacted these former patients to undergo a long-term followup examination, consisting of postoperative history, physical examination and uroflowmetry with post-void residual measurement. A review of patient charts was completed for perioperative complications or the need for secondary procedures. RESULTS Patient information could be retrieved for 73 of 125 patients who underwent penoscrotal or more severe hypospadias repair with either the IT or IO procedure during the defined interval. We were able to contact 49 of these former patients following a minimum of 10 years and 30 patients agreed to return for a long-term followup examination. The IT and IO repairs were performed on 14 and 16 boys, respectively, at a mean age of 16.8 months (range 8 to 74). At a mean followup of 14.2 years for both groups (range 144 to 253 months) 2 boys in the IT group (14.2%) and none in the IO group had a fistula requiring repair. Distal stenosis requiring meatoplasty occurred in 1 and 2 patients in the IT and IO groups, respectively. There were no urethral strictures and uroflowmetry was available for 11 patients in the IT group and 14 in the IO groups with mean maximal flow rates of 17.3 and 21.8 ml per second (p = 0.343) and mean post-void residuals of 5.0 and 2.36 ml per second, respectively (p = 0.249). CONCLUSIONS Unlike other forms of substitution urethroplasty, vascularized flaps based on preputial skin appear to be unique in that they do not have the long-term stricture rate seen with substitution urethroplasty using nongenital skin. The IT and IO repairs provided excellent long-term cosmetic and functional results. As the IT does have a higher incidence of postoperative complications, we have continued to extend our application of the IO to more proximal hypospadias repairs with continued success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4399, USA
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El-Sherbiny MT, Hafez AT, Dawaba MS, Shorrab AA, Bazeed MA. Comprehensive analysis of tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty in primary and re-operative hypospadias. BJU Int 2004; 93:1057-61. [PMID: 15142164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2004.04781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively review our experience of the tubularized incised-plate (TIP) urethroplasty over the last 4 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1998 to December 2001, 133 patients (mean age 7 years, sd 4, range 1-22), had a TIP urethroplasty by one surgeon for primary (103) and re-operative (30) hypospadias; the defects included 106 (79%) distal and mid-shaft, and 27 (21%) posterior shaft. The neourethra was covered by a subcutaneous flap in 66 (50%) patients or by corpus spongiosa (spongioplasty) in 31 (23%), with no cover in the remaining 36 (27%). In the last 20 patients (15%) a modified meatoplasty was used; the site and size of the new meatus was predetermined on the glans around a suitable catheter before any incision. Urethral stents were not used after repair in 39 (29%) patients, and regular meatal dilation was used only in patients with voiding difficulty and obvious tendency to stenosis. The presence of complications requiring re-operation and overall general appearance were recorded. RESULTS The mean (sd) follow-up was 10 (5) months; there were 24 complications in 20 patients (15%), including a small fistula in 12 (9%), complete disruption of the repair in 4 (3%), meatal stenosis in seven (5%) and neourethral stricture in one (0.8%). Complications were not significantly different between primary and re-operative cases, and unaffected by the use of the stents. On univariate analysis complications were significantly higher with running than interrupted sutures, in repairs in the first 2 years of the study, in patients with posterior hypospadias, and in those with no neourethral coverage. However, the last two factors were the only significant independent risk factors in a multivariate analysis. Regular urethral dilatation was indicated in 43 patients (32%). Modified meatoplasty was associated with a significantly lower requirement for regular dilatation (P < 0.05) and no meatal stenosis. In the 113 complication-free patients the operation gave an excellent cosmetic appearance with a vertical slit meatus on the tip of conical glans in 110 (97%); there was slight meatal retraction in the remaining three patients. CONCLUSION The TIP repair is a reliable method for treating both distal and proximal penile shaft hypospadias, is suitable for both primary and re-operative cases, and is more versatile than other repairs. Covering the neourethra with a flap or spongioplasty significantly improves the results. Regular urethral dilatation is required in a third of patients but modified meatoplasty obviates the need for regular dilatation and eliminates the risk of meatal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T El-Sherbiny
- The Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt.
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69
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Affiliation(s)
- P D E Mouriquand
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Debrousse Hospital, Lyon, France.
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70
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Cheng EY, Kropp BP, Pope JC, Brock JW. Proximal Division of the Urethral Plate in Staged Hypospadias Repair. J Urol 2003; 170:1580-3; discussion 1584. [PMID: 14501666 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000084258.93064.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe a new technique for staged hypospadias repair in which the urethral plate is divided proximally at the time of the first stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 14 patients with proximal hypospadias associated with severe chordee were operated on using a new staged technique. At the time of the first stage the urethral plate was divided proximally at the level of the hypospadiac meatus. In 8 of 14 patients the intact plate was then incised and tubularized with the Snodgrass technique. In 6 patients the plate was tubularized at the time of the second stage. Correction of chordee was accomplished with dorsal plication and/or corporal body grafting. Byar's flaps were used to fill in the residual gap between the proximal hypospadiac meatus and the newly tubularized neourethra. The transposed flaps in the area of the urethral defect were then tubularized at the second stage. RESULTS Followup ranged from 6 months to 3 years. Complications included a proximal pinpoint fistula and diverticulum in 1 case. An additional patient also had formation of a mild diverticulum that has not required surgical revision. No patients have had any evidence of distal urethral stricture formation. CONCLUSIONS Proximal division of the urethral plate and application of the Snodgrass procedure to the staged repair of hypospadias have resulted in improved functional and cosmetic results. The major advantage of this new technique is preservation and use of the native urethral plate in the glans and subcoronal area. When complications occur with this technique, they are less severe compared to those of the traditional staged approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl Y Cheng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Decision making in hypospadias repair potentially can be simplified by tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty. The authors report management and outcomes in a consecutive series of primary hypospadias repairs in which the intent was to perform TIP. METHODS Records of 106 consecutive boys undergoing hypospadias repair by 1 surgeon were reviewed. Position of the meatus, degree and management of curvature, technical details of the urethroplasty, and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS Curvature was noted in 24 (23%) of patients, but could be corrected with preservation of the urethral plate in all but 3. In another boy, the incised plate was thought "unhealthy" for tubularization. The remaining 102 underwent TIP, of whom, 75 had distal and 27 had proximal hypospadias. Complications, primarily fistulas, occurred in 14 (13%) of these patients. The other 4 boys underwent staged repairs that utilized TIP for the glanular urethra at the second operation. CONCLUSIONS The authors found decision making was no longer determined by meatal location as in the past, but by severity of curvature and appearance of the incised urethral plate. Because severe curvature requiring plate transection or an "unhealthy" incised plate are uncommonly encountered, TIP repair can be performed for most hypospadias operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Sozubir
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
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Snodgrass W. Reply. BJU Int 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.t01-3-02967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty has now been successfully applied to all varieties of hypospadias. Given this versatility and the good cosmetic outcomes, the operation has achieved widespread popularity. We review important technical aspects of the repair. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Key steps include preservation of the urethral plate during correction of the ventral curvature, midline incision of the plate for urethroplasty, and subsequent glansplasty. Lessons learned from personal and published experiences are emphasized. CONCLUSIONS Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty is currently one of the most popular techniques for hypospadias repair. Attention to important surgical details is needed to obtain optimal functional and cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren T Snodgrass
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9063, USA
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