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Lee S, Rhim H, Kim YS, Kang TW, Song KD. Post-ablation des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level predicts prognosis in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2016; 36:580-7. [PMID: 26503910 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated whether pre- or post-ablation serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) levels can predict prognosis in patients with curative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We retrospectively analysed 412 patients with HBV-related single HCC treated with percutaneous RFA between January 2004 and December 2013. AFP and DCP levels were measured before (pre-ablation) and 1 month after treatment (post-ablation). We assessed predictive factors for overall and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS On univariate analysis, Child-Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, platelet count, tumour size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, and pre- and post-ablation DCP were significant for overall survival; and age, Child-Pugh score, MELD score, platelet count, tumour size, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score, BCLC stage, and pre- and post-ablation AFP and DCP were significant for recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in overall survival by MELD score and tumour size and in recurrence-free survival by BCLC stage. Among the tumour markers, post-ablation DCP was an independent prognostic factor for overall and recurrence-free survival [hazard ratio (HR), 3.438; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.331-8.877; P = 0.011 and HR, 4.934; 95% CI, 2.761-8.816; P < 0.001 respectively]. Post-ablation AFP was associated with recurrence-free survival (HR, 1.995; 95% CI, 1.476-2.697; P < 0.001) but not overall survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HBV-related HCC, post-ablation serum DCP is a useful biomarker for predicting survival and recurrence after curative RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunchul Rhim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-sun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Doo Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Review of Commonly Used Serum Tumor Markers and Their Relevance for Image Interpretation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016; 39:825-34. [PMID: 26248153 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serum tumor markers are firmly entrenched as one of the primary tools in an oncologist's armamentarium. They can be implemented in a broad range of applications from diagnostic assistance, assessing prognosis, or guiding therapeutic decisions. However, tumor markers also have limitations, which significantly impact how they should be used. Radiologists should be familiar with the following most prevalent tumor markers, which will all be discussed here: prostate-specific antigen (prostate), carcinoembryonic antigen (colon), α-fetoprotein (hepatocellular and testicular), carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (pancreas), cancer antigen 125 (ovarian), human chorionic gonadotropin/lactic dehydrogenase (testicular), and chromogranin A (neuroendocrine). This knowledge should avoid needless intervention, enhance image interpretation, and ultimately provide optimal patient care.
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Bertino G, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Rigano G, Frazzetto E, Demma S, Ruggeri MI, Scuderi L, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Rapisarda V, Di Carlo I, Toro A, Salomone F, Malaguarnera M, Bertino E, Malaguarnera M. Chronic hepatitis C: This and the new era of treatment. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:92-106. [PMID: 26807205 PMCID: PMC4716531 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years it has started a real revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This occurred for the availability of direct-acting antiviral agents that allow to reach sustained virologic response in approximately 90% of cases. In the near future further progress will be achieved with the use of pan-genotypic drugs with high efficacy but without side effects.
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Tessitore A, Cicciarelli G, Del Vecchio F, Gaggiano A, Verzella D, Fischietti M, Mastroiaco V, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Barnabei R, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Alesse E. MicroRNA expression analysis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression: study on C57BL/6J mice. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26728044 PMCID: PMC4700747 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent chronic liver disorder in developed countries. NAFLD can progress through the more severe non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, lastly, HCC. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of coding genes as well as deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) activity play a role in HCC development. In this study, the C57BL/6J mouse model was long term high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet fed, in order to analyze molecular mechanisms responsible for the hepatic damage progression. Methods Mice were HF or LF diet fed for different time points, then plasma and hepatic tissues were collected. Histological and clinical chemistry assays were performed to assess the progression of liver disease. MicroRNAs’ differential expression was evaluated on pooled RNAs from tissues, and some miRNAs showing dysregulation were further analyzed at the individual level. Results Cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase increase was detected in HF mice. Gross anatomical examination revealed hepatomegaly in HF livers, and histological analysis highlighted different degrees and levels of steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis in HF and LF animals, demonstrating the progression from NAFLD through NASH. Macroscopic nodules, showing typical neoplastic features, were observed in 20 % of HF diet fed mice. Fifteen miRNAs differentially expressed in HF with respect to LF hepatic tissues during the progression of liver damage, and in tumors with respect to HF non tumor liver specimens were identified. Among them, miR-340-5p, miR-484, miR-574-3p, miR-720, whose expression was never described in NAFLD, NASH and HCC tissues, and miR-125a-5p and miR-182, which showed early and significant dysregulation in the sequential hepatic damage process. Conclusions In this study, fifteen microRNAs which were modulated in hepatic tissues and in tumors during the transition NAFLD-NASH-HCC are reported. Besides some already described, new and early dysregulated miRNAs were identified. Functional analyses are needed to validate the results here obtained, and to better define the role of these molecules in the progression of the hepatic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2007-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Germana Cicciarelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Filippo Del Vecchio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Agata Gaggiano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mariafausta Fischietti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mastroiaco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Remo Barnabei
- S. Salvatore Hospital, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Abouzied MM, Eltahir HM, Fawzy MA, Abdel-Hamid NM, Gerges AS, El-Ibiari HM, Nazmy MH. Estimation of leucine aminopeptidase and 5-nucleotidase increases alpha-fetoprotein sensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:959-63. [PMID: 25735389 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To find parameters that can increase alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) sensitivity and so help in accurate diagnosis and rapid management of hepatocullular carcinoma (HCC), as AFP has limited utility of distinguishing HCC from benign hepatic disorders for its high false-positive and false negative rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of AFP, 5'-nucleotidase enzyme activity (5-NU) and leucine aminopeptidase enzyme (LAP) activity were measured in 40 individuals. RESULTS LAP and 5'NU were elevated in HCC at p<0.001. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that changes in AFP exhibited positive correlation with both 5'-NU and LAP at (p<0.001). The complementary use of LAP only with AFP resulted in an increase in sensitivity of AFP from 75% to 90% in detecting HCC. The complementary use of both LAP and 5-NU with AFP resulted in an increased sensitivity of AFP in detecting HCC from 75% to 95%. CONCLUSIONS LAP and 5-FU can be determined in HCC patients in combination with AFP to improve its sensitivity and decrease false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekky Mohammed Abouzied
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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Bellissimo F, Pinzone MR, Cacopardo B, Nunnari G. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12003-12021. [PMID: 26576088 PMCID: PMC4641121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing health problem, representing the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The major risk factor for HCC is cirrhosis. In developing countries, viral hepatitis represent the major risk factor, whereas in developed countries, the epidemic of obesity, diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis contribute to the observed increase in HCC incidence. Cirrhotic patients are recommended to undergo HCC surveillance by abdominal ultrasounds at 6-mo intervals. The current diagnostic algorithms for HCC rely on typical radiological hallmarks in dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, while the use of α-fetoprotein as an independent tool for HCC surveillance is not recommended by current guidelines due to its low sensitivity and specificity. Early diagnosis is crucial for curative treatments. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation are considered the cornerstones of curative therapy, while for patients with more advanced HCC recommended options include sorafenib and trans-arterial chemo-embolization. A multidisciplinary team, consisting of hepatologists, surgeons, radiologists, oncologists and pathologists, is fundamental for a correct management. In this paper, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic management of HCC, with a focus on the most recent evidences and recommendations from guidelines.
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Morgan TR, Osann K, Bottiglieri T, Pimstone N, Hoefs JC, Hu KQ, Hassanein T, Boyer TD, Kong L, Chen WP, Richmond E, Gonzalez R, Rodriguez LM, Meyskens FL. A Phase II Randomized, Controlled Trial of S-Adenosylmethionine in Reducing Serum α-Fetoprotein in Patients with Hepatitis C Cirrhosis and Elevated AFP. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:864-72. [PMID: 26130251 PMCID: PMC4560676 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), deficiency of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) increased the risk of HCC whereas administration of SAMe reduced HCC. The aim of this trial was to determine whether oral SAMe administration to patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis would decrease serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, a biomarker of HCC risk in hepatitis C. This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of SAMe, up to 2.4 g/d, for 24 weeks as compared with placebo among subjects with hepatitis C cirrhosis and a mildly elevated serum AFP. Primary outcome was change in AFP between baseline and week 24. Secondary outcomes included changes in routine tests of liver function and injury, other biomarkers of HCC risk, SAMe metabolites, markers of oxidative stress, and quality of life. One hundred ten subjects were randomized and 87 (44 SAMe and 43 placebo) completed treatment. There was no difference in the change in AFP during 24 weeks among subjects receiving SAMe as compared with placebo. Changes in markers of liver function, liver injury, and hepatitis C viral level were not significantly different between groups. Similarly, SAMe did not change markers of oxidative stress or serum glutathione level. SAMe blood level increased significantly among subjects receiving SAMe. Changes in quality of life did not differ between groups. Overall, this trial did not find that SAMe treatment improved serum AFP in subjects with advanced hepatitis C cirrhosis and a mildly elevated AFP. SAMe did not improve tests of liver function or injury or markers of oxidative stress or antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Morgan
- Medical Healthcare Group, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California.
| | - Kathryn Osann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | - Neville Pimstone
- Medical Healthcare Group, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - John C Hoefs
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ke-Qin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Tarek Hassanein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Thomas D Boyer
- Liver Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lorene Kong
- Research Pharmacy, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ellen Richmond
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Gonzalez
- Research Healthcare Group, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Luz M Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Departments of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Public Health and Epidemiology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California
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Wong GLH. Optimal surveillance program for hepatocellular carcinoma - getting ready, but not yet. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2133-2135. [PMID: 26328024 PMCID: PMC4550867 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i18.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to chronic viral hepatitis is a major health problem in Asian-Pacific regions due to the endemics of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection. HCC surveillance has been recommended to patients who are at risk to develop HCC. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients still died in long run due to tumor recurrence. The key components of an optimal surveillance program include an accurate tumor biomarker and optimal surveillance interval. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), despite of being the most widely used biomarker for HCC surveillance, it was criticized as neither sensitive nor specific. Other HCC biomarkers, including lectin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, are still under investigations. Recent study showed cancer-associated genome-wide hypomethylation and copy number aberrations by plasma DNA bisulfite sequencing to be accurate with both sensitivity and specificity close to 90% in detecting HCC in a case-control study. Concerning the optimal surveillance interval, we believe one size does not fit all patients. Accurate risk prediction to assist prognostication with well-validated HCC risk scores would be useful to decide the need for HCC surveillance. These key components of an optimal HCC surveillance program should be further validated at a surveillance setting.
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Serum levels of chemokines CCL4 and CCL5 in cirrhotic patients indicate the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:756-62. [PMID: 26270232 PMCID: PMC4559820 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The prognostic value of serum tumour markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) is limited. The aim of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum growth factors, apoptotic and inflammatory mediators of cirrhotic patients with and without HCC. METHODS Serum samples were collected from cirrhotic potential liver transplant patients (LTx) with (n=61) and without HCC (n=78) as well as from healthy controls (HCs; n=39). Serum concentrations of CRP, neopterin and IL-6 as markers of inflammation and thrombopoietin (TPO), GCSF, FGF basic and VEGF, HMGB1, CK-18 (M65) and CK18 fragment (M30) and a panel of proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL5 and IL-8) were measured. Chi square, Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney U-tests, ROC curve analysis and forward stepwise logistic regression analyses were applied. RESULTS Patients with HCC had higher serum TPO and chemokines (P<0.001 for TPO, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL5) and lower CCL2 (P=0.008) levels than cirrhotic patients without HCC. Multivariate forward stepwise regression analysis for significant parameters showed that among the studied parameters CCL4 and CCL5 (P=0.001) are diagnostic markers of HCC. Serum levels of TPO and chemokines were lower, whereas M30 was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in HCs. CONCLUSIONS High serum levels of inflammatory chemokines such as CCL4 and CCL5 in the serum of cirrhotic patients indicate the presence of HCC.
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Hong Y, Huang J. Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1581-1585. [PMID: 26085917 PMCID: PMC4462696 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients’ clinical characteristics.
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Pagel O, Loroch S, Sickmann A, Zahedi RP. Current strategies and findings in clinically relevant post-translational modification-specific proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:235-53. [PMID: 25955281 PMCID: PMC4487610 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1042867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has considerably extended our knowledge about the occurrence and dynamics of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). So far, quantitative proteomics has been mainly used to study PTM regulation in cell culture models, providing new insights into the role of aberrant PTM patterns in human disease. However, continuous technological and methodical developments have paved the way for an increasing number of PTM-specific proteomic studies using clinical samples, often limited in sample amount. Thus, quantitative proteomics holds a great potential to discover, validate and accurately quantify biomarkers in body fluids and primary tissues. A major effort will be to improve the complete integration of robust but sensitive proteomics technology to clinical environments. Here, we discuss PTMs that are relevant for clinical research, with a focus on phosphorylation, glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage; furthermore, we give an overview on the current developments and novel findings in mass spectrometry-based PTM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Li F, Han J, Jiang L, Wang Y, Li Y, Dong Y, Wei Q. An ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on signal amplification strategy of gold nanoparticles functionalized magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with lead ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:626-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Attallah AM, El-Far M, Malak CAA, Omran MM, Shiha GE, Farid K, Barakat LA, Albannan MS, Attallah AA, Abdelrazek MA, Elbendary MS, Sabry R, Hamoda GA, Elshemy MM, Ragab AA, Foda BM, Abdallah SO. HCC-DETECT: a combination of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and oncofetal proteins as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7667-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1141-56. [PMID: 25826224 PMCID: PMC4385954 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in overall global cancer-related mortality. Symptomatic presentation often means advanced disease where potentially curative treatment options become very limited. Numerous international guidelines propose the routine monitoring of those with the highest risk factors for the condition in order to diagnose potential tumourigenesis early. To aid this, the fields of metabonomic- and proteomic-based biomarker discovery have applied advanced tools to identify early changes in protein and metabolite expression in HCC patients vs controls. With robust validation, it is anticipated that from these candidates will rise a high-performance non-invasive test able to diagnose early HCC and related conditions. This review gathers the numerous markers proposed by studies using mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and evaluates areas of consistency as well as discordance.
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Bertino G, Demma S, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera M. The immune system in hepatocellular carcinoma and potential new immunotherapeutic strategies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:731469. [PMID: 25893197 PMCID: PMC4393929 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health problem worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. HCC treatment decisions are complex and dependent upon tumor staging. Several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Despite of only modest objective response rates according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, several studies showed encouraging results in terms of prolongation of the time to progression, disease stabilization, and survival. Cellular immunotherapy would improve the immune state and has potential in enhancing the therapeutic outcome for HCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of the literature was made using cancer literature, the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) database for the following keywords: "hepatocellular carcinoma," "molecular hepatocarcinogenesis," "targeted therapy," "molecular immunological targets," "tumour-associated antigens," "Tregs," "MDSCs," "immunotherapy." DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Treatment strategies combining blockade of immunoregulatory cell types such as Tregs and MDSCs and of inhibitory receptors, with vaccine-induced activation of TAA-specific T cells, may be necessary to achieve the most effective therapeutic antitumour activity in HCC. In the future, new therapeutic options will be represented by a blend of immunotherapy-like vaccines and T-cell modulators, supplemented by molecularly targeted inhibitors of tumor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Hepatology Unit, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via S. Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Shirin Demma
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Hepatology Unit, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via S. Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ardiri
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Hepatology Unit, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via S. Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Proiti
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Hepatology Unit, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via S. Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina No. 829, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bertino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria No. 6, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, University of Catania Policlinic, Via S. Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariano Malaguarnera
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Science, Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina No. 829, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina No. 829, 95100 Catania, Italy
- International Ph.D. Program in Neuropharmacology, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina No. 829, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Hong Y, Long J, Li H, Chen S, Liu Q, Zhang B, He X, Wang Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhang T, Lu C, Yan H, Zhang M, Li Q, Cao B, Bai Z, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Zheng J, Ou X, Ma H, Jia J, You H, Wang S, Huang J. An Analysis of Immunoreactive Signatures in Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:438-46. [PMID: 26137588 PMCID: PMC4486196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prevalent worldwide and early diagnosis of HCC is critical for effective treatment and optimal prognosis. Methods Serum was screened first by immunoproteomic analysis for HCC-related tumor associated antigens (TAAs). Selected TAAs were clinically evaluated retrospectively in patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and healthy controls. Levels of autoantibody to the selected TAAs were measured by protein microarrays containing protein antigens of the candidate TAAs. Analyses were done by using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Findings Twenty-two candidate TAAs were assessed by protein microarray analysis in 914 participants with serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) available. Twelve candidate TAAs were statistically different in signal intensity between HCC and controls. Among them, CENPF, HSP60 and IMP-2 showed AUC (area under the curve) values of 0.826, 0.764 and 0.796 respectively for early HCC. The highest prevalence of autoantibody positivity was observed in HCC cases with BCLC tumor stage A, well-differentiated histology and Child-Pugh grade C. Specifically, 73.6% or 79.3% cases of early HCC with negative AFP were positive for autoantibody to CENPF or HSP60. Interpretation Tumor-associated autoimmune reactions may be triggered by early stage HCCs. Measurement of serum autoantibody to TAAs may be complementary to AFP measurements and improve diagnosis of early HCC. Tumor-associated autoimmune reaction may be triggered by early stage HCCs, and TAAs may be potential marker for early HCC. Measurement of autoantibody to TAAs may be complementary to AFP measurements and improve diagnosis of early HCC. Generation of autoantibody to CENPF may result from autoimmune reaction in response to overexpression of CENPF in tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Beijing You-an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chenzhen Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasheng Zheng
- Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Beijing You-an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Biotechnology Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China ; National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Schütte K, Schulz C, Link A, Malfertheiner P. Current biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: Surveillance, diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:139-149. [PMID: 25729470 PMCID: PMC4342597 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for surveillance, diagnosis and prediction of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently not ready for introduction into clinical practice because of limited sensitivity and specificity. Especially for the early detection of small HCC novel biomarkers are needed to improve the current effectiveness of screening performed by ultrasound. The use of high-throughput technologies in hepatocellular research allows to identify molecules involved in the complex pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis. Several invasive and non-invasive biomarkers have been identified already and have been evaluated in different clinical settings. Gene signatures with prognostic potential have been identified by gene expression profiling from tumor tissue. However, a single “all-in-one” biomarker that fits all-surveillance, diagnosis, prediction of prognosis-has not been found so far. The future of biomarkers most probably lies in a combination of non-invasive biomarkers, imaging and clinical parameters in a surveillance setting. Molecular profiling of tumorous and non-tumorous liver tissue may allow a prediction of prognosis for the individual patient and hopefully clear the way for individual treatment approaches. This article gives an overview on current developments in biomarker research in HCC with a focus on currently available and novel biomarkers, in particular on microRNA.
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Ge T, Shen Q, Wang N, Zhang Y, Ge Z, Chu W, Lv X, Zhao F, Zhao W, Fan J, Qin W. Diagnostic values of alpha-fetoprotein, dickkopf-1, and osteopontin for hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu J, Gao Y, Yang B, Jia X, Zhai D, Li S, Zhang Q, Jing L, Wang Y, Du Z, Wang Y. Overexpression of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 1 Is Associated with the Onset and Progression of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Background Benign liver tumors are common. They do not spread to other areas of the body, and they usually do not pose a serious health risk. In fact, in most cases, benign liver tumors are not diagnosed because patients are asymptomatic. When they are detected, it’s usually because the person has had medical imaging tests, such as an ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for another condition. Materials and methods A search of the literature was made using cancer literature and the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) database for the following keywords: “hepatic benign tumors”, “hepatic cystic tumors”, “polycystic liver disease”, “liver macroregenerative nodules”, “hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma”, “hepatic angiomyolipoma”, “biliary cystadenoma”, and “nodular regenerative hyperplasia”. Discussion and conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in some areas of the world; there is an increasing incidence worldwide. Approximately 750,000 new cases are reported per year. More than 75 % of cases occur in the Asia-Pacific region, largely in association with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The incidence of HCC is increasing in the USA and Europe because of the increased incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Unlike the liver HCC, benign tumors are less frequent. However, they represent a chapter always more interesting of liver disease. In fact, a careful differential diagnosis with the forms of malignant tumor is often required in such a way so as to direct the patient to the correct therapy. In conclusion, many of these tumors present with typical features in various imaging studies. On occasions, biopsies are required, and/or surgical removal is needed. In the majority of cases of benign hepatic tumors, no treatment is indicated. The main indication for treatment is the presence of significant clinical symptoms or suspicion of malignancy or fear of malignant transformation.
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Zhang W, Kim R, Quintini C, Hashimoto K, Fujiki M, Diago T, Eghtesad B, Miller C, Fung J, Tan A, Menon KVN, Aucejo F. Prognostic role of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:101-11. [PMID: 25283528 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of circulating VEGF levels in patients undergoing liver resection or locoregional therapy (LRT) for HCC. We investigated the significance of preoperative plasma VEGF levels in patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation (LT) at a Western transplant center. Pre-LT plasma VEGF levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay for 164 patients with HCC undergoing LT. The preoperative plasma VEGF level was correlated with clinicopathological variables and overall and recurrence-free post-LT survival. A higher pre-LT plasma VEGF level was significantly associated with pre-LT LRT (P = 0.01), multiple tumors (P = 0.02), a total tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm (P = 0.01), bilobar tumor distribution (P = 0.03), tumor vascular invasion (VI; P < 0.001), and HCC beyond the Milan criteria (P < 0.001). Patients with a plasma VEGF level > 44 pg/mL had significantly worse overall and disease-free survival than those with VEGF levels ≤ 44 pg/mL (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, a plasma VEGF level > 44 pg/mL was independently associated with tumor VI (P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-4.14, P = 0.03). In conclusion, in patients with chronic end-stage liver disease and HCC, a pre-LT plasma VEGF level > 44 pg/mL may be a predictor of tumor VI and recurrence-free post-LT survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hepatobiliary & Liver Transplant Surgery; Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wan HG, Xu H, Gu YM, Wang H, Xu W, Zu MH. Comparison osteopontin vs AFP for the diagnosis of HCC: a meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:706-14. [PMID: 25034355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Osteopontin (OPN) has been reported as one of the most promising markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The goal of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical value of the plasma OPN versus alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Foreign Medical Journal Service, Chinese Science Journals Database, and Google Scholar was conducted on articles published before 1st October 2013. The sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy of OPN in the diagnosis of HCC were pooled using random effects models. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by QUADAS (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy). Statistical analysis was performed by employing Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata, version 12. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall test performance. RESULTS Seven studies were included in our meta-analysis. The summary estimates for OPN and AFP in the diagnosis of HCC in these studies as follows: sensitivity, 0.86 (0.79-0.91) vs 0.66 (0.53-0.76), specificity, 0.86 (0.69-0.94) vs 0.95 (0.87-0.98), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), 6.10 (2.43-15.32) vs 13.25 (4.69-37.49), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), 0.16 (0.09-0.28) vs 0.36 (0.26-0.51), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), 38.52 (8.99-165.08) vs 36.75 (11.04-122.32), and the area under the curve (AUC), 0.92 vs 0.87. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that OPN has a comparable accuracy to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, while the value of OPN in combination with AFP for HCC detection deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Guang Wan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Mao-Heng Zu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
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Li C, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Liu J. Diagnostic accuracy of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin versus α-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E11-25. [PMID: 23834468 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) are useful tumor markers for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains controversial whether the diagnostic accuracy of DCP is superior to AFP. The aims of this review were to compare the diagnostic accuracy of DCP, AFP and combination of both markers for detecting HCC and further compare their accuracy in diagnosing early stage HCC. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library until April 2013. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of each included study. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated. RESULTS Forty-nine studies involving 14 118 participants (including 1544 with early stage HCC) were included. In case of detection of HCC, the summary estimates of DCP were: sensitivity 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-67%), specificity 91% (95% CI, 88%-93%), and the values of AFP were: sensitivity 59% (95% CI, 54%-63%), specificity 86% (95% CI, 82%-89%). The AUROC of DCP, AFP and combination of both markers were 0.83, 0.77 and 0.88, respectively. Among the early stage HCC, the summary estimates of DCP and AFP were: sensitivity 45% (95% CI, 35%-57%) versus 48% (95% CI, 39%-57%), and specificity 95% (95% CI, 91%-97%) versus 89% (95% CI, 79%-95%). The AUROC was 0.84 for DCP, 0.68 for AFP and 0.83 for the combination of both markers. CONCLUSION Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin shows more diagnostic accuracy than AFP, especially in diagnosing early stage HCC, and the combination of both markers cannot improve the diagnostic accuracy of early stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
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Meta-analysis of the prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum/plasma osteopontin in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 48:806-14. [PMID: 24247813 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GOALS The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic significance of serum/plasma osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BACKGROUND The prognostic and diagnostic value of serum/plasma OPN) in HCC remain controversial. STUDY Eligible studies were identified through a systematic literature search. A meta-analysis of 8 studies (4 for prognosis and 4 for diagnosis, 1399 patients) was performed to estimate the association between serum/plasma-based OPN elevation and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients, and to evaluate the accuracy of plasma OPN and α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the meta-analysis. RESULTS We found that serum/plasma-based OPN elevation was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.47-2.61; P<0.00001) and DFS (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.43-2.26; P<0.00001) in HCC. The summary estimates for plasma OPN and AFP in diagnosing HCC in the studies included were as follows: sensitivity, 88% (95% CI, 84%-91%) versus 68% (95% CI, 63%-73%); specificity, 87% (95% CI, 83%-90%) versus 97% (95% CI, 94%-99%); diagnostic odds ratio, 62.87 (95% CI, 10.90-362.60) versus 49.09 (95% CI, 11.36-212.10); and area under SROS, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.97) versus 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-1.03). CONCLUSIONS The current evidence indicates that serum/plasma-based OPN seems to have significant predictive ability for estimating survival in HCC, and plasma OPN has a comparable accuracy to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC, although the diagnostic value of plasma OPN for early or AFP-negative HCC remains to be assessed by further studies.
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Xu WJ, Guo BL, Han YG, Shi L, Ma WS. Diagnostic value of alpha-fetoprotein-L3 and Golgi protein 73 in hepatocellular carcinomas with low AFP levels. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12069-74. [PMID: 25209179 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical values of serum alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with low alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). From January 2011 to December 2013, 50 low-AFP HCC patients confirmed by the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and pathological examinations were collected. Forty-five patients with chronic liver diseases were also selected, including 29 liver cirrhosis patients, 15 chronic hepatitis B patients, and one severe hepatitis patient. Furthermore, 100 health volunteers with no evidence of benign or malignant liver diseases were included. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was applied to the GP73 quantitative assay. Serum AFP concentrations were determined using immunoassays utilizing enhanced chemiluminescence. Diagnostic accuracy of GP73 and AFP-L3 assays for low-AFP HCC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted with the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. Low-AFP HCC patients (35/50) exhibited higher positive rates of AFP-L3 than non-HCC patients (5/45) and healthy controls (2/100) (both P < 0.05). There were also significant differences in the positive rate of GP73 of low-AFP HCC patients (40/50) compared to those of non-HCC patients (3/45) and healthy controls (1/100) (both P < 0.05). However, no obvious differences in the positive rates of AFP-L3 and GP73 were observed between non-HCC patients and healthy controls (both P > 0.05). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of low-AFP HCC was 0.6994 (sensitivity [Sen] = 70.0 %, specificity [Spe] = 95.2 %, accuracy = 88.7 %), while the AUC of GP73 was 0.8411 (Sen = 80.0 %, Spe = 97.2 %, accuracy = 92.8 %). Compared with single detection, the combination of AFP-L3 and GP73 levels for the diagnosis of low-AFP HCC showed higher Sen (94.0 %), Spe (93.1 %), and better accuracy (93.3 %). Our findings provide empirical evidence that the combination of AFP-L3 and GP73 is a good diagnostic strategy for low-AFP HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qianfoshan Hospital, Jingshi Road, No. 16766, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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Li S, Ma W, Fei T, Lou Q, Zhang Y, Cui X, Qin X, Zhang J, Liu G, Dong Z, Ma Y, Song Z, Hu Y. Upregulation of heat shock factor 1 transcription activity is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2313-21. [PMID: 25199534 PMCID: PMC4214332 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is associated with tissue‑specific tumorigenesis in a number of mouse models, and has been used a as prognostic marker of cancer types, including breast and prostatic cancer. However, its role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. Using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining, it was identified that HSF1 and its serine (S) 326 phosphorylation, a biomarker of HSF1 activation, are significantly upregulated in human HCC tissues and HCC cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. Cohort analyses indicated that upregulation of the expression of HSF1 and its phospho‑S326 is significantly correlated with HCC progression, invasion and patient survival prognosis (P<0.001); however, not in the presence of a hepatitis B virus infection and the expression of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen. Knockdown of HSF1 with shRNA induced the protein expression of tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein, resulting in attenuated plc/prf5 cell growth and colony formation in vitro. Taken together, these data markedly support that HSF1 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Department of Surgery, Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 20072, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiukun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshun Song
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 20072, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Wang BL, Tan QW, Gao XH, Wu J, Guo W. Elevated PIVKA-II is Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in BCLC 0-A Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6673-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dai HJ, Wu JCY, Lin WS, Reyes AJF, Dela Rosa MAC, Syed-Abdul S, Tsai RTH, Hsu WL. LiverCancerMarkerRIF: a liver cancer biomarker interactive curation system combining text mining and expert annotations. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau085. [PMID: 25168057 PMCID: PMC4147259 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are biomolecules in the human body that can indicate disease states and abnormal biological processes. Biomarkers are often used during clinical trials to identify patients with cancers. Although biomedical research related to biomarkers has increased over the years and substantial effort has been expended to obtain results in these studies, the specific results obtained often contain ambiguities, and the results might contradict each other. Therefore, the information gathered from these studies must be appropriately integrated and organized to facilitate experimentation on biomarkers. In this study, we used liver cancer as the target and developed a text-mining–based curation system named LiverCancerMarkerRIF, which allows users to retrieve biomarker-related narrations and curators to curate supporting evidence on liver cancer biomarkers directly while browsing PubMed. In contrast to most of the other curation tools that require curators to navigate away from PubMed and accommodate distinct user interfaces or Web sites to complete the curation process, our system provides a user-friendly method for accessing text-mining–aided information and a concise interface to assist curators while they remain at the PubMed Web site. Biomedical text-mining techniques are applied to automatically recognize biomedical concepts such as genes, microRNA, diseases and investigative technologies, which can be used to evaluate the potential of a certain gene as a biomarker. Through the participation in the BioCreative IV user-interactive task, we examined the feasibility of using this novel type of augmented browsing-based curation method, and collaborated with curators to curate biomarker evidential sentences related to liver cancer. The positive feedback received from curators indicates that the proposed method can be effectively used for curation. A publicly available online database containing all the aforementioned information has been constructed at http://btm.tmu.edu.tw/livercancermarkerrif in an attempt to facilitate biomarker-related studies. Database URL:http://btm.tmu.edu.tw/LiverCancerMarkerRIF/
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Dai
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Johnny Chi-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Wei-San Lin
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Aaron James F Reyes
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Mira Anne C Dela Rosa
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Shabbir Syed-Abdul
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Richard Tzong-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110, Republic of China, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China and Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County, Taiwan 320, Republic of China
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Mossad NA, Mahmoud EH, Osman EA, Mahmoud SH, Shousha HI. Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IGM) and alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) as novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11559-64. [PMID: 25129443 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance lacks a reliable biomarker. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used. However, not all HCCs secrete AFP. AFP may be elevated with cirrhosis in the absence of HCC. Serum alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IgM) were found to be useful markers in diagnosing HCC. SCCA-IgM and AFU were assessed by ELISA technique; AFP was measured by enzyme chemiluminescence in serum of 40 patients with HCC, 30 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 20 healthy control participants to compare their accuracy in early diagnosis of HCC. Serum SCCA-IgM and AFU levels were significantly elevated in HCC group compared to cirrhotic group (P value<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the optimal cutoff value for SCCA-IgM was 233 AU/ml with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 66% and for AFU was 25 U/L with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 98%. AFP cutoff value was 48 ng/mL with sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 53.3%. The simultaneous determination of AFP and SCCA-IgM activity increased the sensitivity to 92.5% and specificity to 62.1%. There were positive significant correlations between SCCA-IgM and each of AFU (r=0.296, P=0.005) and AFP (r=0.284, P=0.007) and no correlation between AFP and AFU. All markers did not correlate with the tumor size or affected by the Child score. The significant difference between SCCA-IgM and AFU levels among HCC and cirrhotic patients suggests their use as potential diagnostic tools and allows identifying a new group of HCC patients even in the absence of elevated AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad A Mossad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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81
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Diagnostic Performance of Des-γ-carboxy Prothrombin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:529314. [PMID: 25165471 PMCID: PMC4140125 DOI: 10.1155/2014/529314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There have been many reports on des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) as a promising serum marker in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the results are inconsistent and even conflicting. Methods. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate the performance of DCP in the diagnosis of HCC. Following a systematic review of relevant studies, Meta-DiSc 1.4 software was used to extract data and to calculate the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Data are presented as forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) analysis was used to summarize the overall test performance. Results. Twelve studies were included in our meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of DCP for the detection of HCC in the studies included were 71% (95%CI: 68%–73%), 84% (95%CI: 83%–86%), 6.48 (95%CI: 4.22–9.93), and 0.33 (95%CI: 0.25–0.43), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.8930 and the Q index was 0.8238. Significant heterogeneity was found. Conclusion. This meta-analysis indicated that DCP had moderate diagnostic accuracy in HCC. Further studies with rigorous design, large sample size, and mmultiregional cooperation are needed in the future.
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Liu Q, Sui CJ, Li BS, Gao A, Lu JY, Yang JM. Solitary hepatic lymphangioma: a one-case report. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:314. [PMID: 25279280 PMCID: PMC4169228 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lymphangiomas, malformations of the liver lymphatic system, are extremely rare conditions in adults. A 41-year-old man presented with right upper abdominal pain for 6 months was introduced in this report. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a giant cystictumor with a pedunculatedextrahepatic growth pattern. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, a partial hepatectomy was performed and pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of solitary hepatic lymphangioma. In this article, we reviewed the clinical and pathology features, preoperative diagnostic challenges, and treatments of hepaticlymphangiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Liu
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China ; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Republic of China No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, 300142 China
| | - Cheng-Jun Sui
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Bao-Shan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Republic of China No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, 300142 China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Republic of China No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, 300142 China
| | - Jian-Yue Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Republic of China No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, 300142 China
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
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83
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Bertino G, Demma S, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: novel molecular targets in carcinogenesis for future therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:203693. [PMID: 25089265 PMCID: PMC4096380 DOI: 10.1155/2014/203693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors worldwide. Over the past 15 years, the incidence of HCC has more than doubled. Due to late diagnosis and/or advanced underlying liver cirrhosis, only limited treatment options with marginal clinical benefit are available in up to 70% of patients. During the last decades, no effective conventional cytotoxic systemic therapy was available contributing to the dismal prognosis in patients with HCC. A better knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis provides today the opportunity for targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of the literature was made using cancer literature, the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) database for the following keywords: "hepatocellular carcinoma," "molecular hepatocarcinogenesis," "targeted therapy," and "immunotherapy." DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Treatment decisions are complex and dependent upon tumor staging, presence of portal hypertension, and the underlying degree of liver dysfunction. The knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis broadened the horizon for patients with advanced HCC. During the last years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. In the future, new therapeutic options will be represented by a blend of immunotherapy-like vaccines and T-cell modulators, supplemented by molecularly targeted inhibitors of tumor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via Santa Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Shirin Demma
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via Santa Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ardiri
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via Santa Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Proiti
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinic, Via Santa Sofia No. 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Via Messina No. 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bertino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria No. 6, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Via Messina No. 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariano Malaguarnera
- Research Centre “The Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Via Messina No. 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
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84
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Tai BJ, Yao M, Wang L, Qian Q, Shi Y, Yu DD, Lu SL, Yao DF. Down-regulation of glypican-3 gene transcription inhibits hepatoma cell invasion and angiogenesis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:2221-2228. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i16.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether down-regulation of glypican-3 (GPC-3) gene transcription by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibits hepatoma MHCC-97H cell invasion and angiogenesis.
METHODS: Specific GPC-3 shRNAs were transfected into MHCC-97H cells. GPC-3 mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Hepatoma cell proliferation was detected by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and sulforhodamine B assay, and cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing and transwell assays.
RESULTS: After MHCC-97H cells were transfected with shRNA1, GPC-3 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 75.6% (t = 15.473, P < 0.001), cell proliferation was inhibited significantly, and cell migration and invasion were decreased. β-catenin expression was down-regulated by 67.7%, and glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) expression was up-regulated by 53.5% in MHCC-97H cells. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly decreased (54.2%, t = 46.746, P < 0.001) in cells transfected with shRNA1 compared with control cells.
CONCLUSION: shRNA-mediated GPC-3 knockdown inhibits the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of hepatoma cells possibly through Wnt/β-catenin and Hh signaling pathways.
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85
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Bertino G, Di Carlo I, Ardiri A, Calvagno GS, Demma S, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Toro A, Malaguarnera M. Systemic therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: present and future. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1533-48. [PMID: 24106903 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is now the third leading cause of cancer deathsworldwide and is generally presented at an advanced stage, limiting patients' quality of life. The conventional cytotoxic systemic therapy has proved to be ineffective in HCC, since its induction several decades ago. Today it is possible to use our knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis to provide a targeted therapy. Sorafenib has demonstrated large improvements in overall survival in HCC. This review describes the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, focusing on sorafenib, sunitinib, tivantinib, antiangiogenic agents, and current and future immunotherapies. Thus, it will be necessary in the future to classify HCCs into subgroups according to their genomic and proteomic profiling. The identification of key molecules/receptors/signaling pathways and the assessment of their relevance as potential targets will be the main future challenge potentially influencing response to therapy. Defining molecular targeted agents that are effective for a specific HCC subgroup will hopefully lead to personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit - Department of Medical & Pediatric Science, University of Catania Policlinic, Via S Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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86
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Farina A. Proximal fluid proteomics for the discovery of digestive cancer biomarkers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:988-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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87
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Giannini EG, Sammito G, Farinati F, Ciccarese F, Pecorelli A, Rapaccini GL, Di Marco M, Caturelli E, Zoli M, Borzio F, Cabibbo G, Felder M, Gasbarrini A, Sacco R, Foschi FG, Missale G, Morisco F, Svegliati Baroni G, Virdone R, Trevisani F. Determinants of alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for its clinical use. Cancer 2014; 120:2150-7. [PMID: 24723129 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a biomarker commonly used in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the possible determinants of its serum levels in these patients have not been adequately explored. For this study, the authors evaluated the relevance of demographic, clinical, and oncologic factors to the presence of elevated AFP levels in large cohort of patients with HCC. METHODS In 4123 patients with HCC who were managed by the Italian Liver Cancer Group, AFP levels were assessed along with their association with demographic, biochemical, clinical, and oncologic characteristics. Patients were subdivided according to the presence of elevated AFP (ie, >10 ng/mL). RESULTS AFP levels were elevated in 62.4% of patients with HCC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that being a woman (odds ratio [OR], 1.497; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.250-1.793; P < .0001), the presence of cirrhosis (OR, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.050-2.254; P = .027), liver disease with viral etiology (OR, 1.900; 95% CI, 1.589-2.272; P < .0001), an elevated alanine aminotransferase level (OR, 1.878; 95% CI, 1.602-2.202; P < .0001), a low albumin level (OR, 1.301; 95% CI, 1.110-1.525; P = .012), an HCC tumor size >2 cm (OR, 1.346; 95% CI, 1.135-2.596; P = .001), multinodular HCC (OR, 1.641; 95% CI, 1.403-1.920; P < .0001), and the presence of vascular invasion (OR, 1.774; 95% CI, 1.361-2.311; P < .0001) were associated independently with elevated levels of AFP. Both the median AFP level and the proportion of patients who had elevated levels increased with decreasing degrees of HCC differentiation (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Sex and features of chronic liver disease were identified as nontumor characteristics that influence serum AFP levels in patients with HCC. These findings should be taken into account as limitations in interpreting the oncologic meaning of this biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS-University Hospital San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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88
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Glypican-3 as an emerging molecular target for hepatocellular carcinoma gene therapy. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5857-68. [PMID: 24633918 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC-3), a membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan, plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and metastasis, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, and perhaps is a valuable target for its gene therapy. However, its mechanism remains to be explored. In the present study, the biological behaviors of HCC cells were investigated by interfering GPC-3 gene transcription. After the cells were transfected with specific GPC-3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), the inhibition of GPC-3 expression was 75.6 % in MHCC-97H or 73.8 % in Huh7 cells at mRNA level; the rates of proliferation and apoptosis were 53.6 and 60.5 % in MHCC-97H or 54.9 and 54.4 % in Huh7 cells, with the cell cycles arrested in the G1 phase; the incidences of cell migration, metastasis, and invasion inhibition were 80.1, 56.4, and 69.1 % in MHCC-97H or 80.9, 59.6, and 58.3 % in Huh7 cells, respectively. The cell biological behaviors were altered by silencing GPC-3 with down-regulation of β-catenin, insulin-like growth factor-II and vascular endothelial growth factor, and Gli1 up-regulation. The cell proliferation was significantly inhibited (up to 95.11 %) by shRNA plus anti-cancer drugs, suggesting that GPC-3 gene should be a potential target for promoting hepatoma cell apoptosis and inhibiting metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin and Hh singling pathways.
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89
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MicroRNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: novel biomarkers and prognostic tools during the transition from steatosis to hepatocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:741465. [PMID: 24745023 PMCID: PMC3972908 DOI: 10.1155/2014/741465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic-related disorder ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The influence of NAFLD on HCC development has drawn attention in recent years. HCC is one of the most common malignant tumors and the third highest cause of cancer-related death. HCC is frequently diagnosed late in the disease course, and patient's prognosis is usually poor. Early diagnosis and identification of the correct stage of liver damage during NAFLD progression can contribute to more effective therapeutic interventions, improving patient outcomes. Therefore, scientists are always searching for new sensitive and reliable markers that could be analysed through minimally invasive tests. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Several studies identified specific miRNA expression profiles associated to different histological features of NAFLD. Thus, miRNAs are receiving growing attention as useful noninvasive diagnostic markers to follow the progression of NAFLD and to identify novel therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the miRNAs involved in NAFLD and related HCC development, highlighting their diagnostic and prognostic value for the screening of NAFLD patients.
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90
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Sehgal A, Chen Q, Gibbings D, Sah DW, Bumcrot D. Tissue-specific gene silencing monitored in circulating RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:143-149. [PMID: 24355758 PMCID: PMC3895267 DOI: 10.1261/rna.042507.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic target gene modulation is the primary objective for RNA antagonist strategies and gene therapy. Here we show that mRNAs encoding tissue-specific gene transcripts can be detected in biological fluids and that RNAi-mediated target gene silencing in the liver and brain results in quantitative reductions in serum and cerebrospinal fluid mRNA levels, respectively. Further, administration of an anti-miRNA oligonucleotide resulted in decreased levels of the miRNA in circulation. Moreover, ectopic expression of an adenoviral transgene in the liver was quantified based on measurement of serum mRNA levels. This noninvasive method for monitoring tissue-specific RNA modulation could greatly advance the clinical development of RNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfica Sehgal
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Qingmin Chen
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Derrick Gibbings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Dinah W.Y. Sah
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David Bumcrot
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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91
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Enooku K, Nakagawa H, Soroida Y, Ohkawa R, Kageyama Y, Uranbileg B, Watanabe N, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Koike K, Yatomi Y, Ikeda H. Increased serum mitochondrial creatine kinase activity as a risk for hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:871-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Soroida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Kageyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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92
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Gan Y, Liang Q, Song X. Diagnostic value of alpha-L-fucosidase for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3953-60. [PMID: 24395655 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the primary marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been used widely in the clinic, but AFP is a biomarker characterized by poor sensitivity and specificity. Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) has been proposed as a tumor marker for diagnosis of HCC in many studies. However, conclusions of its diagnostic value are inconsistent. The current review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of AFU for HCC. After systematic review of 12 related studies, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled using random-effect models. Summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve analysis was used to summarize the overall test performance. The pooled sensitivity for AFU was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.76), while the pooled specificity was 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.81). DOR was 10.26 (95% CI 5.99-17.59), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8125. AFU had great value for the diagnosis of HCC as a serum marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Gan
- Department of Surgery of Bone Tumour, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 830000, People's Republic of China
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93
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Goetze JP, Alehagen U, Flyvbjerg A, Rehfeld JF. Chromogranin A as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biomark Med 2014; 8:133-40. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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94
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95
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Niemeyer DJ, Simo KA, Iannitti DA, McKillop IH. Ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: past, present and future perspectives. Hepat Oncol 2013; 1:67-79. [PMID: 30190942 DOI: 10.2217/hep.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is most commonly found in the setting of liver cirrhosis. Treatment of HCC must consider both the tumors present, as well as the remaining dysfunctional liver that both hinders treatment and can produce additional HCC over time. Ablation is an evolving part of the multimodality treatment approach to HCC that can effectively destroy tumors while preserving surrounding liver parenchyma. New technologies have made ablation an indispensable tool in the treatment of all stages of HCC. This review presents the history, present technologies and future potential of ablation in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Niemeyer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Kerri A Simo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - David A Iannitti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
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96
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Liu XF, Hu ZD, Liu XC, Cao Y, Ding CM, Hu CJ. Diagnostic accuracy of serum glypican-3 for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2013; 47:196-200. [PMID: 24362268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many individual studies have evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of serum glypican-3 (GPC-3) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of present study was to meta-analyze the overall diagnostic accuracy of serum GPC-3 for diagnosing HCC. DESIGN AND METHODS English language studies which evaluated the diagnostic performance of GPC-3 and published before March 22, 2013 were retrieved. The quality of the studies was assessed by revised QUADAS tools. The performance characteristics were pooled and determined by random-effects models. RESULTS Twelve studies with a total of 898 HCC patients and 835 non-HCC patients were included. For the studies in which the majority of reference participants had HBV or HCV infections, the overall diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.49-0.57) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81), respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves (AUC) was 0.82. The major design deficiencies of included studies were differential verification bias, and a lack of clear exclusion and inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS GPC-3 has moderate diagnostic accuracy for HCC. Due to the design limitations, results in published studies should be carefully interpreted. In addition, more well-designed studies with large sample sizes should be performed to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic value of the GPC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, 250031 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, 250031 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Cui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, 250031 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chun-Mei Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, 250031 Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, 250031 Shandong Province, PR China.
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97
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Horváth Z, Kovalszky I, Fullár A, Kiss K, Schaff Z, Iozzo RV, Baghy K. Decorin deficiency promotes hepatic carcinogenesis. Matrix Biol 2013; 35:194-205. [PMID: 24361483 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents one of the most-rapidly spreading cancers in the world. In the majority of cases, an inflammation-driven fibrosis or cirrhosis precedes the development of the tumor. During malignant transformation, the tumor microenvironment undergoes qualitative and quantitative changes that modulate the behavior of the malignant cells. A key constituent for the hepatic microenvironment is the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin, known to interfere with cellular events of tumorigenesis mainly by blocking various receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as EGFR, Met, IGF-IR, PDGFR and VEGFR2. In this study, we characterized cell signaling events evoked by decorin deficiency in two experimental models of hepatocarcinogenesis using thioacetamide or diethyl nitrosamine as carcinogens. Genetic ablation of decorin led to enhanced tumor occurrence as compared to wild-type animals. These findings correlated with decreased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) and a concurrent elevation in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation via cyclin dependent kinase 4. Decreased steady state p21(Waf1/Cip1) levels correlated with enhanced expression of transcription factor AP4, a known transcriptional repressor of p21(Waf1/Cip1), and enhanced c-Myc protein levels. In addition, translocation of β-catenin was a typical event in diethyl nitrosamine-evoked tumors. In parallel, decreased phosphorylation of both c-Myc and β-catenin was observed in Dcn(-/-) livers likely due to the hindered GSK3β-mediated targeting of these proteins to proteasomal degradation. We discovered that in a genetic background lacking decorin, four RTKs were constitutively activated (phosphorylated), including three known targets of decorin such as PDGFRα, EGFR, IGF-IR, and a novel RTK MSPR/RON. Our findings provide powerful genetic evidence for a crucial in vivo role of decorin during hepatocarcinogenesis as lack of decorin in the liver and hepatic stroma facilitates experimental carcinogenesis by providing an environment devoid of this potent pan-RTK inhibitor. Thus, our results support future utilization of decorin as an antitumor agent in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Horváth
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fullár
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kiss
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Schaff
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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98
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Shen P, Si J, Li QW, Qu LL, Li LR, Yan XL, Ji GZ. Human des-γ-carboxy prothrombin: Cloning, expression and monoclonal antibody preparation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3932-3939. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i35.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clone and express human des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), a valuable serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to prepare the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against DCP.
METHODS: The DCP gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pCold II. The recombinant construct was expressed in BL21 Escherichia coli strain, and the recombinant protein with an N-terminal 6-His tag was purified by nickel chelate-nitrilotriacetic-acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. The purified protein was used to immunize the Balb/c mice for mAb preparation. The sensitivity and specificity of the mAb were assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The recombinant DCP protein was successfully expressed and purified, and its molecular weight was approximately 23 kDa. One hybridoma cell line stably secreting anti-DCP monoclonal antibody named 3B5 was obtained. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry indicated that the DCP mAb showed specific combination with DCP. ELISA detection indicated that the titer of the mAb was 1:2.43 × 105. The immunoglobulin isotype of the mAb was identified as IgG2a.
CONCLUSION: The successful preparation of DCP mAb may lay a solid foundation for the research of the use of DCP in early diagnosis of HCC.
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99
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Sun QK, Zhu JY, Wang W, Lv Y, Zhou HC, Yu JH, Xu GL, Ma JL, Zhong W, Jia WD. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of peroxiredoxin 1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2013; 31:786. [PMID: 24297309 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1) is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes and implicated in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression and diagnostic and prognostic significance of Prdx1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prdx1 expression was examined in 76 HCC patients and 20 healthy volunteers. The relationships between Prdx1 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of serum Prdx1, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and their combination. The prognostic impact of Prdx1 on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients was investigated. Prdx1-positive rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in HCC (77.1 %) than in adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues (18.4 %). Prdx1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with tumor vascular endothelial growth factor expression and microvessel density. Prdx1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, microvascular invasion, Edmondson grade, tumor capsula status, serum AFP, and tumor-node-metastasis stage. The combination of serum Prdx1 and AFP had a markedly higher area under the curve than serum Prdx1 alone. Positive Prdx1 expression was associated with unfavorable OS (p = 0.004) and DFS (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed intra-tumoral Prdx1 staining as an independent poor prognostic marker for OS (p = 0.006) and DFS (p = 0.002). Taken together, our data suggest that increased Prdx1 expression is associated with tumor angiogenesis and progression in HCC and serves as a promising biomarker for detection and prognosis of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Kai Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
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100
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Slany A, Haudek-Prinz V, Zwickl H, Stättner S, Grasl-Kraupp B, Gerner C. Myofibroblasts are important contributors to human hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence for tumor promotion by proteome profiling. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3315-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Slany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Verena Haudek-Prinz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Hannes Zwickl
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Stefan Stättner
- Department of Surgery; Paracelsus Medical University; Salzburg Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
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