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52
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Evaluation of PTPN22 polymorphisms and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japanese patients. Mol Vis 2009; 15:1115-9. [PMID: 19503742 PMCID: PMC2690962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder against melanocytes. Polymorphisms of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 gene (PTPN22) have recently been reported to be associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In this study, genetic susceptibility to VKH disease was investigated by screening for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTPN22. METHODS A total of 167 Japanese patients with VKH disease and 188 healthy Japanese controls were genotyped by direct sequencing methods for six SNPs (rs3811021, rs1217413, rs1237682, rs3761935, rs3789608, and rs2243471) of PTPN22 including the uncoding exons. RESULTS The six SNPs in PTPN22 showed no significant association with susceptibility to VKH disease or its ocular, neurologic, or dermatological manifestation. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to clarify the genetic mechanisms underlying VKH disease.
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53
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Li Y, Begovich AB. Unraveling the genetics of complex diseases: susceptibility genes for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Semin Immunol 2009; 21:318-27. [PMID: 19446472 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Talk of numerous genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis has been percolating for years, but with the exception of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, none have been definitively identified. Recently the results of multiple, well powered, genetic case-control studies have begun to appear providing convincing statistical evidence for at least ten non-HLA related risk genes or loci (C5/TRAF1, CD40, CTLA4, KIF5A/PIP4K2C, MMEL1/TNFRSF14, PADI4, PRKCQ, PTPN22, STAT4, and TNFAIP3/OLIG3) for RA and six (IL12B, IL13, IL23R, STAT2/IL23A, TNFAIP3, and TNIP1) for psoriasis. These initial, novel findings are beginning to shed light on the molecular pathways pertinent to the individual diseases and highlight the pleiotropic effects of several risk factors as well as the allelic heterogeneity underlying susceptibility to these and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Li
- Celera, 1401 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502, USA
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54
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Pratt AG, Isaacs JD, Mattey DL. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of early rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2009; 23:37-48. [PMID: 19233044 PMCID: PMC2652659 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease with a predilection for symmetrically distributed diarthroidal joints. It is clinically heterogeneous, with particular disease phenotypes defined according to a complex interplay of genes and the environment. In this chapter we first summarize current knowledge of RA genetic susceptibility, a field which has been transformed in recent years by powerful modern genotyping technologies. The importance of a recently described subclassification for the disease based upon the presence or absence of circulating autoantibodies to citrullinated peptides has further informed genetic studies, and we consider the implications for our understanding of RA pathogenesis. We then review the cellular and molecular processes that initiate and perpetuate joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Pratt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute for Cellular Medicine, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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55
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B-cell tolerance checkpoints in health and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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56
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Leybrand S, Rossier E, Barbi G, Cooper DN, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of two independent karyotypic anomalies in a patient with severe mental retardation and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Genomic Med 2008; 1:65-73. [PMID: 18923930 DOI: 10.1007/s11568-007-9008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a patient with severe mental retardation, dysmorphic features as well as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. G-banding indicated two independent karyotypic anomalies in this patient: an interstitial deletion del(X)(p21p22.3) and a rearrangement involving chromosomes 1 and 7, which represents a direct insertion, ins(7;1)(q36;p13.2p31.2). Non-random inactivation of the paternally derived del(X) chromosome was observed in blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts. High resolution analysis of the rearrangement involving chromosomes 1 and 7 subsequently revealed the additional submicroscopic deletion of at least 5 Mb at the 1p13.2 breakpoint. The deletion occurred on the paternal chromosome and encompasses the PTPN22 gene, already known to be associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Our findings underline the importance of closely investigating the breakpoint regions of apparently balanced rearrangements in patients with abnormal phenotypes since complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) may turn out to be unbalanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Leybrand
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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57
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Dieudé P, Guedj M, Wipff J, Avouac J, Hachulla E, Diot E, Granel B, Sibilia J, Cabane J, Meyer O, Mouthon L, Kahan A, Boileau C, Allanore Y. ThePTPN22620W allele confers susceptibility to systemic sclerosis: Findings of a large case–control study of European Caucasians and a meta‐analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2183-8. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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58
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Zeitlin AA, Simmonds MJ, Gough SCL. Genetic developments in autoimmune thyroid disease: an evolutionary process. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 68:671-82. [PMID: 18081880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of genes placing individuals at an increased risk for the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been a slow process. However, over the last 20 years or so real progress has been made with the mapping of novel loci, via a number of different approaches. First, through the use of traditional immunological methods, Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) was the first gene region to be associated with AITD and consistent replications have been reported. Second, the CTLA-4 gene region on 2q33 was the first non-MHC replicated locus to be primarily identified using the candidate gene method. Third, family-based linkage studies led to the mapping of a new type 1 diabetes locus, the PTPN22 gene, which has subsequently been independently replicated as a susceptibility gene for Graves' disease (GD). Fourth, despite many unsuccessful attempts at implicating the TSHR gene as a susceptibility locus for GD, a recent approach of 'tagging' all the common variation within the gene has led to its identification as the first GD specific locus. Moreover, the use of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has also been used to implicate the recently identified type 1 diabetes locus, CD25 as a susceptibility gene for GD. Finally, large scale, ongoing genome-wide association studies in multiple autoimmune diseases (AID) states, including AITD seem likely to lead to the identification of additional MHC and non-MHC susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Zeitlin
- Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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59
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Olsson LM, Lindqvist AK, Källberg H, Padyukov L, Burkhardt H, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Holmdahl R. A case-control study of rheumatoid arthritis identifies an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the NCF4 gene, supporting a role for the NADPH-oxidase complex in autoimmunity. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R98. [PMID: 17897462 PMCID: PMC2212587 DOI: 10.1186/ar2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a heritability of 60%. Genetic contributions to RA are made by multiple genes, but only a few gene associations have yet been confirmed. By studying animal models, reduced capacity of the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) complex, caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in one of its components (the NCF1 gene), has been found to increase severity of arthritis. To our knowledge, however, no studies investigating the potential role played by reduced reactive oxygen species production in human RA have yet been reported. In order to examine the role played by the NOX complex in RA, we investigated the association of 51 SNPs in five genes of the NOX complex (CYBB, CYBA, NCF4, NCF2, and RAC2) in a Swedish case-control cohort consisting of 1,842 RA cases and 1,038 control individuals. Several SNPs were found to be mildly associated in men in NCF4 (rs729749, P = 0.001), NCF2 (rs789181, P = 0.02) and RAC2 (rs1476002, P = 0.05). No associations were detected in CYBA or CYBB. By stratifying for autoantibody status, we identified a strong association for rs729749 (in NCF4) in autoantibody negative disease, with the strongest association detected in rheumatoid factor negative men (CT genotype versus CC genotype: odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.6; P = 0.0001). To our knowledge, this is the first genetic association identified between RA and the NOX complex, and it supports previous findings from animal models of the importance of reactive oxygen species production capacity to the development of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Olsson
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, BMC I11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, BMC I11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Cartela AB, Box 709, SE-220 07 Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik Källberg
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of rheumatology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, BMC I11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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60
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[Toward a non-empirical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis based on its molecular pathology]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:19-31. [PMID: 21794490 DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(08)71791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, disabbling disease that affects individuals during the productive years of their lives. Modern treatment for RA includes the so called "biologic" therapy, which is based on recombinant proteins that modify the biologic processes. These agents have potent therapeutic effects and different mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, therapeutic failure still prevails. Treatment that prevents disability in RA must be started in an early manner, before the development of complications and, ideally, with a minimum possibility of therapeutic failure. As yet, there are no clinical or laboratory criteria to identify those patients with a higher probability of responding to particular types of therapy, delaying control of RA ad affecting the prevention of incapacity. Research into gene diversity through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by means of microarray systems, allows the detailed analysis of gene factors associated to a given disease. SNPs have been recently applied to the study of RA, where the major polymorphisms associated to RA occur primarily in genes that code for proteins related to the initiation of an immune response and/or the control of cellular activity in the immune system, in addition to genes related to tissue repair. The specific meaning of these findings is in its initial stages of research. On the other hand, proteomics relate to the analysis of protein expression profiles at multiple levels. Both types of studies will contribute to the knowledge of patterns of gene expression in RA compared to the general population, and will allow an understanding of the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, proteomic and genomic profiles can be employed to designs probes that identify individuals with the risk of developing RA, individually predict the response to different therapeutic modalities (pharmacogenomics) and for the follow-up of the biologic response to therapy.
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61
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Amos CI, Chen WV, Remmers E, Siminovitch KA, Seldin MF, Criswell LA, Lee AT, John S, Shephard ND, Worthington J, Cornelis F, Plenge RM, Begovich AB, Dyer TD, Kastner DL, Gregersen PK. Data for Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 15 Problem 2, genetic causes of rheumatoid arthritis and associated traits. BMC Proc 2007; 1 Suppl 1:S3. [PMID: 18466527 PMCID: PMC2367518 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-1-s1-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 2, we organized data from several ongoing studies designed to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Data were derived from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC), collaboration among Canadian researchers, the European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families (ECRAF), and investigators from Manchester, England. All groups used a common standard for defining rheumatoid arthritis, but NARAC also further selected for a more severe phenotype in the probands. Genotyping and family structures for microsatellite-based linkage analysis were provided from all centers. In addition, all centers but ECRAF have genotyped families for linkage analysis using SNPs and these data were additionally provided. NARAC also had additional data from a dense genotyping analysis of a region of chromosome 18 and results from candidate gene studies, which were provided. Finally, smoking influences risk for rheumatoid arthritis, and data were provided from the NARAC study on this behavior as well as some additional phenotypes measuring severity. Several questions could be evaluated using the data that were provided. These include comparing linkage analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphisms versus microsatellites and identifying credible regions of linkage outside the HLA region on chromosome 6p13, which has been extensively documented; evaluating the joint effects of smoking with genetic factors; and identifying more homogenous subsets of families for whom genetic susceptibility might be stronger, so that linkage and association studies may be more efficiently conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Amos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M,D, Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1340, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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62
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Zhernakova A, Alizadeh BZ, Bevova M, van Leeuwen MA, Coenen MJH, Franke B, Franke L, Posthumus MD, van Heel DA, van der Steege G, Radstake TRDJ, Barrera P, Roep BO, Koeleman BPC, Wijmenga C. Novel association in chromosome 4q27 region with rheumatoid arthritis and confirmation of type 1 diabetes point to a general risk locus for autoimmune diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:1284-8. [PMID: 17999365 DOI: 10.1086/522037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, association of celiac disease with common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in an extensive linkage-disequilibrium block of 480 kb containing the KIAA1109, Tenr, IL2, and IL21 genes has been demonstrated in three independent populations (rs6822844P combined=1.3 x 10(-14)). The KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 block corresponds to the Idd3 locus in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This block was recently found to be associated with T1D in a genomewide association study, although this finding lacks unequivocal confirmation. We therefore aimed to investigate whether the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 region is involved in susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases. We tested SNP rs6822844 for association with disease in 350 T1D-affected and 1,047 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-affected Dutch patients and in 929 controls. We replicated the association with T1D (P=.0006; OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.50-0.83]), and revealed a similar novel association with RA (P=.0002; OR 0.72 [95% CI 0.61-0.86]). Our results replicate and extend the association found in the KIAA1109/Tenr/IL2/IL21 gene region with autoimmune diseases, implying that this locus is a general risk factor for multiple autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zhernakova
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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63
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Abstract
A functional variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) has recently been shown to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disease. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of this gene and its disease-associated polymorphisms. In addition, we review the studies investigating the association between this gene and SLE, along with other autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/enzymology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Polymorphism, Genetic/immunology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/immunology
- Thyroid Diseases/enzymology
- Thyroid Diseases/genetics
- Thyroid Diseases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Chung
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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64
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Ghosh S, Babron MC, Amos CI, Briollais L, Chen P, Chen WV, Chiu WF, Drigalenko E, Etzel CJ, Hamshere ML, Holmans PA, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Lebrec JJP, Lin S, Lin WY, Mandhyan DD, Nishchenko I, Schaid DJ, Seguardo R, Shete S, Taylor K, Tayo BO, Wan S, Wei LY, Wu CO, Yang XR. Linkage analyses of rheumatoid arthritis and related quantitative phenotypes: the GAW15 experience. Genet Epidemiol 2007; 31 Suppl 1:S86-95. [PMID: 18046767 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The group that formed on the theme of linkage analyses of rheumatoid arthritis RA and related phenotypes (Group 10) in the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 comprised 18 sets of investigators. Two data sets were available: one was a real set provided by the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium and collaborators in Canada, France (European Consortium Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Families) and the UK; the other was a simulated data set modelled after the real data set. Whereas a majority of the investigators analyzed the RA affection status as a binary phenotype, a few contributions considered data on correlated quantitative traits such as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin M. The different investigators applied a wide spectrum of linkage methods. As expected, most methods could identify the human leukocyfeantigen region on chromosome 6 as a major genetic factor for RA. In addition, some novel chromosomal regions provided significant evidence of linkage in multiple contributions in the group. In this report, we discuss the different strategies explored by the different investigators with the common goal of improving the power to detect linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700-108, India.
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65
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Viken MK, Olsson M, Flåm ST, Førre O, Kvien TK, Thorsby E, Lie BA. The PTPN22 promoter polymorphism -1123G>C association cannot be distinguished from the 1858C>T association in a Norwegian rheumatoid arthritis material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:190-7. [PMID: 17661906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) gene has, during the last 2 years, been recognized as a susceptibility gene for numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type 1 diabetes. An association between the exonic 1858C>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RA has repeatedly been replicated in several Caucasian populations. The SNP is not associated with autoimmune diseases in Asian populations, as the 1858T allele is almost absent. Recently, a promoter polymorphism -1123G>C was proposed to be associated with acute-onset type 1 diabetes in Japanese and Korean populations. Furthermore, in Caucasian populations, the presence of additional PTPN22 risk variants has been suggested, indicating that the 1858C>T risk variant cannot explain the entire disease association observed in the region. In this study, we wanted to jointly address and integrate these separate findings to further elucidate the association between the PTPN22 gene and RA in a Norwegian material of 861 RA patients and 559 healthy controls. Our results revealed that the strength of the association with the PTPN22 promoter polymorphism, -1123G>C, is analogous to that observed for 1858C>T. As the -1123G>C variant is also polymorphic in Asian populations, our data underpin the need to further explore the association between this variant and autoimmune diseases in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Viken
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty Division Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0027, Norway.
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66
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Jacq L, Teixeira VH, Garnier S, Michou L, Dieudé P, Rocha D, Pierlot C, Lemaire I, Quillet P, Hilliquin P, Mbarek H, Petit-Teixeira E, Cornélis F. HSPD1 is not a major susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis in the French Caucasian population. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:1036-1039. [PMID: 17925998 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock 60-kDa protein 1 (HSP60) is involved in immune and inflammatory reactions, which are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HSP60 is encoded by the HSPD1 gene located on 2q33, one of the suggested RA susceptibility loci in the French Caucasian population. Our aim was to test whether HSPD1 is a major susceptibility gene by studing families from the French Caucasian population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in 100 RA trio families, and 100 other families were used for replication. Genetic analyses were performed by comparing allelic frequencies, by applying the transmission disequilibrium test, and by assessing the genotype relative risk. We observed a significant RA association for the C/C genotype of rs2340690 in the first sample. However, this association was not confirmed when the second sample was added. The two other SNPs and the haplotype analysis did not give any significant results. We conclude that HSPD1 is not a major RA susceptibility gene in the French Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Jacq
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France. .,Hôpital Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
| | - Vitor Hugo Teixeira
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sophie Garnier
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Philippe Dieudé
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France.,Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 46 rue Henri Huchart, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Rocha
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Céline Pierlot
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Lemaire
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France.,Hôpital Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Patrick Quillet
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France.,Hôpital Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Pascal Hilliquin
- Hôpital Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Petit-Teixeira
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France
| | - François Cornélis
- GenHotel-EA3886, Evry-Paris VII Universities, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry-Genopole cedex, France.,Hôpital Sud Francilien, 59 bd Henri Dunant, 91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.,Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France
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67
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Gulko PS. Contribution of genetic studies in rodent models of autoimmune arthritis to understanding and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2007; 8:523-31. [PMID: 17703178 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and potentially debilitating autoimmune disease. While novel therapies have emerged in recent years, disease remission is rarely achieved. RA is a complex trait, and the identifying of its susceptibility and severity genes has been anticipated to generate new targets for therapeutic intervention. However, finding those genes and understanding their function has been a challenging task. Studies in rodent intercrosses and congenics generated from inbred strains have been an important complementary strategy to identify arthritis genes, and understand how they operate to regulate disease. Furthermore, these new rodent arthritis genes will be new targets for therapeutic interventions, and will identify new candidate genes or candidate pathways for association studies in RA. In this review-opinion article I discuss RA genetics, difficulties involved in gene identification, and how rodent models can facilitate (1) the discovery of both arthritis susceptibility and severity genes, (2) studies of gene-environment interactions, (3) studies of gene-gender interactions, (4) epistasis, (5) functional characterization of the specific genes, (6) development of novel therapies and (7) how the information generated from rodent studies will be useful to understanding and potentially treating RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Congenic
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy
- Crosses, Genetic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Gulko
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Majorczyk E, Jasek M, Płoski R, Wagner M, Kosior A, Pawlik A, Obojski A, Luszczek W, Nowak I, Wiśniewski A, Kuśnierczyk P. Association of PTPN22 single nucleotide polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis but not with allergic asthma. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:1043-8. [PMID: 17579671 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN22 gene encodes a lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), an important negative regulator of T-cell responses. The 1858C>T (Arg620Trp) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2476601) was found associated with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Allergic diseases are similar to autoimmune diseases, by an exaggerated immune response to an antigen (allergen in this case) normally not invoking such response in healthy individuals. We investigated whether polymorphism 1858C>T in PTPN22 gene is associated with susceptibility to allergic asthma and RA in a Polish population. PTPN22 was genotyped in 173 patients with RA, in 198 patients with allergic asthma, and in 543 controls using PCR-RFLP. The patients with RA differed from healthy controls in frequencies of PTPN22 1858C>T alleles (P=0.0004; odds ratio (OR), 1.8; 95% CI, 1.33-2.55) and genotypes (P=0.0009). Strong associations of 1858T allele with RA limited to joints (0.21 vs 0.12, P=0.0002; OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.44-3.00), with erosive disease (0.20 vs 0.12, P=0.0003; OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.34-2.71), with a lack of rheumatoid factor (RF; 0.23 vs 0.12, P=0.0008; OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.44-3.63), and weak association with the presence of RF (0.17 vs 0.12, P=0.02; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.10-2.40) in comparison with healthy controls were observed. Very strong association of 1858T allele (P<0.0001; OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.9-3.9) and T phenotype (P<0001; OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.1-4.9) with antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) was found. When patients with allergic asthma were typed for PTPN22 1858C>T polymorphism, no difference with control was found. Subdivision of patients into those with mild, moderate, or severe asthma did not reveal any associations. In conclusion, we confirmed associations between several clinical manifestations of RA and PTPN22 1858T allele. However, no association with 1858C>T polymorphism was found for susceptibility to allergic asthma or for severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Majorczyk
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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