51
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Krasagakis K, Garbe C, Krüger S, Orfanos CE. Effects of interferons on cultured human melanocytes in vitro: interferon-beta but not-alpha or -gamma inhibit proliferation and all interferons significantly modulate the cell phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97:364-72. [PMID: 1712824 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12480767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of human recombinant interferon-alpha-2a (rIFN-alpha), natural interferon-beta (nIFN-beta) and recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) on the proliferation, morphology and antigen expression of cultured human melanocytes were studied in vitro. The investigations were performed in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and serum-containing melanocyte growth medium (MGM), in TPA- and serum-free complete melanocyte medium (CMM) and its mitogen reduced variant (RMM). In MGM, none of these interferons inhibited the growth of normal melanocytes at concentrations 1-10,000 international units (IU)/ml over a period of 5 d. Only nIFN-beta, dose dependently, inhibited melanocyte proliferation in CMM and RMM in a 6- and 12-d assay (growth inhibition at 10,000 IU/ml; 77-80% of the controls, p less than 0.001). In contrast, rIFN-alpha and rIFN-gamma exerted no (RMM), or minor effects (CMM) on melanocyte proliferation (only in 12-d assays at 10,000 IU/ml: 24% and 21% of the controls respectively, p less than 0.01). In parallel experiments performed on melanoma cells, all three interferons were potent inhibitors of proliferation in a 5-d serum-free assay (growth inhibition at 10,000 IU/ml; rIFN-alpha 59%, nIFN-beta 78%, rIFN-gamma 56%, all p less than 0.001). In addition, nIFN-beta and also rIFN-gamma caused striking morphologic changes of normal melanocytes in vitro. Especially under greater than or equal to 10 IU/ml rIFN-gamma cytoplasmic spreading and flattening of the cultured melanocytes and their nuclei were seen, thus resembling melanoma cells in vitro. Untreated human melanocytes grown in MGM showed high expression of the melanoma-associated antigens HMB-45 (95-100%) and K.1.2 (40-100%), whereas the progression marker A.1.43 was present only on less than 5% of the cells. Cultured melanocytes were 95-100% positive for histocompatibility antigen class I (HLA-I), 30-75% were positive for ICAM-1, whereas they were negative for HLA-DR. After treatment with rIFN-alpha, increased expression of HLA-I antigens was found; nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma decreased the labeling with HMB-45 (75-100%) and with K.1.2 (25-80%), whereby the expression of A.1.43 was found slightly increased (5-15%). The HLA class I antigens were upregulated by both nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma, nIFN-beta being the most potent agent. Also, both nIFN-beta and rIFN-gamma increased the expression of ICAM-1 (nIFN-beta, 75-90%; rIFN-gamma, 90-95%) and induced de novo expression of HLA-DR antigen (nIFN-beta, 15-20%; rIFN-gamma, 65-95%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krasagakis
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Steglitz, Free University of Berlin, Germany
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52
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Muro M, Naomoto Y, Orita K. Mechanism of the combined antitumor effect of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and natural human interferon-alpha on cell cycle progression. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:118-26. [PMID: 1825650 PMCID: PMC5918212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the mechanism of the synergistic effect of the combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on cell cycle progression using two-parameter flow cytometry in vitro and an immunohistochemical staining method in vivo. The cells used were human colon cancer cell line RPMI 4788 in vitro and in vivo, and human breast cancer cell line MX-1 and human renal cancer cell line NAMKO-1 in vivo. In the in vitro experiment, the cell cycle progressed normally as time elapsed in the control group. However, in the group treated with TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha in combination (combination group), it appeared that the transition from the S phase to the G2/M phase was blocked, and the cells that accumulated in the S phase died. In the in vivo experiment with male nude mice of a CD-1 genetic background, the antitumor effect on all three kinds of cancer cells was significantly greater in the combination group than in the control group. The cell labeling index on staining with bromodeoxyuridine in the combination group became markedly larger and the mitotic index smaller than in the other groups. From these results, it was concluded that in the combination group, both in vitro and in vivo, tumor cells markedly accumulated in the S phase and their progression from the S phase to the G2/M phase in the cell cycle was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muro
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School
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53
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Fosså SD, Gunderson R, Moe B. Recombinant interferon-alpha combined with prednisone in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Reduced toxicity without reduction of the response rate--a phase II study. Cancer 1990; 65:2451-4. [PMID: 2337859 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900601)65:11<2451::aid-cncr2820651108>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Five responses (lung metastases, three; lymph node metastases, two) were observed in 23 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received recombinant interferon-alpha-2A (IFN) 18 X 10(6) U in three intramuscular doses each week combined with oral prednisone (10 to 20 mg daily). The response duration was 4+, 4+, 9, 11+, and 15+ months. In general, the combination treatment of interferon and prednisone lead to a significant reduction of the subjective side effects (flu-like symptoms) as compared to a previous experience in patients treated with interferon only. Reduction of the interferon dose or discontinuation of IFN treatment was necessary in only two of 23 patients receiving IFN plus prednisone. Prednisone, however, had little effect on the hepatic toxicity often associated with high-dose IFN treatment. The subjective tolerability of a high dose of IFN is significantly increased if oral prednisone (10-20 mg) is given concomitantly in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma without reducing the response rate. Randomized trials will be necessary to confirm the efficacy of the IFN and prednisone combination. In addition, higher doses of IFN combined with prednisone should be evaluated in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Fosså
- Department of Medical Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo
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54
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Sica G, Fabbroni L, Castagnetta L, Cacciatore M, Pavone-Macaluso M. Antiproliferative effect of interferons on human prostate carcinoma cell lines. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 1989; 17:111-5. [PMID: 2734978 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of purified human fibroblast beta-interferon (B-IFN) and recombinant alpha-2b-interferon (A-IFN) on cell proliferation was investigated in two human prostate carcinoma cell lines, named PC-3 and DU-145. Both cell lines respond to the antiproliferative action of interferon, B-IFN being more effective than A-IFN. PC-3 is more sensitive than DU-145 cell line, showing 95% inhibition of cell proliferation at the highest concentration of B-IFN. As interferons, besides reducing cell growth, are able to modify steroid receptor content in different hormone-sensitive human tumours, our results may be of some relevance as these drugs might be used to regulate both cell proliferation and hormone-sensitivity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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55
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Nelson BE, Borden EC. Interferons: biological and clinical effects. SEMINARS IN SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 1989; 5:391-401. [PMID: 2480628 DOI: 10.1002/ssu.2980050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferons play a key role in the immune system as biological response modifiers. Interferons alpha, beta, and gamma have been characterized, their nucleotide sequences defined, and the proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology. The myriad actions of interferons include enhancement of natural killer cell activity and antigen expression, induction of varied proteins, activation of macrophages, and antiviral, antiproliferative and antitumor effects. Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of interferons in some malignancies and ongoing studies are investigating results of combinations with other biological response modifiers and cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Nelson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center, Madison 53792
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56
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Wells V, Mallucci L. Cell cycle regulation (G1) by autocrine interferon and dissociation between autocrine interferon and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase expression. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1988; 8:793-802. [PMID: 2466091 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1988.8.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In tertiary MEF undergoing cell cycle progression, autocrine interferon (IFN) is released and constitutive levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase activity, low through the cell cycle, surge into a peak within S phase. Treatment of MEF with the autocrine IFN they produce elicits a 2-5A synthetase response from cells positioned in G0 but not from cells in G1 and from cells in S phase. Neutralization of the autocrine IFN by antibody shortens the length of G1 leaving unaltered the kinetics of progression through S and G2 and has no effect on the S phase-linked expression of 2-5A synthetase activity. The growth controlling effect of the autocrine IFN has been mapped to the second part of G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wells
- Microbiology Department, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K
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57
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Forster S, Triffitt JT, Bauer HC, Brosjö O, Nilsson OS, Smith R, Sykes B. Interferon-inhibited human osteosarcoma xenografts induce host bone in nude mice. J Bone Miner Res 1988; 3:199-202. [PMID: 3213616 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth of human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude mice can be inhibited by human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Histologic examination of growth-inhibited tumors has revealed mineralization and partial replacement of the tumor by normal bone tissue. We have investigated whether the normal bone tissue was formed by differentiated tumor cells or by induction of host stroma to differentiate into bone tissue. Employing antibodies to both murine and human type I collagen, it was found that the normal bone produced in IFN-inhibited osteosarcomas was host derived. These results suggest that IFN induced the osteosarcoma cells to produce a bone-inductive agent that interacts with the host cells, and leads to the formation of mature normal bone tissue in a heterotopic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Forster
- MRC Bone Research Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oxford, UK
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58
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Schaffer FM, Benedict SH, Petsche D, Lau A, Williams BR, Mills GB, Gelfand EW. Interferon and phorbol esters down-regulate sIgM expression by independent pathways. J Cell Physiol 1988; 134:245-52. [PMID: 2831237 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041340210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of recombinant interferon, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and phorbol 12, 13 dibutyrate (PDB) on surface immunoglobulin expression by Daudi cells. Incubation of cells with recombinant alpha 2 interferon (IFN-alpha 2) caused a 2.5-fold (60%) decrease in sIgM expression as measured by relative fluorescence index (RFI) using a flow cytometer. This decrease in sIgM expression was independent of inhibitory effects on proliferation and cell cycle progression. TPA or PDB also caused a threefold (67%) decrease in sIgM expression, while enhancing proliferation and cell cycle progression. Coincubation of cells with IFN-alpha 2 and TPA decreased sIgM expression by more than fourfold (greater than 75%), which was greater than the decrease induced by the optimal concentration of either agent alone. Molecular studies demonstrated that the treatment of cells with IFN-alpha 2 or TPA decreased the steady-state levels of mRNA for the heavy chain of IgM (c mu), suggesting that down-regulation of sIgM occurred at a pretranslational level. Activation of the cell membrane sodium/proton antiport did not play an integral role in the IFN-alpha 2 or phorbol-ester-induced pathway of sIgM down-regulation. Whereas IFN-alpha 2 induced an increase in the activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase, the addition of TPA to IFN-alpha 2 caused a significant decrease in the activity of this enzyme. Although IFN-alpha 2 and TPA exhibited additive effects on sIgM expression, they had opposing effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and induction of 2-5A synthetase activity, suggesting that these agents down-regulate sIgM expression through independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Schaffer
- Division of Immunology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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59
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60
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tyring
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham
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61
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Abstract
Interferons can regulate growth and differentiation in a wide range of cell types. These mechanisms are currently being examined. Interferons inhibit the growth of tumour cells and are thus potential anti-cancer agents. They can also inhibit normal cell growth in vitro, and stimulate tumour cell growth in vitro. They may also be involved in some autoimmune diseases. This review examines the effect of interferons on cell proliferation, function, and growth, focusing primarily on in vitro cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shearer
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, U.K
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62
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Kimoto Y, Fujita M, Taguchi T. Interferon treatment of human stomach and breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1987; 7:345-56. [PMID: 3668304 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1987.7.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Comparative effects of natural and recombinant interferons (IFNs)-alpha and -beta on xenografted human gastric and breast carcinoma lines in nude mice were studied. The lines were sensitive to IFNs. The breast carcinoma lines were more sensitive than the gastric carcinoma lines to IFNs. Natural IFN-beta was more effective than the other three IFNs on the gastric carcinoma lines. One breast carcinoma line was more sensitive to IFN-alpha whereas the other was more sensitive to IFN-beta. Large doses and frequent injections of IFNs were necessary for optimal effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimoto
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, Osaka University, Japan
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63
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Brenning G, Jernberg H, Gidlund M, Sjöberg O, Nilsson K. The effect of alpha and gamma-interferon on proliferation and production of IgE and beta 2-microglobulin in the human myeloma cell line U-266 and in an alpha-interferon resistant U-266 subline. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 1986; 37:280-8. [PMID: 3097807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1986.tb02313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An IFN-resistant subline (U-266r alpha) was established from the IFN-alpha-sensitive myeloma cell line U-266 by subculturing U-266 cells with increasing doses of INF-alpha. The U-266r alpha secreted IgE at a higher rate than the U-266 (7.2 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h as compared to 3.3 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h). The 2 cell lines were found to be equally high producers of beta 2m (9.2 and 9.6 X 10(-13) g/c/8 h). The U-266 produced 2.9 times less IgE and 5 times more beta 2m compared to the initial production rates at establishment. INF-alpha and recombinant IFN-alpha 2 (rIFN-alpha 2) inhibited proliferation and concomitantly decreased the rate of IgE and beta 2m secretion in U-266 but not in U-266 IFNr alpha, which in contrast was slightly stimulated by IFN-alpha with respect to growth, IgE and beta 2m secretion. In addition, IFN-alpha at a concentration of 100 U/ml was shown to decrease the IgE and beta 2m production without exerting more than minimal cytotoxicity on U-266 cells. No antiproliferative effect was found for IFN-gamma or recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) on either of the 2 cell lines. IFN-gamma and rIFN-gamma were, however, found to stimulate the production of beta 2m. Our results show that the U-266 and the derived IFN-alpha-resistant subline can be used as models for studying some of the biological effects of IFN-alpha and -gamma in vitro. The clinical implications of these in vitro results, in particular the usefulness of serum determinations of immunoglobulin and beta 2m concentrations for monitoring the tumor cell mass, are discussed.
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64
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Kameyama K, Takezaki S, Kanzaki T, Nishiyama S. HLA-DR and melanoma-associated antigen (p97) expression during the cell cycle in human melanoma cell lines, and the effects of recombinant gamma-interferon: two-color flow cytometric analysis. J Invest Dermatol 1986; 87:313-8. [PMID: 3090158 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12524381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using monoclonal antibodies, recombinant human gamma-interferon, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter, 2 human melanoma cell lines (KHm-1/4 and A101D) were examined quantitatively for HLA-DR and 97-kD melanoma-associated antigen (p97) expression throughout the cell cycle. Two-color flow cytometric analysis showed that the mean cell volume increased (KHm-1/4, 2.6 times; A101D, 3.6 times) during the progression of the cell cycle, and that fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR and p97 correlated well with cell volume, i.e., both antigens were maximally detected during the G2-M phase. The density of HLA-DR and p97 on the cell surface remained relatively constant throughout the cell cycle with the exception that cells in S phase showed a slightly lower density compared with those in G0/G1 and G2-M phases. gamma-Interferon treatment (500 IU/ml, 72 h) increased HLA-DR+ cells (KHm-1/4, 65% to 89%; A101D, 34% to 84%) and p97+ cells (KHm-1/4, 8% to 12%; A101D, 19% to 35%). Increased antigen densities were also relatively constant throughout the cell cycle as in nontreated cells. Cells treated with gamma-interferon tended to accumulate at G0/G1 phase (KHm-1/4, 21% to 37%; A101D, 17% to 53%), and had a reduced cell volume (0.82-0.95 times) throughout cell cycle. This study revealed that both melanoma cell lines showed heterogeneity in the expression of HLA-DR and p97, and that this heterogeneity was influenced, at least in part, by cell cycle and immunologic events such as gamma-interferon treatment.
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65
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Lin SL, Kikuchi T, Pledger WJ, Tamm I. Interferon inhibits the establishment of competence in Go/S-phase transition. Science 1986; 233:356-9. [PMID: 3726533 DOI: 10.1126/science.3726533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Addition of mouse interferon-alpha/beta (IFN) to confluent, quiescent BALB/c 3T3 (clone A31) mouse fibroblasts resulted in a block or delay in serum-induced activation of the cell cycle. It was necessary to add IFN within 6 hours after serum stimulation to inhibit nuclear labeling with [3H]thymidine. This is consistent with the time required for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to induce cells to become competent to respond to additional growth factors present in platelet-poor plasma. Simultaneous addition of IFN with PDGF inhibited the PDGF-induced synthesis of a 29-kilodalton and a 35-kilodalton protein that normally occurs within 1 hour after PDGF addition. IFN also suppressed the general increase in protein synthesis that occurs by the fifth hour after PDGF addition. These results show that IFN antagonizes the action of PDGF, thereby interfering with the activation of Go cells for G1 traverse and S-phase entry.
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66
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Smalley RV, Borden EC. Interferons: current status and future directions of this prototypic biological. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1986; 9:73-83. [PMID: 2425443 DOI: 10.1007/bf00201906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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67
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Bibliography. Adv Cancer Res 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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68
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Besancon F, Bourgeade MF, Testa U. Inhibition of transferrin receptor expression by interferon-alpha in human lymphoblastoid cells and mitogen-induced lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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69
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Brenning G. The in vitro effect of leucocyte alpha-interferon on human myeloma cells in a semisolid agar culture system. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 1985; 35:178-85. [PMID: 4048864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1985.tb01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
73 bone marrow samples from a total of 50 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were tested for interferon (IFN) sensitivity in the human tumour colony assay (HTCA). 16 evaluable samples were obtained from untreated patients, 10 from patients during melphalan and prednisone treatment and 6 from patients on IFN treatment or after withdrawal of IFN. The sensitivity to IFN was individually distributed between the bone marrow samples from patients of all 3 groups and a tendency towards IFN resistance could be found in serial assays from patients during MP-treatment and after IFN withdrawal. Stimulation of growth was found in 31% of the cultures, usually at lower doses of IFN (10-100 U/ml) while higher doses (400-4000 U/ml) inhibited growth in 75% of the assays.
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70
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Hersey P, Hasic E, MacDonald M, Edwards A, Spurling A, Coates AS, Milton GW, McCarthy WH. Effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) on tumour growth and immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. Br J Cancer 1985; 51:815-26. [PMID: 3873953 PMCID: PMC1977086 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1985.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies were initiated to assess the response of patients with disseminated melanoma to recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A) and to monitor effects of rIFN-alpha A on several tests of immune function. Twenty patients were treated with rIFN-alpha A given by i.m. injection in escalating doses from 15 to 50 X 10(6) um-2. The responses of two patients were considered unevaluable. Of the remainder there was complete remission of tumour in two and stable disease in two. Subsequent progression of tumour in one of the latter patients coincided with development of antibodies to IFN. Side effects (usually fatigue) were dose rate limiting in 11 patients. Laboratory tests on samples taken 6 hours after rIFN-alpha A indicated a marked lymphopenia and a reduction in natural killer (NK) cell activity particularly against K562 target cells. Longer term changes measured in samples taken 2 days after the previous rIFN-alpha A injections consisted of neutropenia and an increase in the T4/T8 ratio due mainly to a relative increase in OKT4 positive T cells compared to OKT8 positive T cells. NK activity against the K562 target cell increased in most patients during the first week of treatment and then returned to below or near pretreatment levels thereafter against the K562 target cell. This contrasted with NK activity against the melanoma target cell which showed a more gradual increase over the duration of the treatment in 6 patients. The latter correlated with an increase in mitogen stimulated IL 2 production from their blood lymphocytes and may indicate that the cytotoxic activity resulted from lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. These results confirm the activity of rIFN-alpha A against melanoma in certain patients. They suggest that further studies are needed to select patients who may respond to rIFN-alpha A and to optimize treatment regimens. Tests of IL 2 production and LAK activity may assisted in achieving these objectives.
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71
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Clemens MJ, McNurlan MA. Regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by interferons. Biochem J 1985; 226:345-60. [PMID: 2581554 PMCID: PMC1144719 DOI: 10.1042/bj2260345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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72
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Tominaga S, Lengyel P. beta-Interferon alters the pattern of proteins secreted from quiescent and platelet-derived growth factor-treated BALB/c-3T3 cells. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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73
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Abstract
Interferons differ chemically and biologically from other modalities of cancer treatment. They are proteins that inhibit viral replication, influence subcellular processes, slow cellular proliferation, affect cell differentiation, and modulate immune responses. These regulatory effects on cell function undoubtedly underlie the effects of interferons in malignant disease. As a result of efforts by academia, industry, governments, and organizations such as the American Cancer Society, significant progress has been made over the past 5 years in elucidating structure, improving production, and defining clinical applications of interferons for both virus and malignant disease.
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74
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Borden EC, Groveman DS, Nasu T, Reznikoff C, Bryan GT. Antiproliferative activities of interferons against human bladder carcinoma cell lines in vitro. J Urol 1984; 132:800-3. [PMID: 6206246 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative effect of interferons against 5 human bladder carcinoma cell lines, RT112, T24, RT4, 647V and HT1197, was determined in vitro. Each of these human bladder carcinoma cell lines except 647V was sensitive to human interferons in liquid media. The antiproliferative effect of interferons was observed only upon continuous exposure, not after 1 hour. Partially purified, naturally produced interferon beta was more inhibitory of cell growth than naturally produced interferon alpha. Interferon alpha 54, 76, 61, 6L and 1 purified to homogeneity were as effective as naturally produced, partially pure interferon alpha. Although interferon beta, produced by recombinant DNA technology and purified to homogeneity, was not equivalent in effectiveness to naturally produced interferon beta, its antiproliferative activity was greater than interferon alpha 54 for 3 of 4 cell lines tested. Antimitotic effects may underlie, at least in part, the potential therapeutic activity of interferons for bladder carcinoma.
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75
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Hersey P, Balch CM. Current status and future prospects for adjuvant therapy of melanoma. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 1984; 54:303-15. [PMID: 6207805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1984.tb05324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of melanoma have resulted mainly from improved surgical management of the primary tumour assisted by a greater appreciation of major prognostic factors in the natural history of the disease. Further improvement in the treatment of melanoma will depend largely on introduction of methods to prevent recurrence of the disease. The present review discusses criteria for selection of patients with a high risk of recurrent disease and the adjuvant treatment that has been used in past studies to prevent recurrences. With few exceptions various regimens of chemotherapy, non-specific immunotherapy with bacterial products or combinations of these treatments have not increased disease free or survival periods. Immunotherapy with various sources of melanoma antigens or with viral lysates of melanoma cells have produced encouraging results in uncontrolled studies and require further evaluation. Several advances appear to provide scope for new initiatives in immunotherapy. These include an appreciation of the role of suppressor cells in regulation of immune responses against tumour cells and possible methods to inhibit their activity. A second is the definition of various lymphokines involved in generation of immune responses (particularly interleukin 2) and development of in vitro methods for large scale production of these factors. Thirdly, methods are becoming available to define the heterogeneity of tumour cells in terms of cell surface antigens or their release of soluble factors which may help select treatments appropriate to each patient.
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76
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Jasny BR, Pfeffer LM, Tamm I. Effects of beta interferon on human fibroblasts at different population doubling levels. Proliferation, cell volume, thymidine uptake, and DNA synthesis. J Exp Med 1984; 159:1741-9. [PMID: 6726117 PMCID: PMC2187310 DOI: 10.1084/jem.159.6.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular aging had no effect on the ability of beta interferon to increase cell volume and population doubling time in 76-109 cells, a line of human skin fibroblasts. However, DNA synthesis in cells at high population doubling levels (PDL 55-70) was inhibited after 72 h of beta interferon treatment (1,000 U/ml) while no inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed in cells at middle population doubling levels (PDL 30-40).
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77
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Suhadolnik RJ, Sawada Y, Gabriel J, Reichenbach NL, Henderson EE. Accumulation of low molecular weight DNA and changes in chromatin structure in HeLa cells treated with human fibroblast interferon. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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78
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Gewert DR, Moore G, Tilleray VJ, Clemens MJ. Inhibition of cell proliferation by interferons. 1. Effects on cell division and DNA synthesis in human lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 139:619-25. [PMID: 6698029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of Daudi cells with human lymphoblastoid interferons for up to 5 days progressively inhibits cell proliferation. For the first 3 days cells continue to grow but with prolonged doubling times; subsequently, net proliferation ceases and is accompanied by a loss of cell viability. We have investigated the changes in labelling of DNA with radioactive precursors which occur during the first phase of the response to interferon treatment. We have shown previously [Gewert et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 487-492] that inhibition of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA can be accounted for by impairment of thymidine transport and thymidine kinase activity. In spite of this inhibition, the total intracellular dTTP pool is larger in interferon-treated than in control cells. Because of these changes it has been necessary to use other methods to determine whether interferon treatment inhibits the overall rate of DNA synthesis. The results of experiments employing (a) moderately high thymidine concentrations or (b) incorporation of radioactivity from deoxynucleoside triphosphates into DNA in detergent-lysed or permeabilised cell systems indicate that there is in fact relatively little inhibition of the overall rate of DNA synthesis in cells exposed to up to 100 units/ml of interferons for at least 48 h. Furthermore, a similar proportion of cells incorporate [3H]thymidine in control and interferon-treated cultures and there is only a small decrease in the number of cells in S phase after interferon treatment, as revealed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These results indicate that cell proliferation may be regulated in this system by a mechanism in which there is a loss of coordination between the initiation of DNA synthesis and the subsequent events required for cell division.
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79
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Mechti N, Affabris E, Romeo G, Lebleu B, Rossi GB. Role of interferon and 2‘,5‘-oligoadenylate synthetase in erythroid differentiation of Friend leukemia cells. Studies with interferon-sensitive and -resistant variants. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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80
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Krueger LJ, Terry RW, Sussman AJ, Tate AC, Axelrod DE. Interferon-induced growth modulation: low dose maintenance of the antiproliferative response. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1984; 4:29-40. [PMID: 6715912 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1984.4.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the Burkitt's lymphoma-derived Daudi cell line with human beta interferon (HuIFN-beta) results in a dose-dependent antiproliferative response. We have defined three phases including: (1) initiation, (2) maintenance, and (3) termination of the antiproliferative state. Each phase is characterized by specific growth modulatory properties. Initiation of the antiproliferative state with a single interferon dose requires 200 International Reference Units (IRU) per ml, depending on such factors including cell density, serum content in the medium and the length of IFN exposure. Initiation of the IFN response occurred within a 4 h incubation period. Even following this short exposure, the vast majority of cells would be sequestered in the G0/G1 cell cycle compartment. As measured by cytofluorimetry there was a 16-20 h delay in the initiation of the antiproliferative response. The antiproliferative response, as measured by changes in the distribution of cells in the cell cycle, was maximal at 24 h after treatment. This delay was equal to the doubling time of the Daudi cell. The antiproliferative response initiated by 200 IRU/ml of IFN was reversible if the IFN was removed and not replenished. Cells showed renewed growth approximately 40 h after treatment. The antiproliferative state could be maintained by additional interferon, but, even after such treatment, the antiproliferative state decayed in a dose-dependent fashion. This decay was proportional to the decrease in the biological activity of the interferon molecule itself. Finally, we showed that the antiproliferative state could be maintained by using only 40 IRU/ml. These cells were maintained in the antiproliferative state for an extended period of time.
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81
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Gould MN, Kakria RC, Olson S, Borden EC. Radiosensitization of human bronchogenic carcinoma cells by interferon beta. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1984; 4:123-8. [PMID: 6715911 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1984.4.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interferons on the radiosensitivity of in vitro human bronchogenic carcinoma cells was investigated. Human fibroblast-derived interferon (IFN-beta) was found to sensitize cells to gamma irradiation while either HuIFN-alpha or mouse IFN-alpha/beta did not. The observed radiosensitization was supra-additive and resulted in a decrease in the shoulder width of the radiation dose-cell survival curve but did not affect the slope. The degree of radiosensitization of the various IFNs tested paralleled the antiproliferative effects of these IFNs on this cell line.
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82
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Strayer DR, Weisband J, Carter WA, Brodsky I. Antiproliferative effect of natural beta interferon on fresh tumor cells analyzed in a clonogenic assay. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1984; 4:627-33. [PMID: 6501945 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1984.4.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural beta interferon (beta IFN), derived from diploid fibroblasts, has been evaluated for its antiproliferative activity using a panel of twelve different histologic types of fresh human tumor cells. Thirty-nine percent (9/23) of the tumors showed a 70% or greater decrease in colony formation following exposure to 500 international reference units per ml of natural beta IFN, a concentration which is in the clinically achievable range. Interesting, is that leiomyosarcoma, a tumor relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapy, was uniformly sensitive (3/3) to natural beta IFN. Indeed, the antiproliferative activity of beta IFN was consistently superior (in 19/20 comparative assays) to the other conventional chemotherapeutic drugs evaluated for leiomyosarcomas. This study, which suggests that natural beta IFN exhibits significant antiproliferative activity on a variety of fresh human tumor cells, may be useful in orienting clinical trials with natural beta IFN (still in limited supply because of its unique physicochemical nature) to the more susceptible human malignancies.
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83
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Abstract
The interferons are a group of proteins that have inspired a new era of investigation into biological modification. The interferons are now divided into subgroups characterized by chemical means and correspond to different biological responses which can be observed in terms of the inducer used, and the timing of the response. Identified originally as antiviral agents when homologous cell systems were treated prior to infection, new studies have extended these observations to place the interferons in a central role as a strong force in the regulation of immunologic responses. A marriage of interferonology and cell immunology is enlarging both our understanding of the action of these proteins and our ability to follow the course of an illness and eventually to control its outcome . Genetic engineering has provided a way to process quantities of interferon and provided the molecular sequence of all three classes of IFN including a model of the active site for IFN-alpha. The offshot of the technology developed to study the intracellular processes after interferon treatment have already led to increased sensitivity to detect virally treated diseases. Both the variety of the interferon inducers and the scope of parasites in which it can exert its influence provide a frontier of biological investigation which has at the root of its nature the very secret of life. In addition to cellular phenomena, the positive effects on tumor-bearing organisms and the ill effects on infant animals highlight the potential power of the interferons.
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84
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Bradley NJ, Darling JL, Oktar N, Bloom HJ, Thomas DG, Davies AJ. The failure of human leukocyte interferon to influence the growth of human glioma cell populations: in vitro and in vivo studies. Br J Cancer 1983; 48:819-25. [PMID: 6652021 PMCID: PMC2011555 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1983.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Five high-grade (3 grade III and 2 grade IV) astrocytoma tumour cell populations were treated with a preparation of Human Leukocyte Interferon either in monolayer cell culture or as multicellular spheroids in vitro or as xenografts growing in immune-deprived mice in vivo. A moderate and transient sensitivity was seen in one grade III tumour when tested in both of the in vitro assays, but no inhibition of growth was seen in vivo. Two tumours which were apparently resistant to Interferon treatment responded to orthodox chemotherapy. When used in conjunction with BCNU, Interferon was not effective in prolonging delay in tumour growth. It is concluded that Interferon is unlikely to be an effective agent in the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
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85
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Toy JL. The interferons. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54:1-13. [PMID: 6193915 PMCID: PMC1536188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the interferons is presented. A description of something of what is known about them is given, including: their genes; their protein structures and characteristics; their mechanisms of actions; and their varied biological effects emphasising particularly their immunomodulatory actions. Finally, a brief summary is made of the current status of human clinical studies that have been conducted with interferons in the oncological and viral fields, mentioning also recent findings in patients who have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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86
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Gewert DR, Moore G, Clemens MJ. Inhibition of cell division by interferons. The relationship between changes in utilization of thymidine for DNA synthesis and control of proliferation in Daudi cells. Biochem J 1983; 214:983-90. [PMID: 6194788 PMCID: PMC1152341 DOI: 10.1042/bj2140983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the proliferation of Daudi cells by exposure to human lymphoblastoid interferons is associated with an early and marked decrease in the incorporation into DNA of exogenous [3H]thymidine when cells are incubated with trace amounts of this precursor. In contrast, incorporation of exogenous deoxyadenosine into DNA is unchanged under the same conditions. Interferon treatment results in a lowering of thymidine kinase activity, an effect which may be largely responsible for the inhibition of incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA. At higher concentrations of exogenous thymidine, which minimize the contribution of intracellular sources to the dTTP pool, the inhibition of thymidine incorporation is abolished. Under conditions in which exogenous thymidine is rigorously excluded from the medium or, conversely, in which cells are entirely dependent on exogenous thymidine for growth, the magnitude of the inhibition of cell proliferation by interferons is the same as under normal culture conditions. We conclude that, even though cell growth is impaired, the rate of DNA synthesis is not grossly inhibited up to 48 h after commencement of interferon treatment. Furthermore, changes in neither the utilization of exogenous thymidine nor the synthesis of nucleotides de novo are responsible for the effect on cell proliferation.
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87
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Lloyd RE, Blalock JE, Stanton GJ. Cell-to-cell transfer of interferon-induced antiproliferative activity. Science 1983; 221:953-5. [PMID: 6192500 DOI: 10.1126/science.6192500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-treated cells rapidly and efficiently transferred the antiproliferative activity of interferon to untreated cells. This phenomenon was not due to the carry-over of interferon by the interferon-treated cells. Thus, to evoke an antiproliferative state, interferon did not directly contact each cell in a population. The results suggest a novel mechanism by which interferon may indirectly regulate cell growth, and suggests that cells other than those of the immune system may play a role in controlling tumor growth in tissue where cell-to-cell contact occurs.
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88
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Growth regulation of melanoma cells by interferon and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase. Mol Cell Biol 1983. [PMID: 6865941 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.5.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that endogenous, as well as exogenous, interferon (IFN) regulates the growth of human melanoma cells in culture. When antibodies directed against human fibroblast IFN were incorporated into the media of high-density cells stimulated to proliferate with serum, the cells entered the cell cycle earlier than did the controls. In investigating the biochemical basis for this finding, we have found that there is an inverse relationship between the (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase levels and the percentage of cells in S in untreated cultures. Upon IFN treatment, the relationship is obliterated and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase levels increase throughout all phases of the cell cycle. This increase in enzyme levels correlates well with the decreased probability of the IFN-treated cells to cycle. These findings suggest a biological role for IFN as a negative growth factor for cells in culture.
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89
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Creasey AA, Eppstein DA, Marsh YV, Khan Z, Merigan TC. Growth regulation of melanoma cells by interferon and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3:780-6. [PMID: 6865941 PMCID: PMC368600 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.5.780-786.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that endogenous, as well as exogenous, interferon (IFN) regulates the growth of human melanoma cells in culture. When antibodies directed against human fibroblast IFN were incorporated into the media of high-density cells stimulated to proliferate with serum, the cells entered the cell cycle earlier than did the controls. In investigating the biochemical basis for this finding, we have found that there is an inverse relationship between the (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase levels and the percentage of cells in S in untreated cultures. Upon IFN treatment, the relationship is obliterated and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase levels increase throughout all phases of the cell cycle. This increase in enzyme levels correlates well with the decreased probability of the IFN-treated cells to cycle. These findings suggest a biological role for IFN as a negative growth factor for cells in culture.
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90
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Mallucci L, Rasbridge S, Wells V. Cell cycle study on the effect of interferon on synchronized mouse embryo fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1983; 3:181-9. [PMID: 6192186 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1983.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryo fibroblasts synchronized by controlling cultural conditions were used to examine the effects of interferon (IFN) while undergoing a single synchronous cycle of division at the tertiary stage. IFN was added early in G1 and at the G1-S boundary and the duration of specific phases of the cycle were investigated together with biochemical events related to cell cycle progression. Assessment of population distribution by fluorimetric quantitation of DNA content showed that IFN extended G1 and G2 but had no effect on the duration of S phase. Assessment of transport and uptake of exogenous TdR and measurements of specific kinase activity under conditions where DNA synthesis and S phase were not altered showed that IFN had no effect on TdR transport but could markedly reduce TdR uptake, and delay the S phase associated increase of TdR-kinase activity.
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91
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Sundström S, Ny T, Lundgren E. Growth-state independent induction of specific proteins in Swiss 3T3 cells by interferon. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1983; 3:223-9. [PMID: 6192187 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1983.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The early effects of interferon (IFN) on the pattern of protein synthesis in Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 35S-methionine labeled cell extracts. IFN induced within 4 h the synthesis of three proteins with molecular weights of 48, 49, and 50 kD. An increase in the rate of synthesis of a 31 kD protein was also found. These changes were observed after IFN treatment of exponentially growing cells, density-inhibited cells, serum-starved cells, and serum-stimulated quiescent cells. The same protein patterns were obtained from cells treated with IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. The IFN response was blocked by the addition of actinomycin D, implying de novo transcription of the corresponding species of messenger RNA.
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92
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Pfeffer LM, Tamm I. Comparison of the effects of alpha and beta interferons on the proliferation and volume of human tumor cells (HeLa-S3, Daudi, P3HR-1). JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1983; 3:395-408. [PMID: 6672112 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1983.3.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of three lines of tumor cells (epidermoid carcinoma: HeLa-S3, and Burkitt's lymphoma: Daudi and P3HR-1) with human alpha or beta interferon (HuIFN-alpha or HuIFN-beta) results in inhibition of cell proliferation as well as in increased modal cell volume and heterogeneity of the populations with respect to cell volume. In all three cell lines the IFN-alpha- or IFN-beta-induced changes in cell proliferation and in cell volume are inversely related to each other. However, these lines differ significantly in their sensitivity to the effects of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta.
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93
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Stevens B, O'Connor JD. The acquisition of resistance to ecdysteroids in cultured Drosophila cells. Dev Biol 1982; 94:176-82. [PMID: 6818063 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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94
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Ito F, Takii Y, Suzuki J, Masamune Y. Reversible inhibition by human serum lipoproteins of cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 1982; 113:1-7. [PMID: 6215416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Normal human serum or plasma was studied for the presence of inhibitors of cell proliferation by assaying inhibition of incorporation of labeled thymidine into acid-insoluble fraction using human FL cells. Lipoprotein fraction obtained by gel filtration through Sepharose 4B and by KBr density gradient centrifugation was found to play a major part of the inhibitory activity of the serum. It was also shown that the inhibitory activity resides in low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The addition of the lipoprotein fraction to growing FL cells caused an early decrease in the transport of uridine and thymidine across the membrane. This change in the permeability of membrane was followed by the preferential inhibition of DNA synthesis and a reduction in the percentage of mitotic cells in the cell population. The inhibition of the growth was reversible and was observed in various types of cells irrespective of species.
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95
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Lin SL, Greene JJ, Ts'o PO, Carter WA. Sensitivity and resistance of human tumor cells to interferon and rIn . rCn. Nature 1982; 297:417-9. [PMID: 6176882 DOI: 10.1038/297417a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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96
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Basham TY, Bourgeade MF, Creasey AA, Merigan TC. Interferon increases HLA synthesis in melanoma cells: interferon-resistant and -sensitive cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:3265-9. [PMID: 6179079 PMCID: PMC346396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.10.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that human leukocyte interferon preparations increase the expression of beta 2-microglobulin by 100-200% on the surface of normal fibroblast and melanoma cell lines sensitive to interferon. This increase in expression can be correlated with an increase in HLA synthesis as measured by incorporation of [35S]methionine in these antigens. This enhanced HLA synthesis, which is 5- to 17-fold, is time dependent and dose related. Synchronized cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle appear to be more sensitive to this interferon action. Neither an increase in surface expression nor in HLA synthesis is observed in a melanoma cell line resistant to the antiviral and antigrowth effects of interferon. Furthermore, there appears to be a stronger correlation between this increased HLA synthesis and the antiviral function than between it and the antiproliferative action of interferon.
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97
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Thiers BH. Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 6:559-62. [PMID: 6176602 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(82)80382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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98
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Creasey AA, Merigan TC. Advances in interferon research - Medical Staff Conference. West J Med 1982; 136:227-35. [PMID: 6178224 PMCID: PMC1273650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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99
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Kimchi A, Shure H, Lapidot Y, Rapoport S, Panet A, Revel M. Antimitogenic effects of interferon and (2'-5')-oligoadenylate in synchronized 3T3 fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1981; 134:212-6. [PMID: 6171460 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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100
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Doetsch PW, Suhadolnik RJ, Sawada Y, Mosca JD, Flick MB, Reichenbach NL, Dang AQ, Wu JM, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W, Henderson EE. Core (2'-5')oligoadenylate and the cordycepin analog: inhibitors of Epstein--Barr virus-induced transformation of human lymphocytes in the absence of interferon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:6699-703. [PMID: 6171822 PMCID: PMC349117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.11.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) analog of (2'-5')oligo(A) [(2'-5')oligoadenylate with a triphosphate at the 5' end], synthesized enzymatically from cordycepin 5'-triphosphate in lysed rabbit reticulocytes or L-cell extracts was (i) inhibitory to translation in lysed rabbit reticulocytes and (ii) metabolically stable in extracts of either L cells or C85-5C lymphoblasts. The 5' dephosphorylated (core) (2'-5')oligo(A) and the core cordycepin analog can replace human fibroblast interferon in preventing the transformation of human lymphocytes after infection with Epstein--Barr virus B95-8 (EBV) as determined by the decreased incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cellular DNA and the inhibition of morphological transformation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. Whereas the naturally occurring core (2'-5')oligo(A) was cytotoxic to uninfected lymphocytes and proliferating lymphoblasts, the core cordycepin analog was not. Human leukocyte interferon was more effective than human fibroblast interferon in the inhibition of EBV-induced transformation of human umbilical cord lymphocytes and adult peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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