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Prokhorenko VI, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center: A Photon Echo Study,. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002323n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin I. Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45413 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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52
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Dekker JP, Van Grondelle R. Primary charge separation in Photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2000; 63:195-208. [PMID: 16228430 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006468024245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Minireview, we discuss a number of issues on the primary photosynthetic reactions of the green plant Photosystem II. We discuss the origin of the 683 and 679 nm absorption bands of the PS II RC complex and suggest that these forms may reflect the single-site spectrum with dominant contributions from the zero-phonon line and a pronounced approximately 80 cm(-1) phonon side band, respectively. The couplings between the six central RC chlorins are probably very similar and, therefore, a 'multimer' model arises in which there is no 'special pair' and in which for each realization of the disorder the excitation may be dynamically localized on basically any combination of neighbouring chlorins. The key features of our model for the primary reactions in PS II include ultrafast (<500 fs) energy transfer processes within the multimer, 'slow' ( approximately 20 ps) energy transfer processes from peripheral RC chlorophylls to the RC multimer, ultrafast charge separation (<500 fs) with a low yield starting from the singlet-excited 'accessory' chlorophyll of the active branch, cation transfer from this 'accessory' chlorophyll to a 'special pair' chlorophyll and/or charge separation starting from this 'special pair' chlorophyll ( approximately 8 ps), and slow relaxation ( approximately 50 ps) of the radical pair by conformational changes of the protein. The charge separation in the PS II RC can probably not be described as a simple trap-limited or diffusion-limited process, while for the PS II core and larger complexes the transfer of the excitation energy to the PS II RC may be rate limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dekker
- Faculty of Sciences, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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53
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Jankowiak R, Rätsep M, Picorel R, Seibert M, Small GJ. Excited States of the 5-Chlorophyll Photosystem II Reaction Center. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9906738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - M. Rätsep
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - R. Picorel
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - M. Seibert
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory−U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080-Zaragoza, Spain, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
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54
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Greenfield SR, Seibert M, Wasielewski MR. Time-Resolved Absorption Changes of the Pheophytin Qx Band in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers at 7 K: Energy Transfer and Charge Separation. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990962w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Greenfield
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael Seibert
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, Basic Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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55
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van Brederode ME, van Grondelle R. New and unexpected routes for ultrafast electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:1-7. [PMID: 10428460 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers, the excitation with light leads to the formation of a charge separated state across the photosynthetic membrane. For the reaction center of purple non-sulphur bacteria, it was previously generally assumed that this primary charge separation could only start with the excitation of the so-called special pair of bacteriochlorophyll molecules located in the heart of the RC. However, recently new and ultrafast pathways of charge separation have been discovered in the bacterial RC that are driven directly by the excited state of the accessory monomeric bacteriochlorophyll present in the active branch of cofactors. These results demonstrate that the route for energy conversion in photosynthesis can be much more flexible than previously thought. We suggest that the existence of multiple charge separation routes is particularly relevant for the mechanism of charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E van Brederode
- Department of Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems, Vrije Universiteit and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences (IMBW), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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56
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van Brederode ME, van Mourik F, van Stokkum IH, Jones MR, van Grondelle R. Multiple pathways for ultrafast transduction of light energy in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:2054-9. [PMID: 10051593 PMCID: PMC26735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A pathway of electron transfer is described that operates in the wild-type reaction center (RC) of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The pathway does not involve the excited state of the special pair dimer of bacteriochlorophylls (P*), but instead is driven by the excited state of the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (BA*) present in the active branch of pigments along which electron transfer occurs. Pump-probe experiments were performed at 77 K on membrane-bound RCs by using different excitation wavelengths, to investigate the formation of the charge separated state P+HA-. In experiments in which P or BA was selectively excited at 880 nm or 796 nm, respectively, the formation of P+HA- was associated with similar time constants of 1.5 ps and 1. 7 ps. However, the spectral changes associated with the two time constants are very different. Global analysis of the transient spectra shows that a mixture of P+BA- and P* is formed in parallel from BA* on a subpicosecond time scale. In contrast, excitation of the inactive branch monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (BB) and the high exciton component of P (P+) resulted in electron transfer only after relaxation to P*. The multiple pathways for primary electron transfer in the bacterial RC are discussed with regard to the mechanism of charge separation in the RC of photosystem II from higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E van Brederode
- Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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57
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F. T. H. den Hartog,, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, Völker S. Spectral Distributions of “Trap” Pigments in the RC, CP47, and CP47−RC Complexes of Photosystem II at Low Temperature: A Fluorescence Line-Narrowing and Hole-Burning Study. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9832793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. T. H. den Hartog,
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Noguchi T, Tomo T, Inoue Y. Fourier transform infrared study of the cation radical of P680 in the photosystem II reaction center: evidence for charge delocalization on the chlorophyll dimer. Biochemistry 1998; 37:13614-25. [PMID: 9753448 DOI: 10.1021/bi9812975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectrum of the primary electron donor (P680) of photosystem II upon its photooxidation (P680+/P680) was obtained in the frequency region of 1000-3000 cm-1. The reaction center (RC) complex (D1-D2-Cytb559) was used for the measurements in the presence of ferricyanide as an exogenous electron acceptor. Control measurements of electronic absorption (300-1200 nm) showed that illumination of the RC complex at 150 K induced major oxidation of P680 concomitant with oxidation of a carotenoid and an accessory chlorophyll (Chl). Illumination at 250 K also specifically bleached one of the two beta-carotene molecules bound to the RC complex, and the sample thus treated exhibited little formation of a carotenoid cation on subsequent illumination at 150 K. The P680+/P680 FTIR difference spectrum (with minor contamination of Chl+/Chl) was measured at 150 K using this partially carotenoid-deficient RC complex. The spectrum showed a broad positive band centered at approximately 1940 cm-1, which could be ascribed to an infrared electronic transition of P680+ analogous to that previously observed in various bacterial P+. This finding indicates that a positive charge is delocalized over (or hopping between) the two Chl molecules in P680+. The low intensity of this electronic band compared with that of the bacterial band could have three possible explanations: weak resonance interaction between the constituent Chl molecules, an asymmetric structure of P680+, and the difference in Chl species. Bands in the C=O stretching region (1600-1750 cm-1) were interpreted in comparison with resonance Raman spectra of the RC complex. The negative peaks at 1704 and 1679 cm-1 were proposed as candidates for the keto C9=O bands of P680. The observation that neither of these bands agreed with the main keto C9=O band at 1669 cm-1 in the previous 3P680/P680 FTIR spectrum [Noguchi et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 7186-7195] led to the idea that the triplet state migrates to a Chl (designated as ChlT) different from P680 at low temperatures. Based on these results, structural models of Chl molecules including P680 and ChlT and their coupling in the cation, triplet, and Qy singlet states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noguchi
- Photosynthesis Research Laboratory, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan.
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Peterman EJ, van Amerongen H, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP. The nature of the excited state of the reaction center of photosystem II of green plants: a high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:6128-33. [PMID: 9600929 PMCID: PMC27597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1997] [Accepted: 03/16/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the electronically excited state of the isolated reaction center of photosystem II with high-resolution fluorescence spectroscopy at 5 K and compared the obtained spectral features with those obtained earlier for the primary electron donor. The results show that there is a striking resemblance between the emitting and charge-separating states in the photosystem II reaction center, such as a very similar shape of the phonon wing with characteristic features at 19 and 80 cm-1, almost identical frequencies of a number of vibrational modes, a very similar double-Gaussian shape of the inhomogeneous distribution function, and relatively strong electron-phonon coupling for both states. We suggest that the emission at 5 K originates either from an exciton state delocalized over the inactive branch of the photosystem or from a fraction of the primary electron donor that is long-lived at 5 K. The latter possibility can be explained by a distribution of the free energy difference of the primary charge separation reaction around zero. Both possibilities are in line with the idea that the state that drives primary charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II is a collective state, with contributions from all chlorophyll molecules in the central part of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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