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Abstract
Studies in humans and mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suggest that the development of autoantibodies and disease is dependent on T helper (Th) cells. This review highlights recent efforts to identify the antigens that activate such autoreactive Th cells. Various laboratories are using different approaches to identify the autoantigenic epitopes, which appear to be derived from diverse sources such as nucleosome core histones, ribonucleoproteins, and immunoglobulin variable regions. Identification of the putative autoantigenic epitopes has raised the possibility of peptide-specific vaccination as therapy for SLE. Indeed, vaccination of prenephritic lupus-susceptible mice with such peptides delays the development of autoantibodies and nephritis, and prolongs survival. Recent data suggest that peptide treatment can also influence established disease in older lupus mice. These studies offer new hope for a similar treatment approach in patients with SLE. Studies have begun to identify T cell epitopes in human disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoantigens/chemistry
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universisty of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ohio 45267-0563, USA.
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52
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Eilat E, Zinger H, Nyska A, Mozes E. Prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice by treating with CDR1- and CDR3-based peptides of a pathogenic autoantibody. J Clin Immunol 2000; 20:268-78. [PMID: 10939714 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006663519132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of a pathogenic murine anti-DNA antibody were employed in an attempt to prevent the spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease of (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Female mice, at the age of 2 months, were injected with either the CDR1- or the CDR3-based peptides (pCDR1, pCDR3) subcutaneously or intravenously in aqueous solution for a total of 8-10 treatments. A reduction was observed in the total and pathogenic IgG2a and IgG3 anti-DNA antibody titers in the CDR-treated groups. Treatment reduced the number of mice that developed proteinuria and immune complex deposits in their kidneys. The severity of renal pathology was significantly reduced in the pCDR3 (P<0.02) and pCDR1 (P< or = 0.05) treated mice. Thus, both CDR-based peptides administered in aqueous solution were capable of preventing the SLE-like disease in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice, although the beneficial effects of pCDR3 appeared to be more pronounced than those of pCDR1 in the treated mice.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/chemistry
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/therapeutic use
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunotherapy
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Kidney/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/prevention & control
- Lupus Nephritis/pathology
- Lupus Nephritis/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eilat
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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53
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Dayan M, Segal R, Sthoeger Z, Waisman A, Brosh N, Elkayam O, Eilat E, Fridkin M, Mozes E. Immune response of SLE patients to peptides based on the complementarity determining regions of a pathogenic anti-DNA monoclonal antibody. J Clin Immunol 2000; 20:187-94. [PMID: 10941826 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006685413157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the humoral and cellular responses of SLE patients to peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody with a major idiotype- 16/6 Id, in comparison to their responses to the whole 16/6 Id-bearing antibody. Sera of 63% of the SLE patients had antibodies that bound the 16/6 Id, 80% had antibodies to one of the CDR-based peptides, and 40% of the patients reacted with both CDRs. Sera of only a few controls reacted with either the 16/6 Id (6%) or the CDR based peptides (4%) (P < 0.01). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 39% of the patients proliferated in response to the 16/6 Id or to one of the CDR-based peptides (37%), while in the control group the proliferation rates were 66% to the 16/6 Id and 59% to one of the CDR-based peptides (P < 0.05). The correlation between (both) the humoral and cellular immune responses to the CDR-based peptides and to the 16/6 Id suggests the relevance of these peptides to the 16/6 Id and provides additional information on the pathogenic moiety of the latter antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dayan
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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54
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Brosh N, Eilat E, Zinger H, Mozes E. Characterization and role in experimental systemic lupus erythematosus of T-cell lines specific to peptides based on complementarity-determining region-1 and complementarity-determining region-3 of a pathogenic anti-DNA monoclonal antibody. Immunology 2000; 99:257-65. [PMID: 10692045 PMCID: PMC2327144 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides based on the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR3 of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (mAb) carrying the 16/6 idiotype (Id) were shown to induce experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in susceptible mouse strains. In the present study, T-cell lines specific to the pCDR1 and pCDR3 peptides were established in BALB/c and in SJL mice, respectively. The T-cell lines were characterized and analysed for their pathogenicity upon administration to syngeneic mouse strains. Both T-cell lines expressed the alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR) and the CD4+ CD8- phenotype. Additionally, both cell lines secreted interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 upon stimulation with their specific peptide, thus belonged to the T helper 2 (Th2) subset. Upon immunization, the pCDR3-specific T-cell line induced experimental SLE in SJL mice. The animals produced high levels of autoimmune anti-DNA and antinuclear protein antibodies, as well as anti-16/6 Id antibodies (Abs). Furthermore, the mice developed clinical manifestations, including leukopenia, proteinuria and accumulation of immune complex deposits in their kidneys. The pCDR1-specific T-cell line failed to induce SLE when injected into BALB/c mice. It is thus suggested that pCDR3 is an immunodominant epitope in experimental SLE and that pCDR3-specific T cells initiate autoimmunity, leading to SLE, probably via epitope spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brosh
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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55
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Levite M, Hermelin A. Autoimmunity to the glutamate receptor in mice--a model for Rasmussen's encephalitis? J Autoimmun 1999; 13:73-82. [PMID: 10441170 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1999.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vivo pathogenic potential of murine autoimmunity to peptides of the glutamate/AMPA receptor subunit 3 (GluR3). Antibodies to GluR3 are found in human epilepsy, Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE). In our accompanying paper in this issue we found that murine antibodies to the GluR3B peptide (amino acids 372-395) bind neurons in culture, evoke GluR channel activity, and kill neurons in a complement-independent excitotoxic manner, mimicking the pathophysiologic effects of excess of glutamate. In the present study, we immunized four mouse strains (BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, SJL/J and C57BL/6) with the GluR3B peptide, and investigated the development of (1) anti-GluR3B antibodies; (2) anti-GluR3 T cells; (3) clinical symptoms and abnormal behaviour; (4) brain pathology. We found that BALB/c, C3H/HeJ and SJL/J mice strains developed high titres of anti-GluR3B antibodies. The low levels anti-GluR3B antibodies raised in C57BL/6 mice suggest that the genetic background of mice influences their ability to mount a humoral autoimmune response towards the GluR3B peptide. The GluR3B-immunized mice also developed anti-GluR3B T cells, and their splenocytes showed significantly biased frequencies of particular (Vbeta11, Vbeta7 and Vbeta8) TCR Vbeta families. Surprisingly, GluR3B-immunized mice also raised high anti-ssDNA humoral immunoreactivity. GluR3B-immunized mice exhibited multiple brain pathology, partially resembling that observed in RE, and subclinical behavioral abnormalities, but no epilepsy, even upon facilitating the entry of the autoreactive antibodies into the brain, by weakening the blood-brain barrier. Taken together, these results suggest that autoimmunity to the GluR3B epitope may account for the neuronal death and brain pathology seen in neurodegenerative diseases like RE, but may not be sufficient to underly epilepsy, at least not in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/biosynthesis
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoimmunity
- Brain/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis/etiology
- Encephalitis/immunology
- Encephalitis/pathology
- Epilepsies, Partial/etiology
- Epilepsies, Partial/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, AMPA/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levite
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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56
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Montesano MA, Colley DG, Freeman GL, Secor WE. Neonatal Exposure to Idiotype Induces Schistosoma mansoni Egg Antigen-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exposure of neonatal mice to appropriate, cross-reactive Id (CRI) preparations alters immune responsiveness, ameliorates pathology, and prolongs survival of animals upon subsequent Schistosoma mansoni infection. However, because schistosome infections profoundly affect host immunobiology, which responses are effected by neonatal Id exposure alone and which responses are influenced by infection is unclear. To directly examine the schistosome soluble egg Ag (SEA)-specific immune responses altered by CRI exposure, neonatal mice were injected with CRI-expressing (CRI+) SEA-specific Ab preparations, SEA-specific Abs that did not express CRI (CRI−), or normal mouse Ig. At 9 wk of age, only mice that were neonatally exposed to CRI+ anti-SEA Abs displayed significant SEA-specific IgG serum levels and spleen cell proliferative responses. SEA-stimulated spleen cells from these CRI+-exposed mice also produced IFN-γ, although not at significantly higher levels than mice receiving CRI− Id or normal mouse Ig. If CRI+-exposed mice were also injected with SEA at 8 wk of age, the 9-wk IFN-γ responses were significantly higher than those of the other neonatal injection groups. The presence of both CRI and anti-CRI in the sera of animals neonatally injected with CRI, but receiving no exposure to S. mansoni Ags or infection, suggested a functional idiotypic network led to these responses. These data demonstrate that appropriate idiotypic exposure induces B and T cell responsiveness to the Ag recognized by the Id and support the hypothesis that neonatal idiotypic exposure can be an important immunoregulatory factor in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Angela Montesano
- *Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and
- †Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Daniel G. Colley
- †Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - George L. Freeman
- †Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - W. Evan Secor
- †Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341
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57
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Jouanne C, Avrameas S, Payelle-Brogard B. A peptide derived from a polyreactive monoclonal anti-DNA natural antibody can modulate lupus development in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Immunology 1999; 96:333-9. [PMID: 10233713 PMCID: PMC2326772 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 (B/W) mice, elevated levels of polyreactive autoantibodies bearing the D23 idiotype (Id), characteristic of natural antibodies, were detected before and after the appearance of pathological anti-DNA antibodies. While these D23 Id+ antibodies were able to regulate anti-DNA antibodies in the early stage of the disease, we found that during disease evolution they had lost their normal ability to regulate anti-DNA antibodies and furthermore could participate in the lupus-like syndrome. To explore further the role of the D23 Id+ antibodies, we injected young B/W mice with a peptide corresponding to the VH CDR3 region of the D23 monoclonal natural antibody (mNAb). High levels of monospecific antipeptide, as well as polyreactive antibodies, were induced. Among them, the most markedly enhanced antibody population was DNA-reactive immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Compared with controls, these immunized mice had a delayed 50% survival rate and proteinuria developed later. Furthermore, IgG1 able to react with IgG2a anti-DNA monoclonal antibodies derived from B/W mice were also produced after peptide immunization. Thus, a peptide corresponding to the CDR3 of the D23 mNAb antibody might play a role in the regulation of murine lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jouanne
- Unité d'Immunocytochimie, CNRS URA 1961, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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58
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Montesano MA, Colley DG, Eloi-Santos S, Freeman GL, Secor WE. Neonatal idiotypic exposure alters subsequent cytokine, pathology, and survival patterns in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infections. J Exp Med 1999; 189:637-45. [PMID: 9989978 PMCID: PMC2192931 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.4.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal idiotypes (Ids) or antigens might predispose a child to develop an immunoregulated, asymptomatic clinical presentation of schistosomiasis. We have used an experimental murine system to address the role of Ids in this immunoregulation. Sera from mice with 8-wk Schistosoma mansoni infection, chronic (20-wk infection) moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS), or chronic hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) were passed over an S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) immunoaffinity column to prepare Ids (8WkId, MSS Id, HSS Id). Newborn mice were injected with 8WkId, MSS Id, HSS Id, or normal mouse immunoglobulin (NoMoIgG) and infected with S. mansoni 8 wk later. Mice exposed to 8WkId or MSS Id as newborns had prolonged survival and decreased morbidity compared with mice that received HSS Id or NoMoIgG. When stimulated with SEA, 8WkId, or MSS Id, spleen cells from mice neonatally injected with 8WkId or MSS Id produced more interferon gamma than spleen cells from mice neonatally injected with HSS Id or NoMoIgG. Furthermore, neonatal exposure to 8WkId or MSS Id, but not NoMoIgG or HSS Id, led to significantly smaller granuloma size and lower hepatic fibrosis levels in infected mice. Together, these results indicate that perinatal exposure to appropriate anti-SEA Ids induces long-term effects on survival, pathology, and immune response patterns in mice subsequently infected with S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Montesano
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil 36036
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59
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Autoantibodies as a Source of Peptides That Regulate Autoantibody Production. Lupus 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-703-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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60
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Singh RR, Hahn BH, Tsao BP, Ebling FM. Evidence for multiple mechanisms of polyclonal T cell activation in murine lupus. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:1841-9. [PMID: 9819370 PMCID: PMC509134 DOI: 10.1172/jci3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with systemic autoantibody-mediated diseases such as lupus have polyclonal T and B cell activation. Yet, autoantibody production is restricted to certain autoantigens. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We propose three potential mechanisms by which autoreactive helper T cell responses diversify to become polyclonal, yet are restricted to certain antigens. First, using a model where self-Ig peptides spontaneously activate T cells and modulate disease in lupus mice, we demonstrate that the numbers of autoantibody-augmenting T helper peptides increased across the Ig molecule as mice aged ("intramolecular determinant spreading"). Secondly, a single T cell hybridoma established from a (NZB x NZW)F1 mouse immunized with one self-Ig peptide recognized several Ig-derived determinants, which had little sequence homology with the immunizing peptide. Such determinant degeneracy can lead to polyclonality. To explore a mechanism for restriction to certain autoantigens, a protein database search was done for homologies with sequences of selected stimulatory Ig peptides. Identical sequences of such determinants were not found in murine proteins other than Ig. These occurred infrequently in nonautoantibody Ig, but quite commonly in lupus-related autoantibodies such as antibodies to DNA, cardiolipin, and erythrocytes. Thus, determinant spreading and degenerate recognition in T cells coupled with recurring use of T cell determinant sequences among autoantibodies result in polyclonality that is restricted to certain autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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61
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Singh RR, Hahn BH. Reciprocal T-B determinant spreading develops spontaneously in murine lupus: implications for pathogenesis. Immunol Rev 1998; 164:201-8. [PMID: 9795777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent work from several laboratories has shown that, in contrast to the widely held notion that one autoimmune disease is caused by one or a few related autoantigenic determinants, autoimmunity is fundamentally a continuously evolving process. The autoimmune responses shift, drift and diversify with time not only to other determinants in the original antigen but also to other antigens. We have described a form of determinant spreading--reciprocal T-B determinant spreading--where the induction of first T cells by peptides from an autoantibody molecule could lead to help provided to a variety of B cells displaying a cross-reactive version of the original determinant. The response spreads in this way by reciprocal T-B stimulation until large cohorts of T and B cells have expanded. Such spontaneous expansion must be important in clinical disease, since tolerance induction to a limited set of T-cell determinant peptides derived from an anti-DNA antibody VH region delayed the appearance of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies and onset of lupus nephritis in the NZB/NZW F1 mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the diversification patterns in autoimmune responses has enormous implications in developing peptide-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1670, USA.
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62
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Uner AH, Tatum AH, Knupp CJ, Gavalchin J. Characteristics of auto anti-idiotypic antibodies reactive with antibodies expressing the pathogenic idiotype, IdLNF1, in the (NZB x SWR)F1 model for lupus nephritis and its parental strains. J Autoimmun 1998; 11:233-40. [PMID: 9693971 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1998.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The F1 cross between SWR and NZB mice, SNF1, develops severe immune complex glomerulonephritis, in a similar manner to humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our previous data indicate that the idiotypically-related family of antibodies, IdLNF1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of this nephritis. The sera of SNF1 mice, but not NZB or SWR, contained high titers of IdLNF1+ IgG antibodies, which peaked at 22-24 weeks, coinciding with an increase in the CD4 to CD8 ratio of IdLNF1-reactive T cells and IdLNF1 Ig (IgG + IgM) deposition in the kidney glomerulus. Here, auto anti-IdLNF1 antibody levels were quantitated as the mice aged and were found to be significantly different in the three strains, particularly after 20 weeks of age. Moreover, auto anti-IdLNF1 antibody levels were decreased only in SNF1 mice at 20-24 weeks of age. Auto anti-IdLNF1 antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography; anti-IdLNF1 antibodies derived from SNF1 appeared to be of the Ab2 beta or gamma type, while those from SWR mice were Ab2 alpha. Thus, differences in the specificity of auto anti-idiotypic antibodies may be critical in the regulation of the IdLNF1 idiotype in SWR and SNF1 mice, and the development of nephritis in SNF1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Uner
- Department of Microbiology, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse 13210, USA
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63
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Katz-Levy Y, Dayan M, Wirguin I, Fridkin M, Sela M, Mozes E. Single amino acid analogs of a myasthenogenic peptide modulate specific T cell responses and prevent the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 85:78-86. [PMID: 9627000 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide p259-271 of the human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit, preferentially stimulates T cells of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and is an immunodominant epitope for T cells of BALB/c mice. A p259-271 specific T cell line of BALB/c origin was established and was shown to induce experimental MG in naive mice. Seven analogs of p259-271 were synthesized, and two of them were found to inhibit the p259-271 specific proliferative responses of the line and of p259-271 primed lymph node cells. Moreover, the most efficient inhibitor, analog 262Lys, prevented the MG related manifestations in mice inoculated with the line, and might be of potential value for the treatment of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Katz-Levy
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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64
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Abstract
New treatments for autoimmune renal disease are required, and a developing knowledge of its underlying immunopathogenesis has identified sites where immunotherapy is likely to be effective. Experience with intravenous immunoglobulin and lymphocyte depletion by monoclonal antibodies in systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus is awaiting confirmation by randomized trials. Treatments at or near clinical testing include monoclonal antibody blockade of leucocyte-endothelial interactions and CD40 mediated B-cell activation, and immunoablation with autologous stem-cell transplantation for more severe multisystem autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Jayne
- Division of Renal Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
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