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Manzo G, Casu M, Rinaldi AC, Montaldo NP, Luganini A, Gribaudo G, Scorciapino MA. Folded structure and insertion depth of the frog-skin antimicrobial Peptide esculentin-1b(1-18) in the presence of differently charged membrane-mimicking micelles. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2410-2417. [PMID: 25337981 DOI: 10.1021/np5004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effectors of the innate immunity of most organisms. Their role in the defense against pathogen attack and their high selectivity for bacterial cells make them attractive for the development of a new class of antimicrobial drugs. The N-terminal fragment of the frog-skin peptide esculentin-1b (Esc(1-18)) has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Similarly to most cationic AMPs, it is supposed to act by binding to and damaging the negatively charged plasma membrane of bacteria. Differently from many other AMPs, Esc(1-18) activity is preserved in biological fluids such as serum. In this work, a structural investigation was performed through NMR spectroscopy. The 3D structure was obtained in the presence of either zwitterionic or negatively charged micelles as membrane models for eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, respectively. Esc(1-18) showed a higher affinity for and deeper insertion into the latter and adopted an amphipathic helical structure characterized by a kink at the residue G8. These findings were confirmed by measuring penetration into lipid monolayers. The presence of negatively charged lipids in the bilayer appears to be necessary for Esc(1-18) to bind, to fold in the right three-dimensional structure, and, ultimately, to exert its biological role as an AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manzo
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences and ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria , I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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52
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Bezzerri V, Avitabile C, Dechecchi MC, Lampronti I, Borgatti M, Montagner G, Cabrini G, Gambari R, Romanelli A. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of a temporin B peptide analogue on an in vitro model of cystic fibrosis. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:822-30. [PMID: 25201563 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural peptides with antimicrobial properties are deeply investigated as tools to fight bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. Small peptides, as those belonging to the temporin family, are very attractive because their activity can easily be tuned after small modification to their primary sequence. Structure-activity studies previously reported by us allowed the identification of one peptide, analogue of temporin B, TB_KKG6A, showing, unlike temporin B, antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we investigated the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the peptide TB_KKG6A against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, we found that the peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity at low concentrations, being able to downregulate the pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α produced downstream infected human bronchial epithelial cells. Experiments were carried out also with temporin B, which was found to show pro-inflammatory activity. Details on the interaction between TB_KKG6A and the P. aeruginosa LPS were obtained by circular dichroism and fluorescence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Bezzerri
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Università di Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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53
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Ghosh A, Kar RK, Jana J, Saha A, Jana B, Krishnamoorthy J, Kumar D, Ghosh S, Chatterjee S, Bhunia A. Indolicidin targets duplex DNA: structural and mechanistic insight through a combination of spectroscopy and microscopy. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2052-8. [PMID: 25044630 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indolicidin (IR13), a 13-residue antimicrobial peptide from the cathelicidin family, is known to exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. This peptide inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis resulting in cell filamentation. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear and requires further investigation. The central PWWP motif of IR13 provides a unique structural element that can wrap around, and thus stabilize, duplex B-type DNA structures. Replacements of the central Trp-Trp pair with Ala-Ala, His-His, or Phe-Phe residues in the PxxP motif significantly affects the ability of the peptide to stabilize duplex DNA. Results of microscopy studies in conjunction with spectroscopic data confirm that the DNA duplex is stabilized by IR13, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. In this study we provide high-resolution structural information on the interaction between indolicidin and DNA, which will be beneficial for the design of novel therapeutic antibiotics based on peptide scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054 (India)
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Mohanram H, Bhattacharjya S. Cysteine deleted protegrin-1 (CDP-1): anti-bacterial activity, outer-membrane disruption and selectivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3006-16. [PMID: 24997421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protegin-1 (PG-1: RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR-amide) assumes a rigid β-hairpin like structure that is stabilized by two disulfide bridges between Cys6-Cys15 and Cys8-Cys13. Previous studies, employing linear analogs of PG-1, with Cys to Ala mutations or modified Cys, have demonstrated that the disulfide bridges are critical for the broad spectrum and salt resistant antimicrobial activity of PG-1. METHODS In order to understand structural and functional roles of disulfide bonds in protegrins, we have synthesized a Cys deleted variant of PG-1 or CDP-1, RGGRLYRRRFVVGR-amide, and two of its analogs, RR11, RLYRRRFVVGR-amide, and LR10, LYRRRFVVGR-amide, containing deletion of residues at the N-terminus. These peptides have been characterized for bactericidal activity and mode of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using optical spectroscopy, ITC and NMR. RESULTS Antibacterial activity, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, of the three peptides follows the order: CDP-1>RR11>LR10. LR10 displays only limited activity toward Gram-negative strains. CDP-1 demonstrates efficient membrane permeabilization and high-affinity interactions with LPS. CDP-1 and RR11 both assume β-hairpin like compact structures in complex with LPS, whereas LR10 adopts an extended conformation in LPS. In zwitterionic DPC micelles CDP-1 and the truncated analog peptides do not adopt folded conformations. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of stabilizing disulfide bridges CDP-1 shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and assumes β-hairpin like structure in complex with LPS. The β-hairpin structure may be essential for outer membrane permeabilization and cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Mohanram
- School of Biological Sciences, Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
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55
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Abbassi F, Piesse C, Foulon T, Nicolas P, Ladram A. Effects of residue 5-point mutation and N-terminus hydrophobic residues on temporin-SHc physicochemical and biological properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:91-9. [PMID: 24842084 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Temporin-SHc (FLSHIAGFLSNLFamide) first isolated from skin extraction of the Tunisian frog Pelophylax saharica, which shows potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is highly active against yeasts and fungi without hemolytic activity at antimicrobial concentrations. The peptide adopts well-defined α-helical conformation when bound to SDS micelles. In this study, we explored the effects of residue at position 5 and the N-terminus hydrophobic character on the hydrophilic/polar face of temp-SHc, on its biological activities (antimicrobial and hemolytic) and biophysical properties (hydrophobicity, amphipathicity and helicity). Antibacterial and hemolytic properties of temporin-SHc derivatives depend strongly on physicochemical properties. Therefore, slight decreasing amphipathicity together with hydrophobicity and helicity by the substitution Ile(5) → Leu decreased antimicrobial potency approximately twofold without changing of hemolytic activity. It is noteworthy that a conservative amino acid substitution decreases the antimicrobial activity, underlining the differences between Leu/Ile side chains insertion into the lipid bilayer. While the modification of N-terminal hydrophobic character by four residue inversion decreased amphipathicity (twofold) of (4-1)L5temp-SHc and resulted in an increase in antibacterial activity against E. coli, E. faecalis and C. parapsilosis of at least fourfold, its therapeutic potential is limited by its drastic increase of hemolysis (LC₅₀ = 2 μM). We found that the percentage of helicity of temp-SHc analog is directly correlated to its hemolytic activity. Last, the hydrophobic N-terminal character is an important determinant of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Abbassi
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, ER3 Biogenèse des Signaux Peptidiques (BIOSIPE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France,
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56
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Kuznetsov AS, Dubovskii PV, Vorontsova OV, Feofanov AV, Efremov RG. Interaction of linear cationic peptides with phospholipid membranes and polymers of sialic acid. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:459-68. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Di Grazia A, Luca V, Segev-Zarko LAT, Shai Y, Mangoni ML. Temporins A and B stimulate migration of HaCaT keratinocytes and kill intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2520-7. [PMID: 24514087 PMCID: PMC3993219 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02801-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of microbial pathogens resistant to available antibiotics is a serious threat to human life. Among them is the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which colonizes keratinocytes, the most abundant cell type in the epidermis. Its intracellular accumulation complicates treatments against resulting infections, mainly due to the limited diffusion of conventional drugs into the cells. Temporins A (Ta) and B (Tb) are short frog skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Despite extensive studies regarding their antimicrobial activity, very little is known about their activity on infected cells or involvement in various immunomodulatory functions. Here we show that Tb kills both ATCC-derived and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus within infected HaCaT keratinocytes (80% and 40% bacterial mortality, respectively) at a nontoxic concentration, i.e., 16 μM, whereas a weaker effect is displayed by Ta. Furthermore, the peptides prevent killing of keratinocytes by the invading bacteria. Further studies revealed that both temporins promote wound healing in a monolayer of HaCaT cells, with front speed migrations of 19 μm/h and 12 μm/h for Ta and Tb, respectively. Migration is inhibited by mitomycin C and involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Finally, confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that the peptides diffuse into the cells. By combining antibacterial and wound-healing activities, Ta and Tb may act as multifunctional mediators of innate immunity in humans. Particularly, their nonendogenous origin may reduce microbial resistance to them as well as the risk of autoimmune diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Grazia
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Yechiel Shai
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli,” Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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58
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Mohanram H, Bhattacharjya S. β-Boomerang Antimicrobial and Antiendotoxic Peptides: Lipidation and Disulfide Bond Effects on Activity and Structure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:482-501. [PMID: 24756162 PMCID: PMC4014704 DOI: 10.3390/ph7040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and endotoxin- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammations are among some of the most prominent health issues globally. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are eminent molecules that can kill drug-resistant strains and neutralize LPS toxicity. LPS, the outer layer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria safeguards cell integrity against hydrophobic compounds, including antibiotics and AMPs. Apart from maintaining structural integrity, LPS, when released into the blood stream, also induces inflammatory pathways leading to septic shock. In previous works, we have reported the de novo design of a set of 12-amino acid long cationic/hydrophobic peptides for LPS binding and activity. These peptides adopt β-boomerang like conformations in complex with LPS. Structure-activity studies demonstrated some critical features of the β-boomerang scaffold that may be utilized for the further development of potent analogs. In this work, β-boomerang lipopeptides were designed and structure-activity correlation studies were carried out. These lipopeptides were homo-dimerized through a disulfide bridge to stabilize conformations and for improved activity. The designed peptides exhibited potent antibacterial activity and efficiently neutralized LPS toxicity under in vitro assays. NMR structure of C4YI13C in aqueous solution demonstrated the conserved folding of the lipopeptide with a boomerang aromatic lock stabilized with disulfide bond at the C-terminus and acylation at the N-terminus. These lipo-peptides displaying bacterial sterilization and low hemolytic activity may be useful for future applications as antimicrobial and antiendotoxin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Mohanram
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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59
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Landreh M, Johansson J, Jörnvall H. Separate molecular determinants in amyloidogenic and antimicrobial peptides. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2159-66. [PMID: 24650898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several amyloid-forming and antimicrobial peptides (AMYs and AMPs) have the ability to bind to and damage cell membranes. In addition, some AMYs possess antimicrobial activity and some AMPs form amyloid-like fibrils, relating the two peptide types and their properties. However, a comparison of their sequence characteristics reveals important differences. The high β-strand and aggregation propensities typical of AMYs are largely absent in α-helix-forming AMPs, which are instead marked by a strong amphipathic moment not generally found in AMYs. Although a few peptides, for example, islet amyloid polypeptide and dermaseptin S9, combine some determinants of both groups, the structural distinctions suggest that antimicrobial activity and amyloid formation are separate features not generally associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landreh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- KI Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jörnvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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60
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The role of biophysical parameters in the antilipopolysaccharide activities of antimicrobial peptides from marine fish. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1471-94. [PMID: 24633250 PMCID: PMC3967222 DOI: 10.3390/md12031471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from marine fish have been identified, isolated and characterized. These peptides act as host defense molecules that exert antimicrobial effects by targeting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS-AMP interactions are driven by the biophysical properties of AMPs. In this review, therefore, we will focus on the physiochemical properties of AMPs; that is, the contributions made by their sequences, net charge, hydrophobicity and amphipathicity to their mechanism of action. Moreover, the interactions between LPS and fish AMPs and the structure of fish AMPs with LPS bound will also be discussed. A better understanding of the biophysical properties will be useful in the design of AMPs effective against septic shock and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, including those that commonly produce wound infections.
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61
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Avitabile C, D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A. Circular Dichroism studies on the interactions of antimicrobial peptides with bacterial cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4293. [PMID: 24618744 PMCID: PMC3950807 DOI: 10.1038/srep04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying how antimicrobial peptides interact with bacterial cells is pivotal to understand their mechanism of action. In this paper we explored the use of Circular Dichroism to detect the secondary structure of two antimicrobial peptides, magainin 2 and cecropin A, with E. coli bacterial cells. The results of our studies allow us to gain two important information in the context of antimicrobial peptides- bacterial cells interactions: peptides fold mainly due to interaction with LPS, which is the main component of the Gram negative bacteria outer membrane and the time required for the folding on the bacterial cells depends on the peptide analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Avitabile
- Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari Scarl, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli
| | | | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli
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62
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Resurrecting inactive antimicrobial peptides from the lipopolysaccharide trap. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:1987-96. [PMID: 24419338 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02321-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising source of antibiotics for the treatment of multiple-drug-resistant pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, functions as a permeability barrier against a variety of molecules, including AMPs. Further, LPS or endotoxin is the causative agent of sepsis killing 100,000 people per year in the United States alone. LPS can restrict the activity of AMPs inducing aggregations at the outer membrane, as observed for frog AMPs, temporins, and also in model AMPs. Aggregated AMPs, "trapped" by the outer membrane, are unable to traverse the cell wall, causing their inactivation. In this work, we show that these inactive AMPs can overcome LPS-induced aggregations while conjugated with a short LPS binding β-boomerang peptide motif and become highly bactericidal. The generated hybrid peptides exhibit activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in high-salt conditions and detoxify endotoxin. Structural and biophysical studies establish the mechanism of action of these peptides in LPS outer membrane. Most importantly, this study provides a new concept for the development of a potent broad-spectrum antibiotic with efficient outer membrane disruption as the mode of action.
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63
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Ghosh A, Datta A, Jana J, Kar RK, Chatterjee C, Chatterjee S, Bhunia A. Sequence context induced antimicrobial activity: insight into lipopolysaccharide permeabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:1596-612. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into the permeabilization of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria by an antimicrobial peptide lactoferrampin, a 17 residue peptide, using high and low resolution spectroscopy in conjunction with MD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Aritreyee Datta
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Jagannath Jana
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Kar
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Biomolecular NMR and Drug Design Laboratory
- Department of Biophysics
- Bose Institute
- Kolkata 700054, India
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64
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Haslam IS, Roubos EW, Mangoni ML, Yoshizato K, Vaudry H, Kloepper JE, Pattwell DM, Maderson PFA, Paus R. From frog integument to human skin: dermatological perspectives from frog skin biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:618-55. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain S. Haslam
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
| | - Eric W. Roubos
- Department of Anatomy; Radboud University Medical Centre; Geert Grooteplein Noord 2, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; La Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185; Rome Italy
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Academic Advisors Office, Synthetic Biology Research Center; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
- Phoenixbio Co. Ltd; 3-4-1, Kagamiyama; Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- European Institute for Peptide Research; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
- INSERM U-982, CNRS; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
| | - Jennifer E. Kloepper
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - David M. Pattwell
- Leahurst Campus, Institute of Learning & Teaching; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Neston CH64 7TE U.K
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
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65
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Kar RK, Suryadevara P, Jana J, Bhunia A, Chatterjee S. Novel G-quadruplex stabilizing agents: in-silico approach and dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 31:1497-518. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.742246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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66
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Yu HY, Yip BS, Tu CH, Chen HL, Chu HL, Chih YH, Cheng HT, Sue SC, Cheng JW. Correlations between membrane immersion depth, orientation, and salt-resistance of tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2720-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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67
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Saravanan R, Joshi M, Mohanram H, Bhunia A, Mangoni ML, Bhattacharjya S. NMR structure of temporin-1 ta in lipopolysaccharide micelles: mechanistic insight into inactivation by outer membrane. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72718. [PMID: 24039798 PMCID: PMC3767682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play important roles in the innate defense mechanism. The broad spectrum of activity of AMPs requires an efficient permeabilization of the bacterial outer and inner membranes. The outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria is made of a specialized lipid called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS layer is an efficient permeability barrier against anti-bacterial agents including AMPs. As a mode of protection, LPS can induce self associations of AMPs rendering them inactive. Temporins are a group of short-sized AMPs isolated from frog skin, and many of them are inactive against Gram negative bacteria as a result of their self-association in the LPS-outer membrane. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using NMR spectroscopy, we have determined atomic resolution structure and characterized localization of temporin-1Ta or TA (FLPLIGRVLSGIL-amide) in LPS micelles. In LPS micelles, TA adopts helical conformation for residues L4-I12, while residues F1-L3 are found to be in extended conformations. The aromatic sidechain of residue F1 is involved in extensive packing interactions with the sidechains of residues P3, L4 and I5. Interestingly, a number of long-range NOE contacts have been detected between the N-terminal residues F1, P3 with the C-terminal residues S10, I12, L13 of TA in LPS micelles. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR studies demonstrate close proximity of residues including F1, L2, P3, R7, S10 and L13 with the LPS micelles. Notably, the LPS bound structure of TA shows differences with the structures of TA determined in DPC and SDS detergent micelles. SIGNIFICANCE We propose that TA, in LPS lipids, forms helical oligomeric structures employing N- and C-termini residues. Such oligomeric structures may not be translocated across the outer membrane; resulting in the inactivation of the AMP. Importantly, the results of our studies will be useful for the development of antimicrobial agents with a broader spectrum of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi Saravanan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mangesh Joshi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harini Mohanram
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Rosa RD, Vergnes A, de Lorgeril J, Goncalves P, Perazzolo LM, Sauné L, Romestand B, Fievet J, Gueguen Y, Bachère E, Destoumieux-Garzón D. Functional divergence in shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs): from recognition of cell wall components to antimicrobial activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67937. [PMID: 23861837 PMCID: PMC3701609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) have been described as highly cationic polypeptides with a broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activities. In addition, ALFs have been shown to recognize LPS, a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall, through conserved amino acid residues exposed in the four-stranded β-sheet of their three dimensional structure. In penaeid shrimp, ALFs form a diverse family of antimicrobial peptides composed by three main variants, classified as ALF Groups A to C. Here, we identified a novel group of ALFs in shrimp (Group D ALFs), which corresponds to anionic polypeptides in which many residues of the LPS binding site are lacking. Both Group B (cationic) and Group D (anionic) shrimp ALFs were produced in a heterologous expression system. Group D ALFs were found to have impaired LPS-binding activities and only limited antimicrobial activity compared to Group B ALFs. Interestingly, all four ALF groups were shown to be simultaneously expressed in an individual shrimp and to follow different patterns of gene expression in response to a microbial infection. Group B was by far the more expressed of the ALF genes. From our results, nucleotide sequence variations in shrimp ALFs result in functional divergence, with significant differences in LPS-binding and antimicrobial activities. To our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of the sequence diversity found in the ALF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Diego Rosa
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Vergnes
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC, Brazil
| | - Laure Sauné
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Romestand
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Fievet
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Avitabile C, Netti F, Orefice G, Palmieri M, Nocerino N, Malgieri G, D'Andrea LD, Capparelli R, Fattorusso R, Romanelli A. Design, structural and functional characterization of a Temporin-1b analog active against Gram-negative bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3767-75. [PMID: 23403136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporins are small antimicrobial peptides secreted by the Rana temporaria showing mainly activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, different members of the temporin family, such as Temporin B, act in synergy also against Gram-negative bacteria. With the aim to develop a peptide with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity we designed and analyzed a series of Temporin B analogs. METHODS Peptides were initially obtained by Ala scanning on Temporin B sequence; antimicrobial activity tests allowed to identify the TB_G6A sequence, which was further optimized by increasing the peptide positive charge (TB_KKG6A). Interactions of this active peptide with the LPS of E. coli were investigated by CD, fluorescence and NMR. RESULTS TB_KKG6A is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at low concentrations. The peptide strongly interacts with the LPS of Gram-negative bacteria and folds upon interaction into a kinked helix. CONCLUSION Our results show that it is possible to widen the activity spectrum of an antimicrobial peptide by subtle changes of the primary structure. TB_KKG6A, having a simple composition, a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and a very low hemolytic activity, is a promising candidate for the design of novel antimicrobial peptides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The activity of antimicrobial peptides is strongly related to the ability of the peptide to interact and break the bacterial membrane. Our studies on TB_KKG6A indicate that efficient interactions with LPS can be achieved when the peptide is not perfectly amphipathic, since this feature seems to help the toroidal pore formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Avitabile
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Napoli, Italy
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70
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Niu M, Li X, Gong Q, Wang C, Qin C, Wang W, Chen P. Expression of 4kD scorpion defensin and its in vitro synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:281-8. [PMID: 23054701 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 4kD scorpion defensin (SD) is a potent disulfide-linked peptide. In this study, we expressed it in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and purified it using Ni-NTA His Bind Resin. We investigated its in vitro antibacterial activity and effect in combination with several conventional antibiotics. We first examined its antibacterial activity towards several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Then we used the broth microdilution method to test drugs alone and in combination and used the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC index) to classify the drug interactions. Our study showed the expressed SD peptide has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus etc. Synergy or additive interaction was observed between SD and Norfloxacin, Polymyxin B and Ampicillin. Cell growth tests showed that combination of SD and Norfloxacin can improve their activity against bacteria. This result maybe permit lower using of the conventional antibiotic agents more effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Niu
- Food and Bioengineering College, He'nan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 He'nan, People's Republic of China.
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71
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Cao L, Li Z, Zhang R, Wu Y, Li W, Cao Z. StCT2, a new antibacterial peptide characterized from the venom of the scorpion Scorpiops tibetanus. Peptides 2012; 36:213-20. [PMID: 22542475 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection poses an increasing threat to global public health and new types of antibacterial agents are urgently needed to respond to the threat. Scorpion venom contains series of bioactive peptides, among which antibacterial peptide is an important part. Herein, a new antimicrobial peptide StCT2 was characterized from the venomous gland cDNA library of the Scorpiops tibetanus. The full-length cDNA of StCT2 is 369 nucleotides encoding the precursor that contains a putative 24 residues signal peptide, a presumed 14 residues mature peptide, and a putative 37 residues acidic propeptide at the C-terminus. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of StCT2 for Staphylococcus aureus were 6.25-25μg/ml, including antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). StCT2 was further found to show high in vivo antimicrobial activity by an S. aureus infection mouse model. StCT2 exerted its antimicrobial activity via a rapid bactericidal mechanism. Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficacy and general mechanism of StCT2 antimicrobial action and the therapeutic potential of StCT2 as a new antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Saravanan R, Mohanram H, Joshi M, Domadia PN, Torres J, Ruedl C, Bhattacharjya S. Structure, activity and interactions of the cysteine deleted analog of tachyplesin-1 with lipopolysaccharide micelle: Mechanistic insights into outer-membrane permeabilization and endotoxin neutralization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1613-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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73
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Bai Y, Liu S, Li J, Lakshminarayanan R, Sarawathi P, Tang C, Ho D, Verma C, Beuerman RW, Pervushin K. Progressive structuring of a branched antimicrobial peptide on the path to the inner membrane target. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26606-17. [PMID: 22700968 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.363259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest has grown in the antimicrobial properties of certain natural and non-natural peptides. The strategy of inserting a covalent branch point in a peptide can improve its antimicrobial properties while retaining host biocompatibility. However, little is known regarding possible structural transitions as the peptide moves on the access path to the presumed target, the inner membrane. Establishing the nature of the interactions with the complex bacterial outer and inner membranes is important for effective peptide design. Structure-activity relationships of an amphiphilic, branched antimicrobial peptide (B2088) are examined using environment-sensitive fluorescent probes, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and high resolution NMR in solution and in condensed states. The peptide is reconstituted in bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide extract as well as in a variety of lipid media mimicking the inner membrane of Gram-negative pathogens. Progressive structure accretion is observed for the peptide in water, LPS, and lipid environments. Despite inducing rapid aggregation of bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides, the peptide remains highly mobile in the aggregated lattice. At the inner membranes, the peptide undergoes further structural compaction mediated by interactions with negatively charged lipids, probably causing redistribution of membrane lipids, which in turn results in increased membrane permeability and bacterial lysis. These findings suggest that peptides possessing both enhanced mobility in the bacterial outer membrane and spatial structure facilitating its interactions with the membrane-water interface may provide excellent structural motifs to develop new antimicrobials that can overcome antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751
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Bhunia A, Bhattacharjya S, Chatterjee S. Applications of saturation transfer difference NMR in biological systems. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:505-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pulido D, Nogués MV, Boix E, Torrent M. Lipopolysaccharide neutralization by antimicrobial peptides: a gambit in the innate host defense strategy. J Innate Immun 2012; 4:327-36. [PMID: 22441679 DOI: 10.1159/000336713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are nowadays understood as broad multifunctional tools of the innate immune system to fight microbial infections. In addition to its direct antimicrobial action, AMPs can modulate the host immune response by promoting or restraining the recruitment of cells and chemicals to the infection focus. Binding of AMPs to lipopolysaccharide is a critical step for both their antimicrobial action and their immunomodulatory properties. On the one hand, removal of Gram-negative bacteria by AMPs can be an effective strategy to prevent a worsened inflammatory response that may lead to septic shock. On the other hand, by neutralizing circulating endotoxins, AMPs can successfully reduce nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production, hence preventing severe tissue damage. Furthermore, AMPs can also interfere with the Toll-like receptor 4 recognition system, suppressing cytokine production and contributing to modulate the inflammatory response. Here, we review the immune system strategies devised by AMPs to avoid an exacerbated inflammatory response and thus prevent a fatal end to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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