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Pozzi A, Zent R. Integrins: sensors of extracellular matrix and modulators of cell function. NEPHRON. EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROLOGY 2003; 94:e77-84. [PMID: 12902617 DOI: 10.1159/000072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of transmembrane receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. They play a critical role in organ morphogenesis, physiology and pathology, as they can modulate and control different cell functions, including adhesion, shape, polarity, growth, differentiation and motility. Integrins interact with ECM components via their extracellular domains, while their cytoplasmic domains play a pivotal role in mediating integrin-dependent cellular functions. The integrin cytoplasmic tails interact with the cytoskeleton, signaling molecules and other cellular proteins, resulting in regulation of many biological functions. In this review, we will mainly describe the role of integrins in regulating cell motility and discuss some new paradigms in integrin biology that may impact upon nephrology with respect to renal development and renal functions during both physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Veterans Administration Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn 37232, USA.
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Otto EA, Schermer B, Obara T, O'Toole JF, Hiller KS, Mueller AM, Ruf RG, Hoefele J, Beekmann F, Landau D, Foreman JW, Goodship JA, Strachan T, Kispert A, Wolf MT, Gagnadoux MF, Nivet H, Antignac C, Walz G, Drummond IA, Benzing T, Hildebrandt F. Mutations in INVS encoding inversin cause nephronophthisis type 2, linking renal cystic disease to the function of primary cilia and left-right axis determination. Nat Genet 2003; 34:413-20. [PMID: 12872123 PMCID: PMC3732175 DOI: 10.1038/ng1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/26/2003] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP), an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease, leads to chronic renal failure in children. The genes mutated in NPHP1 and NPHP4 have been identified, and a gene locus associated with infantile nephronophthisis (NPHP2) was mapped. The kidney phenotype of NPHP2 combines clinical features of NPHP and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Here, we identify inversin (INVS) as the gene mutated in NPHP2 with and without situs inversus. We show molecular interaction of inversin with nephrocystin, the product of the gene mutated in NPHP1 and interaction of nephrocystin with beta-tubulin, a main component of primary cilia. We show that nephrocystin, inversin and beta-tubulin colocalize to primary cilia of renal tubular cells. Furthermore, we produce a PKD-like renal cystic phenotype and randomization of heart looping by knockdown of invs expression in zebrafish. The interaction and colocalization in cilia of inversin, nephrocystin and beta-tubulin connect pathogenetic aspects of NPHP to PKD, to primary cilia function and to left-right axis determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Otto E, Hoefele J, Ruf R, Mueller AM, Hiller KS, Wolf MTF, Schuermann MJ, Becker A, Birkenhäger R, Sudbrak R, Hennies HC, Nürnberg P, Hildebrandt F. A gene mutated in nephronophthisis and retinitis pigmentosa encodes a novel protein, nephroretinin, conserved in evolution. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:1161-7. [PMID: 12205563 PMCID: PMC385091 DOI: 10.1086/344395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2002] [Accepted: 08/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) comprises a group of autosomal recessive cystic kidney diseases, which constitute the most frequent genetic cause for end-stage renal failure in children and young adults. The most prominent histologic feature of NPHP consists of development of renal fibrosis, which, in chronic renal failure of any origin, represents the pathogenic event correlated most strongly to loss of renal function. Four gene loci for NPHP have been mapped to chromosomes 2q13 (NPHP1), 9q22 (NPHP2), 3q22 (NPHP3), and 1p36 (NPHP4). At all four loci, linkage has also been demonstrated in families with the association of NPHP and retinitis pigmentosa, known as "Senior-Løken syndrome" (SLS). Identification of the gene for NPHP type 1 had revealed nephrocystin as a novel docking protein, providing new insights into mechanisms of cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling. We here report identification of the gene (NPHP4) causing NPHP type 4, by use of high-resolution haplotype analysis and by demonstration of nine likely loss-of-function mutations in six affected families. NPHP4 encodes a novel protein, nephroretinin, that is conserved in evolution--for example, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, we demonstrate two loss-of-function mutations of NPHP4 in patients from two families with SLS. Thus, we have identified a novel gene with critical roles in renal tissue architecture and ophthalmic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Otto
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Rainer Ruf
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Adelheid M. Mueller
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Karl S. Hiller
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Matthias T. F. Wolf
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Maria J. Schuermann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Achim Becker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ralf Birkenhäger
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ralf Sudbrak
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Hans C. Hennies
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin; and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Mollet G, Salomon R, Gribouval O, Silbermann F, Bacq D, Landthaler G, Milford D, Nayir A, Rizzoni G, Antignac C, Saunier S. The gene mutated in juvenile nephronophthisis type 4 encodes a novel protein that interacts with nephrocystin. Nat Genet 2002; 32:300-5. [PMID: 12244321 DOI: 10.1038/ng996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2002] [Accepted: 08/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis, the most common genetic cause of chronic renal failure in children, is a progressive tubulo-interstitial kidney disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The disease is characterized by polyuria, growth retardation and deterioration of renal function during childhood or adolescence. The most prominent histological features are modifications of the tubules with thickening of the basement membrane, interstitial fibrosis and, in the advanced stages, medullary cysts. Nephronophthisis can also be associated with conditions affecting extrarenal organs, such as retinitis pigmentosa (Senior-Løken syndrome) and ocular motor apraxia (Cogan syndrome). Three loci are associated with the juvenile, infantile and adolescent forms, on chromosomes 2q13 (NPHP1; refs 5,6), 9q22 (NPHP2; ref. 7) and 3q21 (NPHP3; ref. 8), respectively. NPHP1, the only gene identified so far, encodes nephrocystin, which contains a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and interacts with intracytoplasmic proteins involved in cell adhesion. Recently, a second locus associated with the juvenile form of the disease, NPHP4, was mapped to chromosome 1p36 (ref. 14). We carried out haplotype analysis of families affected with nephronophthisis that were not linked to the NPHP1, NPHP2 or NPHP3 loci, using markers covering this region. This allowed us to reduce the NPHP4 interval to a one centimorgan interval between D1S2795 and D1S2870, which contains six genes. We identified five different mutations in one of these genes, designated NPHP4, in unrelated individuals with nephronophthisis. The NPHP4 gene encodes a 1,250-amino acid protein of unknown function that we named nephrocystin-4. We demonstrated the interaction of nephrocystin-4 with nephrocystin suggesting that these two proteins participate in a common signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Mollet
- Inserm U423, Tour Lavoisier, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris 5, Paris, France
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