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Bussiere R, Lacampagne A, Reiken S, Liu X, Scheuerman V, Zalk R, Martin C, Checler F, Marks AR, Chami M. Amyloid β production is regulated by β2-adrenergic signaling-mediated post-translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10153-10168. [PMID: 28476886 PMCID: PMC5473221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying altered RyR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release in AD remain to be fully elucidated. We report here that RyR2 undergoes post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) harboring the familial double Swedish mutations (APPswe). RyR2 macromolecular complex remodeling, characterized by depletion of the regulatory protein calstabin2, resulted in increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also report a functional interplay between amyloid β (Aβ), β-adrenergic signaling, and altered Ca2+ signaling via leaky RyR2 channels. Thus, post-translational modifications of RyR occur downstream of Aβ through a β2-adrenergic signaling cascade that activates PKA. RyR2 remodeling in turn enhances βAPP processing. Importantly, pharmacological stabilization of the binding of calstabin2 to RyR2 channels, which prevents Ca2+ leakage, or blocking the β2-adrenergic signaling cascade reduced βAPP processing and the production of Aβ in APPswe-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. We conclude that targeting RyR-mediated Ca2+ leakage may be a therapeutic approach to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Bussiere
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France, "Labex Distalz," 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, CNRS LIA1185, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France, and
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Valerie Scheuerman
- INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, CNRS LIA1185, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France, and
| | - Ran Zalk
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Cécile Martin
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France, "Labex Distalz," 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Frederic Checler
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France, "Labex Distalz," 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Mounia Chami
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, France, "Labex Distalz," 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France,
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Abstract
Peptide antibodies, with their high specificities and affinities, are invaluable reagents for peptide and protein recognition in biological specimens. Depending on the application and the assay, in which the peptide antibody is to used, several factors influence successful antibody production, including peptide selection and antibody screening. Peptide antibodies have been used in clinical laboratory diagnostics with great success for decades, primarily because they can be produced to multiple targets, recognizing native wildtype proteins, denatured proteins, and newly generated epitopes. Especially mutation-specific peptide antibodies have become important as diagnostic tools in the detection of various cancers. In addition to their use as diagnostic tools in malignant and premalignant conditions, peptide antibodies are applied in all other areas of clinical laboratory diagnostics, including endocrinology, hematology, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and amyloidoses.
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Atzori M, Cuevas-Olguin R, Esquivel-Rendon E, Garcia-Oscos F, Salgado-Delgado RC, Saderi N, Miranda-Morales M, Treviño M, Pineda JC, Salgado H. Locus Ceruleus Norepinephrine Release: A Central Regulator of CNS Spatio-Temporal Activation? Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:25. [PMID: 27616990 PMCID: PMC4999448 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A wealth of data from clinics and from animal models indicates that this catecholamine coordinates the activity of the central nervous system (CNS) and of the whole organism by modulating cell function in a vast number of brain areas in a coordinated manner. The ubiquity of NE receptors, the daunting number of cerebral areas regulated by the catecholamine, as well as the variety of cellular effects and of their timescales have contributed so far to defeat the attempts to integrate central adrenergic function into a unitary and coherent framework. Since three main families of NE receptors are represented-in order of decreasing affinity for the catecholamine-by: α2 adrenoceptors (α2Rs, high affinity), α1 adrenoceptors (α1Rs, intermediate affinity), and β adrenoceptors (βRs, low affinity), on a pharmacological basis, and on the ground of recent studies on cellular and systemic central noradrenergic effects, we propose that an increase in LC tonic activity promotes the emergence of four global states covering the whole spectrum of brain activation: (1) sleep: virtual absence of NE, (2) quiet wake: activation of α2Rs, (3) active wake/physiological stress: activation of α2- and α1-Rs, (4) distress: activation of α2-, α1-, and β-Rs. We postulate that excess intensity and/or duration of states (3) and (4) may lead to maladaptive plasticity, causing-in turn-a variety of neuropsychiatric illnesses including depression, schizophrenic psychoses, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit. The interplay between tonic and phasic LC activity identified in the LC in relationship with behavioral response is of critical importance in defining the short- and long-term biological mechanisms associated with the basic states postulated for the CNS. While the model has the potential to explain a large number of experimental and clinical findings, a major challenge will be to adapt this hypothesis to integrate the role of other neurotransmitters released during stress in a centralized fashion, like serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine, as well as those released in a non-centralized fashion, like purines and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Atzori
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis Potosí, Mexico; School for Behavior and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Cuevas-Olguin
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Eric Esquivel-Rendon
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto C Salgado-Delgado
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marcela Miranda-Morales
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mario Treviño
- Laboratory of Cortical Plasticity and Learning, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan C Pineda
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Mexico
| | - Humberto Salgado
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Mexico
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Phosphoinositides: Two-Path Signaling in Neuronal Response to Oligomeric Amyloid β Peptide. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3236-3252. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi Y, Shu ZJ, Xue X, Yeh CK, Katz MS, Kamat A. β2-Adrenergic receptor ablation modulates hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose tolerance in aging mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 78:32-8. [PMID: 26952573 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines acting through β-adrenergic receptors (β(1)-, β(2)-, β(3)-AR subtypes) modulate important biological responses in various tissues. Our previous studies suggest a role for increased hepatic β-AR-mediated signaling during aging as a mediator of hepatic steatosis, liver glucose output, and insulin resistance in rodents. In the current study, we have utilized β(2)-AR knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) control mice to define further the role of β(2)-AR signaling during aging on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results demonstrate for the first time that age-related increases in hepatic triglyceride accumulation and body weight are attenuated upon β(2)-AR ablation. Although no differences in plasma triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids or insulin levels were detected between old WT and KO animals, an age-associated increase in hepatic expression of lipid homeostasis regulator Cidea was significantly reduced in old KO mice. Interestingly, we also observed a shift from reduced glucose tolerance in young adult KO animals to significantly improved glucose tolerance in old KO when compared to age-matched WT mice. These results provide evidence for an important role played by β(2)-ARs in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism during aging. The effect of β(2)-AR ablation on caloric intake during aging is currently not known and requires investigation. Future studies are also warranted to delineate the β(2)-AR-mediated mechanisms involved in the control of lipid and glucose homeostasis, especially in the context of a growing aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Zhen-Ju Shu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Xiaoling Xue
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Michael S Katz
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Amrita Kamat
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Gannon M, Che P, Chen Y, Jiao K, Roberson ED, Wang Q. Noradrenergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:220. [PMID: 26136654 PMCID: PMC4469831 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain noradrenergic system supplies the neurotransmitter norepinephrine throughout the brain via widespread efferent projections, and plays a pivotal role in modulating cognitive activities in the cortex. Profound noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed for decades, with recent research suggesting that the locus coeruleus (where noradrenergic neurons are mainly located) is a predominant site where AD-related pathology begins. Mounting evidence indicates that the loss of noradrenergic innervation greatly exacerbates AD pathogenesis and progression, although the precise roles of noradrenergic components in AD pathogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize current findings on noradrenergic dysfunction in AD, as well as to point out deficiencies in our knowledge where more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gannon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bardoxolone methyl prevents high-fat diet-induced alterations in prefrontal cortex signalling molecules involved in recognition memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:68-75. [PMID: 25584778 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High fat (HF) diets are known to induce changes in synaptic plasticity in the forebrain leading to learning and memory impairments. Previous studies of oleanolic acid derivatives have found that these compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier to prevent neuronal cell death. We examined the hypothesis that the oleanolic acid derivative, bardoxolone methyl (BM) would prevent diet-induced cognitive deficits in mice fed a HF diet. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lab chow (LC) (5% of energy as fat), a HF (40% of energy as fat), or a HF diet supplemented with 10mg/kg/day BM orally for 21weeks. Recognition memory was assessed by performing a novel object recognition test on the treated mice. Downstream brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling molecules were examined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of mice via Western blotting and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding. BM treatment prevented HF diet-induced impairment in recognition memory (p<0.001). In HF diet fed mice, BM administration attenuated alterations in the NMDA receptor binding density in the PFC (p<0.05), however, no changes were seen in the hippocampus (p>0.05). In the PFC and hippocampus of the HF diet fed mice, BM administration improved downstream BDNF signalling as indicated by increased protein levels of BDNF, phosphorylated tropomyosin related kinase B (pTrkB) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt), and increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) (p<0.05). BM administration also prevented the HF diet-induced increase in the protein levels of inflammatory molecules, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK) in the PFC, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in both the PFC and hippocampus. In summary, these findings suggest that BM prevents HF diet-induced impairments in recognition memory by improving downstream BDNF signal transduction, increasing pAMPK, and reducing inflammation in the PFC and hippocampus.
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Whittington RA, Virág L, Gratuze M, Petry FR, Noël A, Poitras I, Truchetti G, Marcouiller F, Papon MA, El Khoury N, Wong K, Bretteville A, Morin F, Planel E. Dexmedetomidine increases tau phosphorylation under normothermic conditions in vivo and in vitro. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2414-28. [PMID: 26058840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is developing interest in the potential association between anesthesia and the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Several anesthetics have, thus, been demonstrated to induce tau hyperphosphorylation, an effect mostly mediated by anesthesia-induced hypothermia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that acute normothermic administration of dexmedetomidine (Dex), an intravenous sedative used in intensive care units, would result in tau hyperphosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. When administered to nontransgenic mice, Dex-induced tau hyperphosphorylation persisting up to 6 hours in the hippocampus for the AT8 epitope. Pretreatment with atipamezole, a highly specific α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, blocked Dex-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, Dex dose-dependently increased tau phosphorylation at AT8 in SH-SY5Y cells, impaired mice spatial memory in the Barnes maze and promoted tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in transgenic hTau mice. These findings suggest that Dex: (1) increases tau phosphorylation, in vivo and in vitro, in the absence of anesthetic-induced hypothermia and through α2-adrenergic receptor activation, (2) promotes tau aggregation in a mouse model of tauopathy, and (3) impacts spatial reference memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - László Virág
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Franck R Petry
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Anastasia Noël
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poitras
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Truchetti
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Marcouiller
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Papon
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noura El Khoury
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Bretteville
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Planel
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Neurosciences, CHUL, CRCHU, Québec, Québec, Canada
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60
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Assessment of disease-related cognitive impairments using the novel object recognition (NOR) task in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:176-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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He Y, Chen J, Zhang SG, Yuan YS, Li Y, Lv HB, Gan JH. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 expression in the retina of ocular hypertension mice: a possible target to reduce ganglion cell apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:432-7. [PMID: 25878592 PMCID: PMC4396106 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a type of optic neuropathy, is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. It remains controversial whether c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) participates in the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. This study sought to explore a possible mechanism of action of JNK signaling pathway in glaucoma-induced retinal optic nerve damage. We established a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension by reducing the aqueous humor followed by photocoagulation using the laser ignition method. Results showed significant pathological changes in the ocular tissues after the injury. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells increased with increased intraocular pressure, as did JNK3 mRNA expression in the retina. These data indicated that the increased expression of JNK3 mRNA was strongly associated with the increase in intraocular pressure in the retina, and correlated positively with the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu-Guang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Raka F, Di Sebastiano AR, Kulhawy SC, Ribeiro FM, Godin CM, Caetano FA, Angers S, Ferguson SSG. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II interacts with group I metabotropic glutamate and facilitates receptor endocytosis and ERK1/2 signaling: role of β-amyloid. Mol Brain 2015; 8:21. [PMID: 25885040 PMCID: PMC4378271 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agonist stimulation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) initiates their coupling to the heterotrimeric G protein, Gαq/11, resulting in the activation of phospholipase C, the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and the subsequent activation of protein kinase C. However, it is now recognized that mGluR5a also functions as a receptor for cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ42) oligomers to facilitate intracellular signaling via the resulting protein complex. Intracellular mGluR5a signaling is also regulated by its association with a wide variety of intracellular regulation proteins. RESULTS In the present study, we utilized mass spectroscopy to identify calmodulin kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) as a protein that interacts with the second intracellular loop domain of mGluR5. We show that CaMKIIα interacts with both mGluR1a and mGluR5a in an agonist-independent manner and is co-immunoprecipitated with mGluR5a from hippocampal mouse brain. CaMKIIα positively regulates both mGluR1a and mGluR5a endocytosis, but selectively attenuates mGluR5a but not mGluR1a-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a kinase activity-dependent manner. We also find that Aβ42 oligomers stimulate the association of CaMKIIα with mGluR5a and activate ERK1/2 in an mGluR5a-dependent manner. However, Aβ42 oligomer-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation is not regulated by mGluR5a/CaMKIIα interactions suggesting that agonist and Aβ42 oligomers stabilize distinct mGluR5a activation states that are differentially regulated by CaMKIIα. The expression of both mGluR5a and PrP(C) together, but not alone resulted in the agonist-stimulated subcellular distribution of CaMKIIα into cytoplasmic puncta. CONCLUSIONS Taken together these results indicate that CaMKIIα selectively regulates mGluR1a and mGluR5a ERK1/2 signaling. As mGluR5 and CaMKIIα are involved in learning and memory and Aβ and mGluR5 are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, results of these studies could provide insight into potential pharmacological targets for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitore Raka
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Andrea R Di Sebastiano
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Stephanie C Kulhawy
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Christina M Godin
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Fabiana A Caetano
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Stephane Angers
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Room 901 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 100 Perth Dr. London, Ontario, N6A 5K8, Canada.
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63
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Compromised MAPK signaling in human diseases: an update. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:867-82. [PMID: 25690731 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in mammals include c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These enzymes are serine-threonine protein kinases that regulate various cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis or survival, inflammation, and innate immunity. The compromised MAPK signaling pathways contribute to the pathology of diverse human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated by various types of cellular stress such as oxidative, genotoxic, and osmotic stress as well as by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β. The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway plays a key role in cancer development through the stimulation of cell proliferation and metastasis. The p38 MAPK pathway contributes to neuroinflammation mediated by glial cells including microglia and astrocytes, and it has also been associated with anticancer drug resistance in colon and liver cancer. We here summarize recent research on the roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human diseases, with a focus on cancer and neurodegenerative conditions.
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64
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The Binding Receptors of Aβ: an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:455-471. [PMID: 25465238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which causes the deterioration of memory and other cognitive abilities of the elderly. Previous lines of research have shown that Aβ is an essential factor in AD pathology and the soluble oligomeric species of Aβ peptide is presumed to be the drivers of synaptic impairment in AD. However, the exact mechanisms underlying Aβ-induced synapse dysfunction are still not fully understood. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that some potential receptors which bind specifically with Aβ may play important roles in inducing the toxicity of the neurons in AD pathology. These receptors include the cellular prion protein (PrPc), the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), the beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), the Eph receptors, the paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB), the PirB's human ortholog receptor (LilrB2), and the Fcγ receptor II-b (FcγRIIb). This review summarizes the characters of these prominent receptors and how the bindings of them with Aβ inhibit the LTP, decrease the number of dendritic spine, damage the neurons, and so on in AD pathogenesis. Blocking or rescuing these receptors may have significant importance for AD treatments.
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Niyitegeka JMV, Bastidas AC, Newman RH, Taylor SS, Ongeri EM. Isoform-specific interactions between meprin metalloproteases and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A: significance in acute and chronic kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F56-68. [PMID: 25354939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00167.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Meprin metalloproteases are abundantly expressed in the brush-border membranes of kidney proximal tubules. Meprins are implicated in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced renal injury and diabetic nephropathy. The protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway modulates extracellular matrix metabolism in diabetic kidneys. The present study evaluated isoform-specific interactions between the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKA C) and meprins. To this end, cytosolic-enriched kidney proteins from meprin αβ double knockout mice, and purified forms of recombinant mouse PKA Cα, Cβ1, and Cβ2, were incubated with activated forms of either homomeric meprin A or meprin B. The cleaved protein products were subjected to SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Coomassie staining and Western blot analysis. While meprin A only cleaved PKA Cβ1, meprin B cleaved all three PKA C isoforms. Analysis of the proteolytic fragments by mass spectrometry revealed that meprin A and B cleave the PKA C isoforms at defined sites, resulting in unique cleavage products. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics demonstrated that meprin B-mediated cleavage of PKA Cα occurs at a rate consistent with that of other physiologically relevant meprin substrates. Meprin cleavage decreased the kinase activity of PKA Cα, Cβ1, and Cβ2. PKA C levels were higher in diabetic kidneys, with evidence of in vivo fragmentation in wild-type diabetic kidneys. Confocal microscopy showed localization of meprin A in the glomeruli of diabetic kidneys. At 3 h post-IR, PKA C levels in proximal tubules decreased compared with distal tubules, which lack meprins. These data suggest that meprins may impact kidney injury, in part, via modulation of PKA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam C Bastidas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; and
| | - Robert H Newman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina;
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66
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Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Griffioen G. Derailed intraneuronal signalling drives pathogenesis in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:167024. [PMID: 25243118 PMCID: PMC4160617 DOI: 10.1155/2014/167024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of genetic and nongenetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, their role in onset and/or progression of neuronal degeneration remains elusive. Systematic analysis of AD risk factors revealed that perturbations of intraneuronal signalling pathways comprise a common mechanistic denominator in both familial and sporadic AD and that such alterations lead to increases in Aβ oligomers (Aβo) formation and phosphorylation of TAU. Conversely, Aβo and TAU impact intracellular signalling directly. This feature entails binding of Aβo to membrane receptors, whereas TAU functionally interacts with downstream transducers. Accordingly, we postulate a positive feedback mechanism in which AD risk factors or genes trigger perturbations of intraneuronal signalling leading to enhanced Aβo formation and TAU phosphorylation which in turn further derange signalling. Ultimately intraneuronal signalling becomes deregulated to the extent that neuronal function and survival cannot be sustained, whereas the resulting elevated levels of amyloidogenic Aβo and phosphorylated TAU species self-polymerizes into the AD plaques and tangles, respectively.
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Large-scale analysis of posttranslational modifications in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease using pI shift and label-free quantification without enrichment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5433-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Guglielmotto M, Monteleone D, Piras A, Valsecchi V, Tropiano M, Ariano S, Fornaro M, Vercelli A, Puyal J, Arancio O, Tabaton M, Tamagno E. Aβ1-42 monomers or oligomers have different effects on autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy 2014; 10:1827-43. [PMID: 25136804 DOI: 10.4161/auto.30001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy and its relationship with apoptosis in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis is poorly understood. Disruption of autophagy leads to buildup of incompletely digested substrates, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation in vacuoles and cell death. Aβ, in turn, has been found to affect autophagy. Thus, Aβ might be part of a loop in which it is both the substrate of altered autophagy and its cause. Given the relevance of different soluble forms of Aβ1-42 in AD, we have investigated whether monomers and oligomers of the peptide have a differential role in causing altered autophagy and cell death. Using differentiated SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cells, we found that monomers hamper the formation of the autophagic BCL2-BECN1/Beclin 1 complex and activate the MAPK8/JNK1-MAPK9/JNK2 pathway phosphorylating BCL2. Monomers also inhibit apoptosis and allow autophagy with intracellular accumulation of autophagosomes and elevation of levels of BECN1 and LC3-II, resulting in an inhibition of substrate degradation due to an inhibitory action on lysosomal activity. Oligomers, in turn, favor the formation of the BCL2-BECN1 complex favoring apoptosis. In addition, they cause a less profound increase in BECN1 and LC3-II levels than monomers without affecting the autophagic flux. Thus, data presented in this work show a link for autophagy and apoptosis with monomers and oligomers, respectively. These studies are likely to help the design of novel disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Guglielmotto
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Debora Monteleone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Piras
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Tropiano
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences; Faculty of Biology and Medicine; University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland; Clinic of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery; Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; Columbia University; New York, NY USA
| | - Massimo Tabaton
- Department of Internal Medicine; Unit of Geriatric Medicine; University of Genoa; Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Tamagno
- Department of Neuroscience; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO); University of Torino; Torino, Italy
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69
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Franco R, Cedazo-Minguez A. Successful therapies for Alzheimer's disease: why so many in animal models and none in humans? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 25009496 PMCID: PMC4070393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peering into the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the outsider realizes that many of the therapeutic strategies tested (in animal models) have been successful. One also may notice that there is a deficit in translational research, i.e., to take a successful drug in mice and translate it to the patient. Efforts are still focused on novel projects to expand the therapeutic arsenal to “cure mice.” Scientific reasons behind so many successful strategies are not obvious. This article aims to review the current approaches to combat AD and to open a debate on common mechanisms of cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection. In short, either the rodent models are not good and should be discontinued, or we should extract the most useful information from those models. An example of a question that may be debated for the advancement in AD therapy is: In addition to reducing amyloid and tau pathologies, would it be necessary to boost synaptic strength and cognition? The debate could provide clues to turn around the current negative output in generating effective drugs for patients. Furthermore, discovery of biomarkers in human body fluids, and a clear distinction between cognitive enhancers and disease modifying strategies, should be instrumental for advancing in anti-AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Division of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Sweden
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Branca C, Wisely EV, Hartman LK, Caccamo A, Oddo S. Administration of a selective β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist exacerbates neuropathology and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2726-2735. [PMID: 25034342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no available approaches to cure or slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and intraneuronal tangles that comprised hyperphosphorylated tau. The β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) are expressed throughout the cortex and hippocampus and play a key role in cognitive functions. Alterations in the function of these receptors have been linked to AD; however, these data remain controversial as apparent contradicting reports have been published. Given the current demographics of growing elderly population and the high likelihood of concurrent β-blocker use for other chronic conditions, more studies into the role of this receptor in AD animal models are needed. Here, we show that administration of ICI 118,551 (ICI), a selective β2AR antagonist, exacerbates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of AD, the 3xTg-AD mice. Neuropathologically, ICI increased Aβ levels and Aβ plaque burden. Concomitantly, ICI-treated 3xTg-AD mice showed an increase in tau phosphorylation and accumulation. Mechanistically, these changes were linked to an increase in amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing. These results suggest that under the conditions used here, selective pharmacologic inhibition of β2ARs has detrimental effects on AD-like pathology in mice. Overall, these studies strengthen the notion that the link between β2ARs and AD is likely highly complex and suggest caution in generalizing the beneficial effects of β blockers on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Branca
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena V Wisely
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Antonella Caccamo
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine at Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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71
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Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Miller SA, Muhie S, Meyerhoff J, Jett M. Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of a fish oil enriched diet on murine brains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90425. [PMID: 24632812 PMCID: PMC3954562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of fish oil enriched with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are widely documented. Fish oil as dietary supplements, however, show moderate clinical efficacy, highlighting an immediate scope of systematic in vitro feedback. Our transcriptomic study was designed to investigate the genomic shift of murine brains fed on fish oil enriched diets. A customized fish oil enriched diet (FD) and standard lab diet (SD) were separately administered to two randomly chosen populations of C57BL/6J mice from their weaning age until late adolescence. Statistical analysis mined 1,142 genes of interest (GOI) differentially altered in the hemibrains collected from the FD- and SD-fed mice at the age of five months. The majority of identified GOI (∼40%) encodes proteins located in the plasma membrane, suggesting that fish oil primarily facilitated the membrane-oriented biofunctions. FD potentially augmented the nervous system's development and functions by selectively stimulating the Src-mediated calcium-induced growth cascade and the downstream PI3K-AKT-PKC pathways. FD reduced the amyloidal burden, attenuated oxidative stress, and assisted in somatostatin activation—the signatures of attenuation of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and affective disorder. FD induced elevation of FKBP5 and suppression of BDNF, which are often linked with the improvement of anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence we anticipate efficacy of FD in treating illnesses such as depression that are typically triggered by the hypoactivities of dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic networks. Contrastingly, FD's efficacy could be compromised in treating illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are triggered by hyperactivities of the same set of neuromodulators. A more comprehensive investigation is recommended to elucidate the implications of fish oil on disease pathomechanisms, and the result-driven repositioning of fish oil utilization may revitalize its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hammamieh
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seid Muhie
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Meyerhoff
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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72
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Wisely EV, Xiang YK, Oddo S. Genetic suppression of β2-adrenergic receptors ameliorates tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4024-34. [PMID: 24626633 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of the microtubule-binding protein tau is a key event in several neurodegenerative disorders referred to as tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Thus, understanding the molecular pathways leading to tau accumulation will have a major impact across multiple neurodegenerative disorders. To elucidate the pathways involved in tau pathology, we removed the gene encoding the beta-2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) from a mouse model overexpressing mutant human tau. Notably, the number of β2ARs is increased in brains of AD patients and epidemiological studies show that the use of beta-blockers decreases the incidence of AD. The mechanisms underlying these observations, however, are not clear. We show that the tau transgenic mice lacking the β2AR gene had a reduced mortality rate compared with the parental tau transgenic mice. Removing the gene encoding the β2ARs from the tau transgenic mice also significantly improved motor deficits. Neuropathologically, the improvement in lifespan and motor function was associated with a reduction in brain tau immunoreactivity and phosphorylation. Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that the β2AR-mediated changes in tau were linked to a reduction in the activity of GSK3β and CDK5, two of the major tau kinases. These studies provide a mechanistic link between β2ARs and tau and suggest the molecular basis linking the use of beta-blockers to a reduced incidence of AD. Furthermore, these data suggest that a detailed pharmacological modulation of β2ARs could be exploited to develop better therapeutic strategies for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Wisely
- Department of Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Department of Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Sun City, AZ, USA
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73
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Bhalla N, Di Lorenzo M, Pula G, Estrela P. Protein phosphorylation analysis based on proton release detection: potential tools for drug discovery. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:109-14. [PMID: 24252767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is the most important post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotic cells and it is catalysed by enzymes called kinases. The balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is critical for the regulation of physiological processes and its unbalance is the cause of several diseases. Conventional assays used to analyse the kinase activity are limited as they rely heavily on phospho-specific antibodies and radioactive tags. This makes their use impractical for high throughput drug discovery platforms. We have developed two versatile methods to detect the release of protons (H(+)) associated with the protein phosphorylation catalysed by kinases. The first approach is based on the pH-sensitive response of oxide-semiconductor interfaces and the second method detects the pH changes in phosphorylation reaction using a commercial micro-pH electrode. The proposed methods successfully detected phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by PKC-α kinase. These techniques can be readily adopted for multiplexed arrays and high throughput analysis of kinase activity, which will represent an important innovation in biomedical research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Noble W, Hanger DP, Miller CCJ, Lovestone S. The importance of tau phosphorylation for neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurol 2013; 4:83. [PMID: 23847585 PMCID: PMC3696910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar deposits of highly phosphorylated tau are a key pathological feature of several neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some frontotemporal dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of these end-stage neurofibrillary lesions do not cause neuronal loss, but rather that alterations to soluble tau proteins induce neurodegeneration. In particular, aberrant tau phosphorylation is acknowledged to be a key disease process, influencing tau structure, distribution, and function in neurons. Although typically described as a cytosolic protein that associates with microtubules and regulates axonal transport, several additional functions of tau have recently been demonstrated, including roles in DNA stabilization, and synaptic function. Most recently, studies examining the trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in disease models have suggested a potential role for extracellular tau in cell signaling pathways intrinsic to neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence showing that tau phosphorylation plays a key role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. We also comment on the tractability of altering phosphorylation-dependent tau functions for therapeutic intervention in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Noble
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK
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75
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Jiang T, Yu JT, Tan MS, Zhu XC, Tan L. β-Arrestins as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:812-8. [PMID: 23677646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β-arrestins represent a small family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulators, which provide modulating effects by facilitating desensitization and internalization of GPCRs as well as initiating their own signalings. Recent reports have demonstrated that β-arrestins levels were correlated with amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) pathology in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models. β-arrestins could enhance the activity of γ-secretase via interacting with anterior pharynx defective 1 subunit, which increased Aβ production and contributed to the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, Aβ-induced internalization of β2-adrenergic receptor internalization and loss of dendritic spine in neurons were proven to be mediated by β-arrestins, further establishing their pathogenic role in AD. More importantly, deletion of β-arrestins markedly attenuated AD pathology, without causing any gross abnormality. Here, we review the evidence about the roles of β-arrestins in the progression of AD. In addition, the established and postulated mechanisms by which β-arrestins mediated in AD pathogenesis are also discussed. Based on the role of β-arrestins in AD pathogenesis, genetically or pharmacologically targeting β-arrestins might provide new opportunities for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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