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Li K, Tian L, Guo Z, Guo S, Zhang J, Gu SH, Palli SR, Cao Y, Li S. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) Primary Response Gene E75 Isoforms Mediate Steroidogenesis Autoregulation and Regulate Developmental Timing in Bombyx. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18163-75. [PMID: 27365399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal control mechanisms that precisely control animal development remain largely elusive. The timing of major developmental transitions in insects, including molting and metamorphosis, is coordinated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). 20E involves feedback loops to maintain pulses of ecdysteroid biosynthesis leading to its upsurge, whereas the underpinning molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Using the silkworm Bombyx mori as a model, we demonstrated that E75, the 20E primary response gene, mediates a regulatory loop between ecdysteroid biosynthesis and 20E signaling. E75 isoforms A and C directly bind to retinoic acid receptor-related response elements in Halloween gene promoter regions to induce gene expression thus promoting ecdysteroid biosynthesis and developmental transition, whereas isoform B antagonizes the transcriptional activity of isoform A/C through physical interaction. As the expression of E75 isoforms is differentially induced by 20E, the E75-mediated regulatory loop represents a fine autoregulation of steroidogenesis, which contributes to the precise control of developmental timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China, the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Tian
- the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China, the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- the Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sanyou Guo
- the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- the Research Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Shi-Hong Gu
- the Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, and
| | - Subba R Palli
- the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Yang Cao
- the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Li
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Sciences and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China, the Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,
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52
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Wu Z, Guo W, Xie Y, Zhou S. Juvenile Hormone Activates the Transcription of Cell-division-cycle 6 (Cdc6) for Polyploidy-dependent Insect Vitellogenesis and Oogenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5418-27. [PMID: 26728459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although juvenile hormone (JH) is known to prevent insect larval metamorphosis and stimulate adult reproduction, the molecular mechanisms of JH action in insect reproduction remain largely unknown. Earlier, we reported that the JH-receptor complex, composed of methoprene-tolerant and steroid receptor co-activator, acts on mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) genes Mcm4 and Mcm7 to promote DNA replication and polyploidy for the massive vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis required for egg production in the migratory locust (Guo, W., Wu, Z., Song, J., Jiang, F., Wang, Z., Deng, S., Walker, V. K., and Zhou, S. (2014) PLoS Genet. 10, e1004702). In this study we have investigated the involvement of cell-division-cycle 6 (Cdc6) in JH-dependent vitellogenesis and oogenesis, as Cdc6 is essential for the formation of prereplication complex. We demonstrate here that Cdc6 is expressed in response to JH and methoprene-tolerant, and Cdc6 transcription is directly regulated by the JH-receptor complex. Knockdown of Cdc6 inhibits polyploidization of fat body and follicle cells, resulting in the substantial reduction of Vg expression in the fat body as well as severely impaired oocyte maturation and ovarian growth. Our data indicate the involvement of Cdc6 in JH pathway and a pivotal role of Cdc6 in JH-mediated polyploidization, vitellogenesis, and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Wu
- From the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingtian Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 30012, China, and
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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53
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Amsalem E, Galbraith DA, Cnaani J, Teal PEA, Grozinger CM. Conservation and modification of genetic and physiological toolkits underpinning diapause in bumble bee queens. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5596-615. [PMID: 26453894 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is the key adaptation allowing insects to survive unfavourable conditions and inhabit an array of environments. Physiological changes during diapause are largely conserved across species and are hypothesized to be regulated by a conserved suite of genes (a 'toolkit'). Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in social insects, this toolkit was co-opted to mediate caste differentiation between long-lived, reproductive, diapause-capable queens and short-lived, sterile workers. Using Bombus terrestris queens, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic changes associated with diapause and CO2 treatment, which causes queens to bypass diapause. We performed comparative analyses with genes previously identified to be associated with diapause in the Dipteran Sarcophaga crassipalpis and with caste differentiation in bumble bees. As in Diptera, diapause in bumble bees is associated with physiological and transcriptional changes related to nutrient storage, stress resistance and core metabolic pathways. There is a significant overlap, both at the level of transcript and gene ontology, between the genetic mechanisms mediating diapause in B. terrestris and S. crassipalpis, reaffirming the existence of a conserved insect diapause genetic toolkit. However, a substantial proportion (10%) of the differentially regulated transcripts in diapausing queens have no clear orthologs in other species, and key players regulating diapause in Diptera (juvenile hormone and vitellogenin) appear to have distinct functions in bumble bees. We also found a substantial overlap between genes related to caste determination and diapause in bumble bees. Thus, our studies demonstrate an intriguing interplay between pathways underpinning adaptation to environmental extremes and the evolution of sociality in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etya Amsalem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David A Galbraith
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Peter E A Teal
- Chemistry Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, 1600-1700 SW, 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Jindra M, Bellés X, Shinoda T. Molecular basis of juvenile hormone signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 11:39-46. [PMID: 28285758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite important roles played by juvenile hormone (JH) in insects, the mechanisms underlying its action were until recently unknown. A breakthrough has been the demonstration that the bHLH-PAS protein Met is an intracellular receptor for JH. Binding of JH to Met triggers dimerization of Met with its partner protein Tai, and the resulting complex induces transcription of target genes. In addition, JH can potentiate this response by phosphorylating Met and Tai via cell membrane, second-messenger signaling. An important gene induced by the JH-Met-Tai complex is Kr-h1, which inhibits metamorphosis. Kr-h1 represses an 'adult specifier' gene E93. The action of this JH-activated pathway in maintaining the juvenile status is dispensable during early postembryonic development when larvae/nymphs lack competence to metamorphose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jindra
- Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Xavier Bellés
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tetsuro Shinoda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ohwashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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Liu X, Dai F, Guo E, Li K, Ma L, Tian L, Cao Y, Zhang G, Palli SR, Li S. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) Primary Response Gene E93 Modulates 20E Signaling to Promote Bombyx Larval-Pupal Metamorphosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27370-27383. [PMID: 26378227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As revealed in a previous microarray study to identify genes regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, E93 expression in the fat body was markedly low prior to the wandering stage but abundant during larval-pupal metamorphosis. Induced by 20E and suppressed by JH, E93 expression follows this developmental profile in multiple silkworm alleles. The reduction of E93 expression by RNAi disrupted 20E signaling and the 20E-induced autophagy, caspase activity, and cell dissociation in the fat body. Reducing E93 expression also decreased the expression of the 20E-induced pupal-specific cuticle protein genes and prevented growth and differentiation of the wing discs. Importantly, the two HTH domains in E93 are critical for inducing the expression of a subset of 20E response genes, including EcR, USP, E74, Br-C, and Atg1. By contrast, the LLQHLL and PLDLSAK motifs in E93 inhibit its transcriptional activity. E93 binds to the EcR-USP complex via a physical association with USP through its LLQHLL motif; and this association is enhanced by 20E-induced EcR-USP interaction, which attenuates the transcriptional activity of E93. E93 acts through the two HTH domains to bind to GAGA-containing motifs present in the Atg1 promoter region for inducing gene expression. In conclusion, E93 transcriptionally modulates 20E signaling to promote Bombyx larval-pupal metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,; the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology and College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Enen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,; the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,; the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Cao
- the Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- the Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,.
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56
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Greb-Markiewicz B, Sadowska D, Surgut N, Godlewski J, Zarębski M, Ożyhar A. Mapping of the Sequences Directing Localization of the Drosophila Germ Cell-Expressed Protein (GCE). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133307. [PMID: 26186223 PMCID: PMC4505938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster germ cell-expressed protein (GCE) belongs to the family of bHLH-PAS transcription factors that are the regulators of gene expression networks that determine many physiological and developmental processes. GCE is a homolog of D. melanogaster methoprene tolerant protein (MET), a key mediator of anti-metamorphic signaling in insects and the putative juvenile hormone receptor. Recently, it has been shown that the functions of MET and GCE are only partially redundant and tissue specific. The ability of bHLH-PAS proteins to fulfill their function depends on proper intracellular trafficking, determined by specific sequences, i.e. the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the nuclear export signal (NES). Nevertheless, until now no data has been published on the GCE intracellular shuttling and localization signals. We performed confocal microscopy analysis of the subcellular distribution of GCE fused with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and YFP-GCE derivatives which allowed us to characterize the details of the subcellular traffic of this protein. We demonstrate that GCE possess specific pattern of localization signals, only partially consistent with presented previously for MET. The presence of a strong NLS in the C-terminal part of GCE, seems to be unique and important feature of this protein. The intracellular localization of GCE appears to be determined by the NLSs localized in PAS-B domain and C-terminal fragment of GCE, and NESs localized in PAS-A, PAS-B domains and C-terminal fragment of GCE. NLSs activity can be modified by juvenile hormone (JH) and other partners, likely 14-3-3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Greb-Markiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Daria Sadowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Surgut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mirosław Zarębski
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Jindra M, Uhlirova M, Charles JP, Smykal V, Hill RJ. Genetic Evidence for Function of the bHLH-PAS Protein Gce/Met As a Juvenile Hormone Receptor. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005394. [PMID: 26161662 PMCID: PMC4498814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormones (JHs) play a major role in controlling development and reproduction in insects and other arthropods. Synthetic JH-mimicking compounds such as methoprene are employed as potent insecticides against significant agricultural, household and disease vector pests. However, a receptor mediating effects of JH and its insecticidal mimics has long been the subject of controversy. The bHLH-PAS protein Methoprene-tolerant (Met), along with its Drosophila melanogaster paralog germ cell-expressed (Gce), has emerged as a prime JH receptor candidate, but critical evidence that this protein must bind JH to fulfill its role in normal insect development has been missing. Here, we show that Gce binds a native D. melanogaster JH, its precursor methyl farnesoate, and some synthetic JH mimics. Conditional on this ligand binding, Gce mediates JH-dependent gene expression and the hormone's vital role during development of the fly. Any one of three different single amino acid mutations in the ligand-binding pocket that prevent binding of JH to the protein block these functions. Only transgenic Gce capable of binding JH can restore sensitivity to JH mimics in D. melanogaster Met-null mutants and rescue viability in flies lacking both Gce and Met that would otherwise die at pupation. Similarly, the absence of Gce and Met can be compensated by expression of wild-type but not mutated transgenic D. melanogaster Met protein. This genetic evidence definitively establishes Gce/Met in a JH receptor role, thus resolving a long-standing question in arthropod biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jindra
- Biology Center, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Charles
- Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l’Alimentation (CSGA), CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Vlastimil Smykal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald J. Hill
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Wen D, Rivera-Perez C, Abdou M, Jia Q, He Q, Liu X, Zyaan O, Xu J, Bendena WG, Tobe SS, Noriega FG, Palli SR, Wang J, Li S. Methyl farnesoate plays a dual role in regulating Drosophila metamorphosis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005038. [PMID: 25774983 PMCID: PMC4361637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus allatum (CA) ablation results in juvenile hormone (JH) deficiency and pupal lethality in Drosophila. The fly CA produces and releases three sesquiterpenoid hormones: JH III bisepoxide (JHB3), JH III, and methyl farnesoate (MF). In the whole body extracts, MF is the most abundant sesquiterpenoid, followed by JHB3 and JH III. Knockout of JH acid methyl transferase (jhamt) did not result in lethality; it decreased biosynthesis of JHB3, but MF biosynthesis was not affected. RNAi-mediated reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (hmgcr) expression in the CA decreased biosynthesis and titers of the three sesquiterpenoids, resulting in partial lethality. Reducing hmgcr expression in the CA of the jhamt mutant further decreased MF titer to a very low level, and caused complete lethality. JH III, JHB3, and MF function through Met and Gce, the two JH receptors, and induce expression of Kr-h1, a JH primary-response gene. As well, a portion of MF is converted to JHB3 in the hemolymph or peripheral tissues. Topical application of JHB3, JH III, or MF precluded lethality in JH-deficient animals, but not in the Met gce double mutant. Taken together, these experiments show that MF is produced by the larval CA and released into the hemolymph, from where it exerts its anti-metamorphic effects indirectly after conversion to JHB3, as well as acting as a hormone itself through the two JH receptors, Met and Gce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, China
| | - Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abdou
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyu He
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ola Zyaan
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen S. Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando G. Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Subba R. Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JW); (SL)
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (SL)
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59
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Wang J, Wang S, Li S. Sumoylation modulates 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling by maintaining USP protein levels in Drosophila. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 54:80-88. [PMID: 25240618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor complex for the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), is a heterodimer of EcR and USP. It has been shown that Drosophila EcR and USP can be sumoylated in mammalian cells, but it is unknown whether EcR-USP sumoylation naturally occurs in Drosophila. In Drosophila cells, USP, but not EcR, was sumoylated by Smt3, the only Drosophila SUMO protein. The presence of EcR enhanced USP sumoylation, which is further enhanced by 20E treatment. In addition to the Lys20 sumoylation site, five potential acceptor lysine residues in USP were predicted and verified. Mutation of the USP sumoylation sites or reduction of smt3 expression by RNAi attenuated 20E-induced reporter activity. Moreover, in the salivary glands, reducing smt3 expression by RNAi decreased 20E-induced reporter activity, gene expression, and autolysosome formation. Importantly, at least partially, the smt3 RNAi-mediated reduction in 20E signaling resulted from decreased protein levels of USP. In conclusion, sumoylation modulates 20E signaling by maintaining USP protein levels in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; Division of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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