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Bolanca I, Obhodas J, Ljiljak D, Matjacic L, Kuna K. Synergetic Effects of K, Ca, Cu and Zn in Human Semen in Relation to Parameters Indicative of Spontaneous Hyperactivation of Spermatozoa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152445. [PMID: 27031102 PMCID: PMC4816564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed that sperm quality parameters indicative of spermatozoa hyperactivation such are lower “linearity” and “straightness”, and as showed by this research “elongation”, were more pronounced in patients with normal spermiogram compared to the group of men with reduced sperm motility who were undergoing routine in vitro fertilisation. The research encompassed 97 men diagnosed with normozoospermia (n = 20), asthenozoospermia (n = 54) and oligoasthenozoospermia (n = 23). The findings indicate that sperm quality of patients with normal spermiogram diagnosed according to WHO criteria, may be compromised by showing premature spontaneous hyperactivation which can decrease the chances of natural conception. We assessed synergistic effects of multiple chemical elements in ejaculated semen to find if premature spontaneous hyperactivation of spermatozoa can be a sign of imbalanced semen composition especially of elements K, Ca, Cu and Zn. Human semen samples showing low or high baseline status of chemical elements concentrations were found in samples from all three diagnostic groups. However, correlation of K/Ca and Cu/Zn ratios, taking into account samples from all three groups of men, were negative at statistical significance level p = 0.01. We tested if the negative correlation between K/Ca and Cu/Zn ratio works for greater number of semen samples. We found the negative correlation to be valid for 175 semen samples at statistical significance of p = 0.00002. The ratio of K/Ca and Cu/Zn, i.e. increased concentrations of K and Zn in comparison to concentrations of Ca and Cu, were associated with a decrease of “straightness” in the group of men with normal spermiogram and pronounced spontaneous hyperactivation of spermatozoa, implying that these elements act in synergy and that the balance of elements and not their absolute concentrations plays the major role in premature spermatozoa hyperactivation in ejaculated semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bolanca
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Obhodas
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dejan Ljiljak
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Matjacic
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Kuna
- University Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vinogradska c. 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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52
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Cohen R, Mukai C, Travis AJ. Lipid Regulation of Acrosome Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2016; 220:107-27. [PMID: 27194352 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30567-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are critical regulators of mammalian sperm function, first helping prevent premature acrosome exocytosis, then enabling sperm to become competent to fertilize at the right place/time through the process of capacitation, and ultimately triggering acrosome exocytosis. Yet because they do not fit neatly into the "DNA--RNA-protein" synthetic pathway, they are understudied and poorly understood. Here, we focus on three lipids or lipid classes-cholesterol, phospholipids, and the ganglioside G(M1)--in context of the modern paradigm of acrosome exocytosis. We describe how these various- species are precisely segregated into membrane macrodomains and microdomains, simultaneously preventing premature exocytosis while acting as foci for organizing regulatory and effector molecules that will enable exocytosis. Although the mechanisms responsible for these domains are poorly defined, there is substantial evidence for their composition and functions. We present diverse ways that lipids and lipid modifications regulate capacitation and acrosome exocytosis, describing in more detail how removal of cholesterol plays a master regulatory role in enabling exocytosis through at least two complementary pathways. First, cholesterol efflux leads to proteolytic activation of phospholipase B, which cleaves both phospholipid tails. The resultant changes in membrane curvature provide a mechanism for the point fusions now known to occur far before a sperm physically interacts with the zona pellucida. Cholesterol efflux also enables G(M1) to regulate the voltage-dependent cation channel, Ca(V)2.3, triggering focal calcium transients required for acrosome exocytosis in response to subsequent whole-cell calcium rises. We close with a model integrating functions for lipids in regulating acrosome exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Cohen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alexander J Travis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Beltrán C, Treviño CL, Mata-Martínez E, Chávez JC, Sánchez-Cárdenas C, Baker M, Darszon A. Role of Ion Channels in the Sperm Acrosome Reaction. SPERM ACROSOME BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION DURING FERTILIZATION 2016; 220:35-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30567-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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54
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Gangwar DK, Atreja SK. Signalling Events and Associated Pathways Related to the Mammalian Sperm Capacitation. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:705-11. [PMID: 26294224 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Capacitation is a biological phenomenon occurring prior to fertilization and is a multiple event process. Many physiological and biochemical changes takes place during the process; these changes are related to lipid composition of membrane, intracellular modulation of ion concentration, protein phosphorylation, sperm movement and membrane permeability. These events occur when the sperm is exposed to the new environment of ion concentration in the female reproductive tract. Ions such as bicarbonate and calcium facilitate capacitation by activating adenylyl cyclase, thus initiating protein kinase A (PKA) signalling cascade. Extracellular-regulated kinase pathway is activated by ligand binding to the membrane receptors and intracellular activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of these pathways leads to the phosphorylation of different proteins, which is associated with events such as capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction that are essential for successful fertilization. Extensive studies were carried out on protein phosphorylation in relation to capacitation, but its role still remains ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gangwar
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S K Atreja
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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55
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Wrighton DC, Muench SP, Lippiat JD. Mechanism of inhibition of mouse Slo3 (KCa 5.1) potassium channels by quinine, quinidine and barium. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4355-63. [PMID: 26045093 PMCID: PMC4556473 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel is a major component of mammalian KSper (sperm potassium conductance) channels and inhibition of these channels by quinine and barium alters sperm motility. The aim of this investigation was to determine the mechanism by which these drugs inhibit Slo3 channels. Experimental Approach Mouse (m) Slo3 (KCa5.1) channels or mutant forms were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and currents recorded with 2-electrode voltage-clamp. Gain-of-function mSlo3 mutations were used to explore the state-dependence of the inhibition. The interaction between quinidine and mSlo3 channels was modelled by in silico docking. Key Results Several drugs known to block KSper also affected mSlo3 channels with similar levels of inhibition. The inhibition induced by extracellular barium was prevented by increasing the extracellular potassium concentration. R196Q and F304Y mutations in the mSlo3 voltage sensor and pore, respectively, both increased channel activity. The F304Y mutation did not alter the effects of barium, but increased the potency of inhibition by both quinine and quinidine approximately 10-fold; this effect was not observed with the R196Q mutation. Conclusions and Implications Block of mSlo3 channels by quinine, quinidine and barium is not state-dependent. Barium inhibits mSlo3 outside the cell by interacting with the selectivity filter, whereas quinine and quinidine act from the inside, by binding in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the S6 segment of each subunit. Furthermore, we propose that the Slo3 channel activation gate lies deep within the pore between F304 in the S6 segment and the selectivity filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Wrighton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan D Lippiat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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56
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Miller MR, Mansell SA, Meyers SA, Lishko PV. Flagellar ion channels of sperm: similarities and differences between species. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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57
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Escoffier J, Navarrete F, Haddad D, Santi CM, Darszon A, Visconti PE. Flow cytometry analysis reveals that only a subpopulation of mouse sperm undergoes hyperpolarization during capacitation. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:121. [PMID: 25855261 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.127266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain fertilizing capacity, mammalian sperm should reside in the female tract for a period of time. The physiological changes that render the sperm able to fertilize are known as capacitation. Capacitation is associated with an increase in intracellular pH, an increase in intracellular calcium, and phosphorylation of different proteins. This process is also accompanied by the hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane potential (Em). In the present work, we used flow cytometry to analyze changes in sperm Em during capacitation in individual cells. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of hyperpolarized mouse sperm can be clearly distinguished by sperm flow cytometry analysis. Using sperm bearing green fluorescent protein in their acrosomes, we found that this hyperpolarized subpopulation is composed of sperm with intact acrosomes. In addition, we show that the capacitation-associated hyperpolarization is blocked by high extracellular K(+), by PKA inhibitors, and by SLO3 inhibitors in CD1 mouse sperm, and undetectable in Slo3 knockout mouse sperm. On the other hand, in sperm incubated in conditions that do not support capacitation, sperm membrane hyperpolarization can be induced by amiloride, high extracellular NaHCO3, and cAMP agonists. Altogether, our observations are consistent with a model in which sperm Em hyperpolarization is downstream of a cAMP-dependent pathway and is mediated by the activation of SLO3 K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Escoffier
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Doug Haddad
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Celia M Santi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Pablo E Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Integrated Sciences Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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58
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SLO3 auxiliary subunit LRRC52 controls gating of sperm KSPER currents and is critical for normal fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2599-604. [PMID: 25675513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423869112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following entry into the female reproductive tract, mammalian sperm undergo a maturation process termed capacitation that results in competence to fertilize ova. Associated with capacitation is an increase in membrane conductance to both Ca(2+) and K(+), leading to an elevation in cytosolic Ca(2+) critical for activation of hyperactivated swimming motility. In mice, the Ca(2+) conductance (alkalization-activated Ca(2+)-permeable sperm channel, CATSPER) arises from an ensemble of CATSPER subunits, whereas the K(+) conductance (sperm pH-regulated K(+) current, KSPER) arises from a pore-forming ion channel subunit encoded by the slo3 gene (SLO3) subunit. In the mouse, both CATSPER and KSPER are activated by cytosolic alkalization and a concerted activation of CATSPER and KSPER is likely a common facet of capacitation-associated increases in Ca(2+) and K(+) conductance among various mammalian species. The properties of heterologously expressed mouse SLO3 channels differ from native mouse KSPER current. Recently, a potential KSPER auxiliary subunit, leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 52 (LRRC52), was identified in mouse sperm and shown to shift gating of SLO3 to be more equivalent to native KSPER. Here, we show that genetic KO of LRRC52 results in mice with severely impaired fertility. Activation of KSPER current in sperm lacking LRRC52 requires more positive voltages and higher pH than for WT KSPER. These results establish a critical role of LRRC52 in KSPER channels and demonstrate that loss of a non-pore-forming auxiliary subunit results in severe fertility impairment. Furthermore, through analysis of several genotypes that influence KSPER current properties we show that in vitro fertilization competence correlates with the net KSPER conductance available for activation under physiological conditions.
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59
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Seifert R, Flick M, Bönigk W, Alvarez L, Trötschel C, Poetsch A, Müller A, Goodwin N, Pelzer P, Kashikar ND, Kremmer E, Jikeli J, Timmermann B, Kuhl H, Fridman D, Windler F, Kaupp UB, Strünker T. The CatSper channel controls chemosensation in sea urchin sperm. EMBO J 2014; 34:379-92. [PMID: 25535245 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm guidance is controlled by chemical and physical cues. In many species, Ca(2+) bursts in the flagellum govern navigation to the egg. In Arbacia punctulata, a model system of sperm chemotaxis, a cGMP signaling pathway controls these Ca(2+) bursts. The underlying Ca(2+) channel and its mechanisms of activation are unknown. Here, we identify CatSper Ca(2+) channels in the flagellum of A. punctulata sperm. We show that CatSper mediates the chemoattractant-evoked Ca(2+) influx and controls chemotactic steering; a concomitant alkalization serves as a highly cooperative mechanism that enables CatSper to transduce periodic voltage changes into Ca(2+) bursts. Our results reveal intriguing phylogenetic commonalities but also variations between marine invertebrates and mammals regarding the function and control of CatSper. The variations probably reflect functional and mechanistic adaptations that evolved during the transition from external to internal fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Seifert
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Flick
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Pflanzen, Bochum, Germany
| | - Astrid Müller
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany
| | - Normann Goodwin
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patric Pelzer
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Abteilung für Funktionelle Neuroanatomie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nachiket D Kashikar
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, München, Germany
| | - Jan Jikeli
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Heiner Kuhl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry Fridman
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Florian Windler
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - U Benjamin Kaupp
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Timo Strünker
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), Abteilung Molekulare Neurosensorik, Bonn, Germany Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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