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von Düring ME, Jenssen T, Bollerslev J, Åsberg A, Godang K, Eide IA, Dahle DO, Hartmann A. Visceral fat is better related to impaired glucose metabolism than body mass index after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 2015; 28:1162-71. [PMID: 25970153 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in post-transplant hyperglycaemia is not known. We evaluated 167 patients without diabetes 8-10 weeks after kidney transplantation, performing oral glucose tolerance tests and measuring VAT content from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Median VAT weight in normal glucose tolerance patients was 0.9 kg, impaired fasting glucose patients 1.0 kg, impaired glucose tolerance patients 1.3 kg and patients with post-transplant diabetes (PTDM) 2.1 kg (P = 0.004, indicating a difference between groups). Percentage VAT of total body fat was associated with fasting (R(2) = 0.094, P < 0.001) and 2-h glucose concentration (R(2) = 0.062, P = 0.001), while BMI was only associated with 2-h glucose concentration (R(2) = 0.029, P = 0.028). An association between BMI and 2-h glucose concentration was lost in adjusted models, as opposed to the associations between VAT as percentage of total body fat and glucose concentrations (R(2) = 0.132, P < 0.001 and R(2) = 0.097, P = 0.001, respectively for fasting and 2-h glucose concentration). In conclusion, VAT is more closely related to impaired glucose metabolism than BMI after kidney transplantation. The association with central obesity should encourage additional studies on lifestyle interventions to prevent PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Elizabeth von Düring
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Godang
- Department of Endocrinology, Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Anders Eide
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Olav Dahle
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Glucose induces sensitivity to oxygen deprivation and modulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and lipid biosynthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:167-84. [PMID: 25762526 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.174631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a central environmental factor that contributes to the phenotype and physiology of individuals. At the root of many human health issues is the excess of calorie intake relative to calorie expenditure. For example, the increasing amount of dietary sugars in the human diet is contributing to the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have compromised oxygen delivery, and thus it is of interest to investigate the impact a high-sugar diet has on oxygen deprivation responses. By utilizing the Caenorhabditis elegans genetic model system, which is anoxia tolerant, we determined that a glucose-supplemented diet negatively impacts responses to anoxia and that the insulin-like signaling pathway, through fatty acid and ceramide synthesis, modulates anoxia survival. Additionally, a glucose-supplemented diet alters lipid localization and initiates a positive chemotaxis response. Use of RNA-sequencing analysis to compare gene expression responses in animals fed either a standard or glucose-supplemented diet revealed that glucose impacts the expression of genes involved with multiple cellular processes including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, cell division, and extracellular functions. Several of the genes we identified show homology to human genes that are differentially regulated in response to obesity or type 2 diabetes, suggesting that there may be conserved gene expression responses between C. elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet and a diabetic and/or obesity state observed in humans. These findings support the utility of the C. elegans model for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating dietary-induced metabolic diseases.
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Kim EY, Kim WK, Oh KJ, Han BS, Lee SC, Bae KH. Recent advances in proteomic studies of adipose tissues and adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4581-99. [PMID: 25734986 PMCID: PMC4394436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that is associated with significantly increased levels of risk of a number of metabolic disorders. Despite these enhanced health risks, the worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Obesity is caused by the accumulation of an abnormal amount of body fat in adipose tissue, which is composed mostly of adipocytes. Thus, a deeper understanding of the regulation mechanism of adipose tissue and/or adipocytes can provide a clue for overcoming obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances in the study of adipose tissue and/or adipocytes, focusing on proteomic approaches. In addition, we suggest future research directions for proteomic studies which may lead to novel treatments of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Functional Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology of Korea, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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Wang Y, Zhu T, Ke S, Fang N, Irwin DM, Lei M, Zhang J, Shi H, Zhang S, Wang Z. The great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger) as a good model for cold-induced browning of intra-abdominal white adipose tissue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112495. [PMID: 25393240 PMCID: PMC4231071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducing beige fat from white adipose tissue (WAT) is considered to be a shortcut to weight loss and increasingly becoming a key area in research into treatments for obesity and related diseases. However, currently, animal models of beige fat are restricted to rodents, where subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT, benign WAT) is more liable to develop into the beige fat under specific activators than the intra-abdominal adipose tissue (aWAT, malignant WAT) that is the major source of obesity related diseases in humans. METHODS Here we induced beige fat by cold exposure in two species of bats, the great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger) and the rickett's big-footed bat (Myotis ricketti), and compared the molecular and morphological changes with those seen in the mouse. Expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1 and Pgc1a) was measured by RT-qPCR and adipocyte morphology examined by HE staining at three adipose locations, sWAT, aWAT and iBAT (interscapular brown adipose tissue). RESULTS Expression of Ucp1 and Pgc1a was significantly upregulated, by 729 and 23 fold, respectively, in aWAT of the great roundleaf bat after exposure to 10°C for 7 days. Adipocyte diameters of WATs became significantly reduced and the white adipocytes became brown-like in morphology. In mice, similar changes were found in the sWAT, but much lower amounts of changes in aWAT were seen. Interestingly, the rickett's big-footed bat did not show such a tendency in beige fat. CONCLUSIONS The great roundleaf bat is potentially a good animal model for human aWAT browning research. Combined with rodent models, this model should be helpful for finding therapies for reducing harmful aWAT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Ke
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Fang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming Lei
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Shi
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (ZW)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (ZW)
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Murri M, Insenser M, Luque M, Tinahones FJ, Escobar-Morreale HF. Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue: informing diabetes research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:491-502. [PMID: 24684164 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.903158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the most common endocrine diseases worldwide, results from complex pathophysiological mechanisms that are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is considered a major endocrine organ and plays a central role in the development of diabetes. The identification of the adipose tissue-derived factors that contribute to the onset and progression of diabetes will hopefully lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Proteomic techniques may be useful tools for this purpose. In the present review, we have summarized the studies conducting adipose tissue proteomics in subjects with diabetes and insulin resistance, and discussed the proteins identified in these studies as candidates to exert important roles in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Universidad de Alcalá and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), E-28034 Madrid, Spain
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