51
|
Bergvik S, Sørlie T, Wynn R. Approach and avoidance coping and regulatory focus in patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Health Psychol 2010; 15:915-24. [PMID: 20453051 DOI: 10.1177/1359105309359542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is stressful, and the patient's coping affects recovery and outcome. The aim of the study was to identify patients' thoughts and concerns, and explore the relevance of approach/avoidant coping and Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT). Nine patients were interviewed, using an interpretative phenomenological approach. The patients made use of various avoidant (e.g. neglecting symptoms, delaying help-seeking, avoiding thoughts) and approach strategies (e.g. persistent search for the diagnosis, mental preparation for surgery). RFT versus approach/avoidant coping is discussed. RFT may contribute to our understanding of motivational cognitions in patients' coping with illness and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svein Bergvik
- University of Tromsø & University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mental health and posttraumatic stress symptoms 2 years after severe multiple trauma: self-reported disability and psychosocial functioning. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91:481-8. [PMID: 20298843 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe mental health and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) for patients with severe multiple trauma at 2 years postinjury. Further, objectives were to examine relationships between PTSS and factors related to the person, injury, and postinjury physical and psychosocial functioning from the time of return home to 2 years after injury. The final aim was to identify predictors of PTSS and mental health at 2 years. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up. SETTING Hospital and community setting. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=99) age 18 to 67 years with multiple trauma and a New Injury Severity Score (NISS) greater than 15 treated at a regional trauma referral center. Mean age +/- SD was 35.3+/-14.2 years; 83% were men. Mean NISS +/- SD was 34.9+/-12.7. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postinjury psychologic distress associated with depression on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Mental Health scale and PTSS on the Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale 10 (PTSS-10) at 2 years post injury. Self-reported physical, mental, and cognitive functioning at the return home and 1 and 2 years, and coping strategies. RESULTS Mean PTSS-10 score +/- SD at 2 years was 25.6+/-12.2. Twenty percent had a PTSS-High score, indicating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Twenty-seven percent had Mental Health scores indicating depression. Predictors of PTSS were sex (female), younger age, avoidant coping, pain, mental health, and cognitive functioning on the return home, which explained 70% of the variance in PTSS-10 score. CONCLUSIONS Twenty percent had a PTSS-High score indicating PTSD at 2 years postinjury. The personal factors sex (female), younger age, and avoidant coping and the functional factors pain, mental health, and cognitive functioning predicted PTSS at 2 years.
Collapse
|
53
|
Rutskij R, Gaarden T, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Finset A, Fossa SD, Klepp O, Sorebo O, Wist E, Dahl AA. A study of coping in long-term testicular cancer survivors. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2010; 15:146-58. [DOI: 10.1080/13548501003623955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rutskij
- a Department of Psychiatry , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Torfinn Gaarden
- a Department of Psychiatry , Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Roy Bremnes
- b Department of Oncology , University Hospital of Northern Norway , Tromsoe , Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- c Department of Oncology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Arnstein Finset
- d Department of Behavioral Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fossa
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
| | - Olbjorn Klepp
- f Department of Oncology , St. Olav's Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Oystein Sorebo
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
- g Department of Economics and Social Sciences , Buskerud University College , Honefoss , Norway
| | - Erik Wist
- h Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, The Cancer Centre , Oslo , Norway
| | - Alv A. Dahl
- e Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Montebello , Oslo , 0310 , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Grov EK, Fosså SD, Bremnes RM, Dahl O, Klepp O, Wist E, Dahl AA. The personality trait of neuroticism is strongly associated with long-term morbidity in testicular cancer survivors. Acta Oncol 2010; 48:842-9. [PMID: 19412812 DOI: 10.1080/02841860902795232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is a personality trait expressing nervousness and insecurity. Associations between neuroticism and morbidity in long-term cancer survivors have hardly been explored. The aim of this study was to explore associations between neuroticism and somatic and mental morbidity and lifestyle issues in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TCSs). MATERIAL AND METHODS All Norwegian TCSs treated between 1980 and 1994 (n = 1 814) were invited to this cross-sectional study. Among them 1 428 (79% response rate) delivered valid data. Neuroticism was self-rated on an abridged version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Information was collected by mailed questionnaires. The associations of neuroticism and self-reported variables were tested with multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Neuroticism was significantly associated with presence of somatic complaints, reduced physical function, neurotoxic side-effects (tinnitus, hearing impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and Raynaud's Phenomenon), self-esteem, concerns about not being able to father children, sexual problems, hazardous alcohol use, daily use of medication, use of sedatives and hypnotics, recent visits to a general practitioner, and seeing a psychologist/ psychiatrist after ended cancer treatment. Poor self-rated health, higher number of negative life events, economical problems and problems getting loans granted showed significant associations with neuroticism. DISCUSSION Neuroticism in TCSs at long-term follow-up is significantly associated with somatic and mental morbidities, and several aspects of unhealthy lifestyle. High levels of neuroticism should be considered in TCSs expressing multiple complaints and concerns at follow-up consultations. Assessment of neuroticism may be clinically important in order to offer appropriate interventions to prevent and manage morbidity in TCSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Karine Grov
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie D. Fosså
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty Division, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roy M. Bremnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olbjørn Klepp
- Department of Oncology, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund/Saint Olav's Hospital, National University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Wist
- Department of Oncology, Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alv A. Dahl
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty Division, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Hamnes B, Garratt A, Kjeken I, Kristjansson E, Hagen KB. Translation, data quality, reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the Effective Musculoskeletal Consumer Scale (EC-17). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:21. [PMID: 20113488 PMCID: PMC2828423 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Effective Musculoskeletal Consumer Scale (EC-17) is a self-administered questionnaire for evaluating self-management interventions that empower and educate people with rheumatic conditions. The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the Norwegian version of EC-17 against the necessary criteria for a patient-reported outcome measure, including responsiveness to change. Methods Data quality, reliability, validity and responsiveness were assessed in two groups. One group comprising 103 patients received a questionnaire before and at the end of a self-management programme. The second group comprising 96 patients' received the questionnaire two weeks before and on arrival of the program. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. Construct validity was assessed through comparisons with the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire, (BACQ), the Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EAC) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20). Responsiveness was assessed with the Standardised Response Mean (SRM). Results Respondents included 66 (64%) and 52 (54%) patients from the first and second groups respectively. Levels of missing data were low for all items. There was good evidence for unidimensionality, item-total correlations ranged from 0.59 to 0.82 and Cronbach's Alpha and test-retest correlations were over 0.90. As hypothesised EC-17 scores had statistically significant low to moderate correlations with the BACQ, EAC and GHQ-20 in the range 0.26 to 0.42. Following the self-management program, EC-17 scores showed a significant improvement with an SRM of 0.48. Conclusion The Norwegian version of the EC-17 has evidence for data quality, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness to change. The EC-17 seems promising as an outcome measure for evaluating self-management interventions for people with rheumatic conditions, but further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Hamnes
- Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, M. Grundvigsvei 6, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Polman R, Borkoles E, Nicholls AR. Type D personality, stress, and symptoms of burnout: the influence of avoidance coping and social support. Br J Health Psychol 2009; 15:681-96. [PMID: 19930789 DOI: 10.1348/135910709x479069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether approach coping, avoidance coping, or perceptions of available social support mediated the relationship between Type D personality and perceived stress. Furthermore, this research also examined whether Type D moderated the relationship between perceived stress and symptoms of burnout. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 334 (male N=180; female N=154) first-year undergraduate students completed the Type D Scale-14 (DS14), the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. DESIGN Cross-sectional. RESULTS Multiple mediation analysis revealed that only resignation and withdrawal coping, but not social support partially mediated the relationship between Type D and perceived stress. A small moderation effect was found for the disengagement subscale of the burnout inventory, with Type D individuals experiencing higher levels of disengagement at low and average stress levels. The correlations between variables provided support for most of the prediction from the literature with regard to Type D. CONCLUSION Of the participants in the present study, 24.9% were classified as Type D. These individuals tend to use more passive and maladaptive avoidance coping strategies such as resignation and withdrawal. This is associated with higher levels of perceived stress and linked to increased levels of burnout symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remco Polman
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zangi HA, Garratt A, Hagen KB, Stanton AL, Mowinckel P, Finset A. Emotion regulation in patients with rheumatic diseases: validity and responsiveness of the Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EAC). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:107. [PMID: 19728869 PMCID: PMC2749806 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rheumatic diseases are painful conditions which are not entirely controllable and can place high emotional demands on individuals. Increasing evidence has shown that emotion regulation in terms of actively processing and expressing disease-related emotions are likely to promote positive adjustment in patients with chronic diseases. The Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EAC) measures active attempts to acknowledge, understand, and express emotions. Although tested in other clinical samples, the EAC has not been validated for patients with rheumatic diseases. This study evaluated the data quality, internal consistency reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the EAC for this group of patients. METHODS 220 patients with different rheumatic diseases were included in a cross-sectional study in which data quality and internal consistency were assessed. Construct validity was assessed through comparisons with the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-20). Responsiveness was tested in a longitudinal pretest-posttest study of two different coping interventions, the Vitality Training Program (VTP) and a Self-Management Program (SMP). RESULTS The EAC had low levels of missing data. Results from principal component analysis supported two subscales, Emotional Expression and Emotional Processing, which had high Cronbach's alphas of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The EAC had correlations with approach-oriented items in the BACQ in the range 0.17-0.50. The EAC Expression scale had a significant negative correlation with the GHQ-20 of -0.13. As hypothesized, participation in the VTP significantly improved EAC scores, indicating responsiveness to change. CONCLUSION The EAC is an acceptable and valid instrument for measuring emotional processing and expression in patients with rheumatic diseases. The EAC scales were responsive to change in an intervention designed to promote emotion regulation. The instrument has not yet been tested for test-retest reliability, which is recommended in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Zangi
- National Resource Center for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Pb, 23 Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Skaali T, Fosså SD, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Haaland CF, Hauge ER, Klepp O, Oldenburg J, Wist E, Dahl AA. Fear of recurrence in long-term testicular cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2009; 18:580-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
59
|
Soberg HL, Finset A, Bautz-Holter E, Sandvik L, Roise O. Return to Work After Severe Multiple Injuries: A Multidimensional Approach on Status 1 and 2 Years Postinjury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 62:471-81. [PMID: 17297338 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31802e95f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of factors associated with return to work (RTW) after multiple trauma is important in trauma research. Goals in rehabilitation should comprise RTW. The purpose of this study was to examine the RTW rate and which factors predicted RTW for patients with severe multiple injuries using a prospective cohort design. METHODS In all, 100 patients with a New Injury Severity Score (NISS) >15, aged 18 to 67 years and admitted to a trauma referral center, were included starting January 2002 through June 2003. Outcomes were assessed 6 weeks after discharge and 1 and 2 years postinjury. Instruments were the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, Short Form-36, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II, and a cognitive function scale (COG). RESULTS Mean age was 34.5 years (SD 13.5), 83% were male, and 66% were blue-collar workers. Mean NISS was 35.1 (SD 12.7). At 1 year, 28% achieved complete RTW, 43% at 2 years. Mean time back to work was 12.8 months (SD 5.9). Differences between the RTW and not complete RTW (NRTW) groups concerned personal and demographic variables, and physical and psychosocial functioning. Survival analysis showed that risk factors for NRTW were lower education, length of stay in hospital/rehabilitation >20 weeks, and low social functioning shortly after the return home. CONCLUSION The majority of the patients had not completely returned to work 2 years postinjury. Demographic and injury related factors and social functioning were significant predictors of RTW status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Lundgaard Soberg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulleval University Hospital, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Laerum E, Steinea S, Finset A. The Patient Perspective Survey (PPS): a new tool to improve consultation outcome and patient involvement in general practice patients with complex health problems. Psychometric testing and development of a final version. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2004; 52:201-207. [PMID: 15132526 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(03)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Patient Perspective Survey (PPS) is designed to enhance consultation outcome and patient participation among general practice patients with complex health problems. This article presents the final version of the survey. This version is more condensed, tested for psychometric and clinical properties, and with increased emphasis on coping. The development and testing was performed in two phases with two groups of GPs and patients. Indications for use and criteria for rejection of items were defined, based on comprehensive data analysis and clinical judgement. The number of items was reduced to 38 items. The majority of diagnoses were related to psychosocial or musculoskeletal disorders. For the survey's main dimensions (psychological and somatic items, everyday life situation and coping) sound psychometric properties were identified. Seven open-ended questions were found useful for obtaining important new information and stimulating processes, often related to coping aspects. The revised 38-item PPS represents a condensed and final version, with increased focus on coping, and sound psychometric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Even Laerum
- Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, Section of General Practice, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1130 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Mikkelsen A, Burke RJ. Work-family concerns of Norwegian police officers: Antecedents and consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRESS MANAGEMENT 2004. [DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.11.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|