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Choi SW, Shin YC, Kim DJ, Choi JS, Kim S, Kim SH, Youn H. Treatment modalities for patients with gambling disorder. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2017; 16:23. [PMID: 28465711 PMCID: PMC5410060 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling disorder (GD) is defined as persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. The prevalence of GD has been shown to be 1.2-7.1% in the general population. GD can severely impact on personal and vocational wellbeing as well as lead to financial problems, and has been known to be difficult to treat. This review describes the available pharmacotherapy/psychosocial treatments for GD patients, and summarizes data on the effectiveness of these GD treatments. METHODS This review refers to newly as well as previously published studies and guidelines. RESULTS The description of pharmacotherapy mainly focuses on opioid receptor antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and mood stabilizers. Psychosocial treatments/strategies mainly include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and Gamblers Anonymous. We also introduce relatively novel treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS This review can help clinicians to decide treatment plans for their GD patients. In addition, it can be used as a reference for designing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Wook Choi
- Korea Institute on Behavioral Addictions, True Mind Clinic, F7, KR tower, 1 141, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06132 South Korea.,Healthcare & Information Research Institute, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheongnam-do 31021 South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 South Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Bora-mae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061 South Korea
| | - Seohee Kim
- Korea Institute on Behavioral Addictions, True Mind Clinic, F7, KR tower, 1 141, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06132 South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 South Korea
| | - HyunChul Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 South Korea
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Gainsbury SM, Delfabbro P, King DL, Hing N. An Exploratory Study of Gambling Operators' Use of Social Media and the Latent Messages Conveyed. J Gambl Stud 2016; 32:125-41. [PMID: 25644444 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-015-9525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advertisements for gambling products have historically been restricted due to their potential to normalize gambling and contribute to excessive gambling behaviours among vulnerable populations. However, social media enables gambling operators to promote products and brands with fewer constraints than in traditional forms of media. This study investigated how social media is used by gambling operators to promote gambling activities including an analysis of the latent messages that are conveyed. A representative sample of major land-based and online gambling venues and operators, including casinos, clubs, hotels, lottery and wagering operators (n = 101), was obtained. Websites and social media profiles of gambling operators were audited to investigate the types of social media used, content of promotions, and prevalence of responsible gambling messaging. The results showed that Facebook and Twitter were the dominant platforms used, most commonly by casinos and online wagering operators. A key finding was that online gambling operators included gambling content in conjunction with related news and events, as well as unrelated content, as way of normalizing gambling within a broader social context. Unlike land-based gambling promotions, responsible gambling information tended not to feature in operators' posts and profiles. The key messages propagated in social media gambling promotions were positively framed, and tended to encourage gambling using a range of cross-promotional tactics to emphasize the winning aspect of gambling. The implications of freely accessible and pervasive gambling promotions via social media are discussed with respect to the general community as well as vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally M Gainsbury
- Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - Paul Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel L King
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nerilee Hing
- Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Hing N, Sproston K, Brook K, Brading R. The Structural Features of Sports and Race Betting Inducements: Issues for Harm Minimisation and Consumer Protection. J Gambl Stud 2016; 33:685-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stead M, Dobbie F, Angus K, Purves RI, Reith G, Macdonald L. The Online Bingo Boom in the UK: A Qualitative Examination of Its Appeal. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154763. [PMID: 27138116 PMCID: PMC4854447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Online bingo has seen significant growth in recent years. This study sought to increase understanding of this growth by exploring the appeal of online bingo. Our aim was to examine the content of ten online bingo websites in the UK and analyse a qualitative secondary dataset of 12 female bingo players to investigate the appeal of online bingo. Using two distinct data sources allowed us to assess how the key messages online websites are trying to convey compare with actual players’ motivation to play bingo. Our analysis of bingo websites found a common theme where websites were easy to navigate and structured to present a light-hearted, fun, reassuring, social image of gambling. In addition, the design decisions reflected in the bingo sites had the effect of positioning online bingo as a benign, child-like, homely, women-friendly, social activity. Comparison of the website content with our participants’ reasons to play bingo showed congruence between the strategies used by the bingo websites and the motivations of bingo players themselves and the benefits which they seek; suggesting that bingo websites strive to replicate and update the sociability of traditional bingo halls. Online bingo differs from traditional forms of bingo in its ability to be played anywhere and at any time, and its capacity to offer a deeply immersive experience. The potential for this type of online immersion in gambling to lead to harm is only just being investigated and further research is required to understand how the industry is regulated, as well as the effects of online bingo on individual gambling ‘careers.’
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Stead
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Fiona Dobbie
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Angus
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Richard I. Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Gerda Reith
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Macdonald
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Kim HS, Wohl MJA, Gupta R, Derevensky J. From the mouths of social media users: A focus group study exploring the social casino gaming-online gambling link. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:115-121. [PMID: 28092197 PMCID: PMC5322989 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The potential link between social casino gaming and online gambling has raised considerable concerns among clinicians, researchers and policy makers. Unfortunately, however, there is a paucity of research examining this potential link, especially among young adults. This represents a significant gap given young adults are frequently exposed to and are players of social casino games. Methods To better understand the potential link between social casino games and online gambling, we conducted three focus groups (N = 30) at two large Canadian Universities with college students who were avid social media users (who are regularly exposed to social casino games). Results Many participants spontaneously mentioned that social casino games were a great opportunity to build gambling skills before playing for real money. Importantly, some participants expressed a belief that there is a direct progression from social casino gaming to online gambling. Conversely, others believed the transition to online gambling depended on a person's personality, rather than mere exposure to social casino games. While many young adults in our focus groups felt immune to the effects of social casino games, there was a general consensus that social casino games may facilitate the transition to online gambling among younger teenagers (i.e., 12-14 yr olds), due to the ease of accessibility and early exposure. Discussion The results of the present research point to the need for more study on the effects of social casino gambling as well as a discussion concerning regulation of social casino games in order to minimize their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. A. Wohl
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr. Michael J. A. Wohl; Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, B550 Loeb Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; E-mail:
| | - Rina Gupta
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gainsbury SM, King DL, Hing N, Delfabbro P. Social media marketing and gambling: An interview study of gambling operators in Australia. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1058409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gainsbury SM, Hing N, Delfabbro P, Dewar G, King DL. An Exploratory Study of Interrelationships Between Social Casino Gaming, Gambling, and Problem Gambling. Int J Ment Health Addict 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-014-9526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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