51
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Wang L, Ye X, Zhao T. The physiological roles of autophagy in the mammalian life cycle. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:503-516. [PMID: 30239126 PMCID: PMC7379196 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily an efficient intracellular catabolic pathway used for degradation of abnormal cellular protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Although autophagy was initially proposed to be a cellular stress responder, increasing evidence suggests that it carries out normal physiological roles in multiple biological processes. To date, autophagy has been identified in most organs and at many different developmental stages, indicating that it is not only essential for cellular homeostasis and renovation, but is also important for organ development. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of autophagy (which here refers to macroautophagy) in the mammalian life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiongjun Ye
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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52
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Arrázola MS, Andraini T, Szelechowski M, Mouledous L, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Davezac N, Belenguer P, Rampon C, Miquel MC. Mitochondria in Developmental and Adult Neurogenesis. Neurotox Res 2018; 36:257-267. [PMID: 30215161 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Generation of new neurons is a tightly regulated process that involves several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among them, a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, together with mitochondrial remodeling, has emerged as crucial actors of neurogenesis. However, although accumulating data raise the importance of mitochondrial morphology and function in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation during development, information regarding the contribution of mitochondria to adult neurogenesis processes remains limited. In the present review, we discuss recent evidence covering the importance of mitochondrial morphology, function, and energy metabolism in the regulation of neuronal development and adult neurogenesis, and their impact on memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena S Arrázola
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Trinovita Andraini
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marion Szelechowski
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Noélie Davezac
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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53
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Salinomycin-induced autophagy blocks apoptosis via the ATG3/AKT/mTOR signaling axis in PC-3 cells. Life Sci 2018; 207:451-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Jakovljevic J, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Arsenijevic A, Jovicic N, Volarevic V. Modulation of autophagy as new approach in mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:404-410. [PMID: 29787987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their trophic and immunoregulatory characteristics mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tremendous potential for use in a variety of clinical applications. Challenges in MSCs' clinical applications include low survival of transplanted cells and low grafting efficiency requiring use of a high number of MSCs to achieve therapeutic benefits. Accordingly, new approaches are urgently needed in order to overcome these limitations. Recent evidence indicates that modulation of autophagy in MSCs prior to their transplantation enhances survival and viability of engrafted MSCs and promotes their pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory characteristics. Here, we review the current literature describing mechanisms by which modulation of autophagy strengthens pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive characteristics of MSCs in animal models of multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, diabetic limb ischemia, myocardial infarction, acute graft-versus-host disease, kidney and liver diseases. Obtained results suggest that modulation of autophagy in MSCs may represent a new therapeutic approach that could enhance efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of ischemic and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jakovljevic
- University of Kragujevac Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - C Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N Palm Harbor, Palm Harbor, Florida, United States
| | - Crissy Fellabaum
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N Palm Harbor, Palm Harbor, Florida, United States
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- University of Kragujevac Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- University of Kragujevac Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- University of Kragujevac Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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55
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Rodger CE, McWilliams TG, Ganley IG. Mammalian mitophagy - from in vitro molecules to in vivo models. FEBS J 2018; 285:1185-1202. [PMID: 29151277 PMCID: PMC5947125 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The autophagic turnover of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, is thought to play an essential role in not only maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network but also that of the cell and organism as a whole. We have come a long way in identifying the molecular components required for mitophagy through extensive in vitro work and cell line characterisation, yet the physiological significance and context of these pathways remain largely unexplored. This is highlighted by the recent development of new mouse models that have revealed a striking level of variation in mitophagy, even under normal conditions. Here, we focus on programmed mitophagy and summarise our current understanding of why, how and where this takes place in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Rodger
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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56
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Dubinski AF, Camasta R, Soule TGB, Reed BH, Glerum DM. Consequences of cytochrome c oxidase assembly defects for the yeast stationary phase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:445-458. [PMID: 29567354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is essential for a functional mitochondrial respiratory chain, although the consequences of a loss of assembled COX at yeast stationary phase, an excellent model for terminally differentiated cells in humans, remain largely unexamined. In this study, we show that a wild-type respiratory competent yeast strain at stationary phase is characterized by a decreased oxidative capacity, as seen by a reduction in the amount of assembled COX and by a decrease in protein levels of several COX assembly factors. In contrast, loss of assembled COX results in the decreased abundance of many mitochondrial proteins at stationary phase, which is likely due to decreased membrane potential and changes in mitophagy. In addition to an altered mitochondrial proteome, COX assembly mutants display unexpected changes in markers of cellular oxidative stress at stationary phase. Our results suggest that mitochondria may not be a major source of reactive oxygen species at stationary phase in cells lacking an intact respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia F Dubinski
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Raffaele Camasta
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tyler G B Soule
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bruce H Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D Moira Glerum
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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57
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Boya P, Codogno P, Rodriguez-Muela N. Autophagy in stem cells: repair, remodelling and metabolic reprogramming. Development 2018; 145:145/4/dev146506. [PMID: 29483129 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway by which cellular components are delivered to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Autophagy serves as a crucial intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but is also involved in cell remodelling during development and cell differentiation. In addition, mitophagy, the process by which damaged mitochondria undergo autophagy, has emerged as key regulator of cell metabolism. In recent years, a number of studies have revealed roles for autophagy and mitophagy in the regulation of stem cells, which represent the origin for all tissues during embryonic and postnatal development, and contribute to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout adult life. Here, we review these studies, focussing on the latest evidence that supports the quality control, remodelling and metabolic functions of autophagy during the activation, self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic, adult and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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58
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Han Y, Fan S, Qin T, Yang J, Sun Y, Lu Y, Mao J, Li L. Role of autophagy in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1057-1070. [PMID: 29436618 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a key catabolic process, in which cytosolic cargo is engulfed by the formation of a double membrane and then degraded through the fusing of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Autophagy is a constitutively active, evolutionarily conserved, catabolic process important for the maintenance of homeostasis in cellular stress responses and cell survival. Although the mechanisms of autophagy have not yet been fully elucidated, emerging evidence suggests that it plays a dual role in breast cancer and in maintaining the activity of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, it may play a complex role in breast CSC therapy. Breast CSCs, a population of cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and sustain tumor growth, play an essential role in cancer recurrence, anticancer resistance and metastasis. In addition, the elucidation of the association between autophagy and apoptosis in the tumor context is crucial in order to better address appropriate therapy strategies. In the present review, a summary of the mechanisms and roles of autophagy in breast cancer and CSCs is presented. The potential value of such autophagy modulators in the development of novel breast cancer therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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59
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Gong J, Gu H, Zhao L, Wang L, Liu P, Wang F, Xu H, Zhao T. Phosphorylation of ULK1 by AMPK is essential for mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:38. [PMID: 29348566 PMCID: PMC5833692 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process to degrade both damaged organelles and aggregated proteins in somatic cells. We have recently identified that autophagy is an executor for mitochondrial homeostasis in embryonic stem cell (ESC), and thus contribute to stemness regulation. However, the regulatory and functional mechanisms of autophagy in ESC are still largely unknown. Here we have shown that activation of ULK1 by AMPK is essential for ESC self-renewal and pluripotency. Dysfunction of Ulk1 decreases the autophagic flux in ESC, leading to compromised self-renewal and pluripotency. These defects can be rescued by reacquisition of wild-type ULK1 and ULK1(S757A) mutant, but not ULK1(S317A, S555A and S777A) and kinase dead ULK1(K46I) mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylation of ULK1 by AMPK, but not mTOR, is essential for stemness regulation in ESC. The findings highlight a critical role for AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 pathway to maintain ESC self-renewal and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, 276600, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pinglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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60
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Noormohammadi A, Calculli G, Gutierrez-Garcia R, Khodakarami A, Koyuncu S, Vilchez D. Mechanisms of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) maintain stem cell identity in mammalian pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:275-290. [PMID: 28748323 PMCID: PMC11105389 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function, development, and organismal viability. The composition of the proteome is adjusted to the specific requirements of a particular cell type and status. Moreover, multiple metabolic and environmental conditions challenge the integrity of the proteome. To maintain the quality of the proteome, the proteostasis network monitors proteins from their synthesis through their degradation. Whereas somatic stem cells lose their ability to maintain proteostasis with age, immortal pluripotent stem cells exhibit a stringent proteostasis network associated with their biological function and intrinsic characteristics. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that enhanced proteostasis mechanisms play a central role in immortality and cell fate decisions of pluripotent stem cells. Here, we will review new insights into the melding fields of proteostasis and pluripotency and their implications for the understanding of organismal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Noormohammadi
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Calculli
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ricardo Gutierrez-Garcia
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amirabbas Khodakarami
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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61
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Zhang C, Li P, Zhang S, Lei R, Li B, Wu X, Jiang C, Zhang X, Ma R, Yang L, Wang C, Zhang X, Xia T, Wang A. Oxidative stress-elicited autophagosome accumulation contributes to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death induced by PBDE-47. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:322-328. [PMID: 29096325 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, a ubiquitous persistent organic pollutant used as brominated flame retardants, is known to damage nervous system, however the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this study, we used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to explore the effects of PBDE-47 on autophagy and investigate the role of autophagy in PBDE-47-induced cell death. Results showed PBDE-47 could increase autophagic level (performation of cell ultrastructure with double membrane formation, MDC-positive cells raised, autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, Beclin1 and P62 increased) after cells exposed to PBDE-47. Then cells were exposed to PBDE-47 (1, 5, 10μmol/L) respectively for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24h, and the results showed that PBDE-47 increased the levels of LC3-II, Beclin1 and P62 in 5, 10μmol/L (9, 12, 18, 24h) PBDE-47 exposed groups. Furthermore, ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and 5μmol/L PBDE-47 treated for 9h and 24h were chosen for the follow-up research. Moreover, 3-MA significantly improved cell viability when cells exposed to 5 and 10μmol/L PBDE-47, indicating that PBDE-47-induced autophagic cell death. Importantly, NAC could decrease PBDE-47-induced LC3-II, Beclin1 and P62 expression. We concluded that autophagosome accumulation mediated by oxidative stress may contribute to SH-SY5Y cell death induced by PBDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Jianghan North Road 18-20, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Human ATG3 binding to lipid bilayers: role of lipid geometry, and electric charge. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15614. [PMID: 29142222 PMCID: PMC5688168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific protein-lipid interactions lead to a gradual recruitment of AuTophaGy-related (ATG) proteins to the nascent membrane during autophagosome (AP) formation. ATG3, a key protein in the movement of LC3 towards the isolation membrane, has been proposed to facilitate LC3/GABARAP lipidation in highly curved membranes. In this work we have performed a biophysical study of human ATG3 interaction with membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and anionic phospholipids. We have found that ATG3 interacts more strongly with negatively-charged phospholipid vesicles or nanotubes than with electrically neutral model membranes, cone-shaped anionic phospholipids (cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid) being particularly active in promoting binding. Moreover, an increase in membrane curvature facilitates ATG3 recruitment to membranes although addition of anionic lipid molecules makes the curvature factor relatively less important. The predicted N-terminus amphipathic α-helix of ATG3 would be responsible for membrane curvature detection, the positive residues Lys 9 and 11 being essential in the recognition of phospholipid negative moieties. We have also observed membrane aggregation induced by ATG3 in vitro, which could point to a more complex function of this protein in AP biogenesis. Moreover, in vitro GABARAP lipidation assays suggest that ATG3-membrane interaction could facilitate the lipidation of ATG8 homologues.
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Chi D, Zeng Y, Xu M, Si L, Qu X, Liu H, Li J. LC3-Dependent Autophagy in Pig 2-Cell Cloned Embryos Could Influence the Degradation of Maternal mRNA and the Regulation of Epigenetic Modification. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:354-362. [PMID: 29058487 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the distribution as well as the effect of autophagy on reprogramming in pig cloned embryos were observed immediately after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Results showed that the LC3 was at the highest level in cloned embryos at 2-cell stage, and it decreased with the development from 2-cell stage to blastocyst. Different to cloned embryos, the intensity of LC3 in parthenogenetic activation (PA) embryos was at the highest level at 4-cell stage. A markedly higher level of Bmp15, H1foo, and Dppa3 was shown in cloned embryos at 2-cell stage (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), but a significantly lower level of LC3, Sox2, and eIF1A was observed at 4-cell stage (p < 0.05), compared with PA embryos. When the efficient interfering by the LC3 siRNA was performed on the cloned embryos (p < 0.01), not only the mRNA level of maternal Cyclin B, Bmp15, Gdf9, c-mos, H1foo, and Dppa3 was increased significantly (p < 0.05), but also the expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b was obviously upregulated (p < 0.05). Although the expression of Sox2 and Oct4 is not changed, the expression of Stat3 decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore with the treatment of 200 nM rapamycin, the expression of eIF1A and Stat3 was significantly increased at 4-cell stage. In conclusion, the LC3-dependent autophagy mainly occurred in cloned embryos at 2-cell stage, but at 4-cell stage in PA embryos. In addition, the modulation of autophagy could affect genome activation by influencing the degradation of maternal mRNA and regulating the expression of DNA methyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Chi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Linan Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing Weigang No. 1, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Qin H, Zhao A, Fu X. Small molecules for reprogramming and transdifferentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3553-3575. [PMID: 28698932 PMCID: PMC11107793 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotency reprogramming and transdifferentiation induced by transcription factors can generate induced pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells or specialized cells. However, the induction efficiency and the reintroduction of exogenous genes limit their translation into clinical applications. Small molecules that target signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, or metabolic processes can regulate cell development, cell fate, and function. In the recent decade, small molecules have been widely used in reprogramming and transdifferentiation fields, which can promote the induction efficiency, replace exogenous genes, or even induce cell fate conversion alone. Small molecules are expected as novel approaches to generate new cells from somatic cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will discuss the recent progress, new insights, and future challenges about the use of small molecules in cell fate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA, The First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General Hospital, 51 Fu Cheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Lenart J, Zieminska E, Diamandakis D, Lazarewicz JW. Altered expression of genes involved in programmed cell death in primary cultured rat cerebellar granule cells acutely challenged with tetrabromobisphenol A. Neurotoxicology 2017; 63:126-136. [PMID: 28970181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and the RT2 Profiler PCR array were used to examine the effect of acutely applied brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on the expression of 84 genes related to the main modes of programmed cell death. CGC, at the 7th day of culture, were exposed to 10 or 25μM TBBPA for 30min. Then, 3, 6, and 24h later, the viability of the cells was examined by the staining with propidium iodide (PI) or using the calcein/ethidium homodimer (CA/ET) live/dead kit, and RNA was extracted for the evaluation of gene expression by RT-PCR. At 3, 6 and 24h after the treatment, the number of viable neurons decreased, according to the PI staining method, to 75%, 58% and 41%, respectively, and with the CA/ET method to 65%, 58% and 28%, respectively. In CGC analyzed 3h after the treatment with 25μM TBBPA or 6h after 10μM TBBPA, the only change in the gene expression was a reduction in the expression of Tnf, which is associated with autophagy and may activate some pro-apoptotic proteins. Six hours after 25μM TBBPA, only 2 genes were over-expressed, a pro-apoptotic Tnfrsf10b and Irgm, which is related to autophagy, and the genes that were suppressed included the anti-apoptotic gene Xiap, the necrosis-related Commd4, pro-apoptotic Abl1, 5 genes involved in autophagy (App, Atg3, Mapk8, Pten, and Snca) and 2 genes that participate in two metabolic pathways: Atp6v1g2 (pro-apoptotic and necrosis) and Tnf (pro-apoptotic, autophagy). Autophagy-related Snca and Tnf remained under-expressed 24h after treatment with 25μM TBBPA, which was accompanied by the over-expression of the pro-apoptotic Casp6, the anti-apoptotic Birc3, 2 genes related to autophagy (Htt and Irgm) and 2 genes (Fas and Tp53) that are involved in both apoptosis (pro-apoptotic) and autophagy. These results show a complex pattern of TBBPA-evoked changes in the expression of the genes involved in the programmed neuronal death, indicating no induction of programmed necrosis, an early suppression of the autophagy and anti-apoptotic genes, followed by a delayed activation of genes associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Lenart
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Zieminska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Diamandakis
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy W Lazarewicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Xiang G, Yang L, Long Q, Chen K, Tang H, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Qi J, Zheng L, Liu W, Ying Z, Fan W, Shi H, Li H, Lin X, Gao M, Liu J, Bao F, Li L, Duan L, Li M, Liu X. BNIP3L-dependent mitophagy accounts for mitochondrial clearance during 3 factors-induced somatic cell reprogramming. Autophagy 2017; 13:1543-1555. [PMID: 28722510 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1338545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have fewer and immature mitochondria than somatic cells and mainly rely on glycolysis for energy source. During somatic cell reprogramming, somatic mitochondria and other organelles get remodeled. However, events of organelle remodeling and interaction during somatic cell reprogramming have not been extensively explored. We show that both SKP/SKO (Sox2, Klf4, Pou5f1/Oct4) and SKPM/SKOM (SKP/SKO plus Myc/c-Myc) reprogramming lead to decreased mitochondrial mass but with different kinetics and by divergent pathways. Rapid, MYC/c-MYC-induced cell proliferation may function as the main driver of mitochondrial decrease in SKPM/SKOM reprogramming. In SKP/SKO reprogramming, however, mitochondrial mass initially increases and subsequently decreases via mitophagy. This mitophagy is dependent on the mitochondrial outer membrane receptor BNIP3L/NIX but not on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) dissipation, and this SKP/SKO-induced mitophagy functions in an important role during the reprogramming process. Furthermore, endosome-related RAB5 is involved in mitophagosome formation in SKP/SKO reprogramming. These results reveal a novel role of mitophagy in reprogramming that entails the interaction between mitochondria, macroautophagy/autophagy and endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Xiang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang Yang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qi Long
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Keshi Chen
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haite Tang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yi Wu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zihuang Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Juntao Qi
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lingjun Zheng
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Institute of Health Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhongfu Ying
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weimin Fan
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China.,c Institute of Health Sciences , Anhui University , Hefei , China
| | - Hongmei Li
- d School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Mi Gao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinglei Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feixiang Bao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Linpeng Li
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lifan Duan
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Min Li
- e School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China ; Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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High autophagic flux guards ESC identity through coordinating autophagy machinery gene program by FOXO1. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622295 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about transcriptional networks that control embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and differentiation, the metabolic regulation of ESC is less clear. Autophagy is a catabolic process that is activated under both stress and normal conditions to degrade damaged organelles and aggregated proteins, and thus plays pivotal roles in somatic and adult stem cell function. However, if and how ESCs harness autophagy to regulate stemness remains largely unknown. Recently, we have defined that autophagy is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis regulation in pluripotency acquirement and maintenance. Here we identified high autophagic flux as an essential mechanism to maintain ESC identity. We show that mouse ESCs exhibit a high autophagic flux that is maintained by coordinating expression of autophagy core molecular machinery genes through FOXO1, a forkhead family transcription factor. Tapering autophagic flux by manipulating either Atg3 or Foxo1 expression compromised ESC self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation that could be restored by gain of wild-type but not function-deficient Atg3 or Foxo1 mutants, respectively. Our results define a newly recognized role of autophagic flux in mouse ESC identity maintenance that links cellular catabolism to ESC fate regulation.
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Li MX, Qu Y, Mu DZ. [Role of mitophagy in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:242-249. [PMID: 28202127 PMCID: PMC7389474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mitophagy in an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and its role in HIBD. METHODS A total of 120 neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were divided into three groups: sham-operation, HIBD, and autophagy inhibitor intervention (3MA group). The rats in the HIBD group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation and then put in a hypoxic chamber (8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen) for 2.5 hours. Those in the 3MA group were given ligation and hypoxic treatment at 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 2 μL 3MA. Those in the sham-operation group were not given ligation or hypoxic treatment. Single cell suspension was obtained from all groups after model establishment. Immunofluorescence localization was performed for mitochondria labeled with MitoTracker, autophagosomes labeled with LysoTracker, and autophagy labeled with LC3 to observe mitophagy. After staining with the fluorescent probe JC-1, flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. TTC staining was used to measure infarct volume. Cytoplasmic proteins in cortical neurons were extracted, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of mitophagy-related proteins. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operation group, the HIBD group had a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), a significant increase in mitophagy (P<0.05), a significant increase in the expression of the proteins associated with the division of the mitochondrial Drp1 and Fis1 (P<0.05), and a significant reduction in the expression of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Tom20 and the mitochondrial inner membrane protein Tim23 (P<0.05). Compared with the HIBD group, the 3MA group had a significantly greater reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), but showed significantly reduced mitophagy (P<0.05). In addition, the 3MA group had a significantly increased degree of cerebral infarction compared with the HIBD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIBD can increase the degree of mitophagy, and the inhibition of mitophagy can aggravate HIBD in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li MX, Qu Y, Mu DZ. [Role of mitophagy in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:242-249. [PMID: 28202127 PMCID: PMC7389474 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mitophagy in an animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and its role in HIBD. METHODS A total of 120 neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were divided into three groups: sham-operation, HIBD, and autophagy inhibitor intervention (3MA group). The rats in the HIBD group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation and then put in a hypoxic chamber (8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen) for 2.5 hours. Those in the 3MA group were given ligation and hypoxic treatment at 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 2 μL 3MA. Those in the sham-operation group were not given ligation or hypoxic treatment. Single cell suspension was obtained from all groups after model establishment. Immunofluorescence localization was performed for mitochondria labeled with MitoTracker, autophagosomes labeled with LysoTracker, and autophagy labeled with LC3 to observe mitophagy. After staining with the fluorescent probe JC-1, flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. TTC staining was used to measure infarct volume. Cytoplasmic proteins in cortical neurons were extracted, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of mitophagy-related proteins. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operation group, the HIBD group had a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), a significant increase in mitophagy (P<0.05), a significant increase in the expression of the proteins associated with the division of the mitochondrial Drp1 and Fis1 (P<0.05), and a significant reduction in the expression of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Tom20 and the mitochondrial inner membrane protein Tim23 (P<0.05). Compared with the HIBD group, the 3MA group had a significantly greater reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), but showed significantly reduced mitophagy (P<0.05). In addition, the 3MA group had a significantly increased degree of cerebral infarction compared with the HIBD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIBD can increase the degree of mitophagy, and the inhibition of mitophagy can aggravate HIBD in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li Y, Guo M, Lin Z, Zhao M, Xiao M, Wang C, Xu T, Chen T, Zhu B. Polyethylenimine-functionalized silver nanoparticle-based co-delivery of paclitaxel to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6693-6702. [PMID: 27994465 PMCID: PMC5154725 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. Recently, a novel emerging nanosystem as anticancer therapeutic agents with intrinsic therapeutic properties has been widely used in various medical applications. In this study, surface decoration of functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by polyethylenimine (PEI) and paclitaxel (PTX) was synthesized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ag@ PEI@PTX on cytotoxic and anticancer mechanism on HepG2 cells. The transmission electron microscope image and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that Ag@PEI@PTX had satisfactory size distribution and high stability and selectivity between cancer and normal cells. Ag@PEI@PTX-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis was confirmed by accumulation of the sub-G1 cells population, translocation of phosphatidylserine, depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, Ag@PEI@PTX enhanced cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells and triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species; the signaling pathways of AKT, p53, and MAPK were activated to advance cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the results reveal that Ag@ PEI@PTX may provide useful information on Ag@PEI@PTX-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and as appropriate candidate for chemotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Min Guo
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zhengfang Lin
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Misi Xiao
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Changbing Wang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
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