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Chen D, Lou Y, Lu J, Fan X, Zhu Q, Sun H. Characterization of the Clinical Significance and Immunological Landscapes of a Novel TMEMs Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Contribution of TMEM201 to Hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10285. [PMID: 37373430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant transmembrane protein (TMEM) expression is implicated in tumor progression, but its functional role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Thus, we aim to characterize the functional contributions of TMEM in HCC. In this study, four novel TMEM-family genes (TMEMs), TMEM106C, TMEM201, TMEM164, and TMEM45A, were screened to create a TMEMs signature. These candidate genes are distinguished between patients with varying survival statuses. High-risk HCC patients had a significantly worse prognosis and more advanced clinicopathological characteristics in both the training and validation groups. The GO and KEGG analyses unveiled that the TMEMs signature might play a crucial role in cell-cycle-relevant and immune-related pathways. We found that the high-risk patients had lower stromal scores and a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with massive infiltration of macrophages and Treg cells, whereas the low-risk group had higher stromal scores and gamma delta T-cell infiltration. Moreover, the expression level of suppressive immune checkpoints increased as the TMEM-signature scores increased. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments validated TMEM201, one feature of the TMEMs signature, and facilitated HCC proliferation, survival, and migration. The TMEMs signature provided a more precise prognostic evaluation of HCC and reflected the immunological status of HCC. Of the TMEMs signature studied, TMEM201 was found to significantly promote HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yichao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xuhui Fan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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52
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. The ACSL4 Network Regulates Cell Death and Autophagy in Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:864. [PMID: 37372148 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, cell death, and autophagy are interconnected processes in cells. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to cell death, such as via ferroptosis and apoptosis, while lipids also play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagosome formation. An increased autophagic response not only promotes cell survival but also causes cell death depending on the context, especially when selectively degrading antioxidant proteins or organelles that promote ferroptosis. ACSL4 is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of long-chain acyl-CoA molecules, which are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of various types of lipids. ACSL4 is found in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain, liver, and adipose tissue. Dysregulation of ACSL4 is linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, and metabolic disorders (such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). In this review, we introduce the structure, function, and regulation of ACSL4; discuss its role in apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy; summarize its pathological function; and explore the potential implications of targeting ACSL4 in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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53
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Lv X, Tang W, Qin J, Wang W, Dong J, Wei Y. The crosslinks between ferroptosis and autophagy in asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140791. [PMID: 37063888 PMCID: PMC10090423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process capable of degrading various biological molecules and organelles via the lysosomal pathway. Ferroptosis is a type of oxidative stress-dependent regulated cell death associated with the iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The crosslinks between ferroptosis and autophagy have been focused on since the dependence of ferroptosis on autophagy was discovered. Although the research and theories on the relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis remain scattered and fragmented, the crosslinks between these two forms of regulated cell death are closely related to the treatment of various diseases. Thereof, asthma as a chronic inflammatory disease has a tight connection with the occurrence of ferroptosis and autophagy since the crosslinked signal pathways may be the crucial regulators or exactly regulated by cells and secretion in the immune system. In addition, non-immune cells associated with asthma are also closely related to autophagy and ferroptosis. Further studies of cross-linking asthma inflammation with crosslinked signaling pathways may provide us with several key molecules that regulate asthma through specific regulators. The crosslinks between autophagy and ferroptosis provide us with a new perspective to interpret and understand the manifestations of asthma, potential drug discovery targets, and new therapeutic options to effectively intervene in the imbalance caused by abnormal inflammation in asthma. Herein, we introduce the main molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, autophagy, and asthma, describe the role of crosslinks between ferroptosis and autophagy in asthma based on their common regulatory cells or molecules, and discuss potential drug discovery targets and therapeutic applications in the context of immunomodulatory and symptom alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wei, ; Jingcheng Dong,
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wei, ; Jingcheng Dong,
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Hashemi M, Paskeh MDA, Orouei S, Abbasi P, Khorrami R, Dehghanpour A, Esmaeili N, Ghahremanzade A, Zandieh MA, Peymani M, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K. Towards dual function of autophagy in breast cancer: A potent regulator of tumor progression and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114546. [PMID: 36958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females and its treatment has been based on employment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The changes in biological behavior of breast tumor relies on genomic and epigenetic mutations and depletions as well as dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Autophagy function can be oncogenic in increasing tumorigenesis, and when it has pro-death function, it causes reduction in viability of tumor cells. The carcinogenic function of autophagy in breast tumor is an impediment towards effective therapy of patients, as it can cause drug resistance and radio-resistance. The important hallmarks of breast tumor such as glucose metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis can be regulated by autophagy. Oncogenic autophagy can inhibit apoptosis, while it promotes stemness of breast tumor. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interaction with tumor microenvironment components such as macrophages and its level can be regulated by anti-tumor compounds in breast tumor therapy. The reasons of considering autophagy in breast cancer therapy is its pleiotropic function, dual role (pro-survival and pro-death) and crosstalk with important molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis. Moreover, current review provides a pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of autophagy in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Abbasi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esmaeili
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ghahremanzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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55
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Xie Y, Hou T, Liu J, Zhang H, Liu X, Kang R, Tang D. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis as a potential treatment for glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1091118. [PMID: 36845736 PMCID: PMC9954622 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor 5-year survival rate. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation system that plays a dual role in GBM pathogenesis and therapy. On one hand, stress can lead to unlimited autophagy to promote GBM cell death. On the other hand, elevated autophagy promotes the survival of glioblastoma stem cells against chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Ferroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-mediated regulated necrosis that initially differs from autophagy and other types of cell death in terms of cell morphology, biochemical characteristics, and the gene regulators involved. However, recent studies have challenged this view and demonstrated that the occurrence of ferroptosis is dependent on autophagy, and that many regulators of ferroptosis are involved in the control of autophagy machinery. Functionally, autophagy-dependent ferroptosis plays a unique role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic sensitivity. This mini-review will focus on the mechanisms and principles of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and its emerging implications in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyou Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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56
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Xue Q, Yan D, Chen X, Li X, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Kroemer G, Chen X, Tang D, Liu J. Copper-dependent autophagic degradation of GPX4 drives ferroptosis. Autophagy 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36622894 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2165323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by unrestricted lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Although GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) plays a master role in blocking ferroptosis by eliminating phospholipid hydroperoxides, the regulation of GPX4 remains poorly understood. Here, we report an unexpected role for copper in promoting ferroptotic cell death, but not cuproptosis, by inducing macroautophagic/autophagic degradation of GPX4. Copper chelators reduce ferroptosis sensitivity but do not inhibit other types of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and alkaliptosis. Conversely, exogenous copper increases GPX4 ubiquitination and the formation of GPX4 aggregates by directly binding to GPX4 protein cysteines C107 and C148. TAX1BP1 (Tax1 binding protein 1) then acts as an autophagic receptor for GPX4 degradation and subsequent ferroptosis in response to copper stress. Consequently, copper enhances ferroptosis-mediated tumor suppression in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer tumor, whereas copper chelators attenuate experimental acute pancreatitis associated with ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the link between metal stress and autophagy-dependent cell death.Abbreviations: CALCOCO2, calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; MAP1LC3A/B, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha/beta; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NCOA4, nuclear receptor coactivator 4; OPTN, optineurin; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; RIPK1, receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SLC40A1, solute carrier family 40 member 1; SQSTM1, sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1, Tax1 binding protein 1; TEPA, tetraethylenepentamine; TM, tetrathiomolybdate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Yan
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Xin Chen
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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57
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Han P, Mo S, Wang Z, Xu J, Fu X, Tian Y. UXT at the crossroads of cell death, immunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1179947. [PMID: 37152054 PMCID: PMC10154696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1179947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous expressed transcript (UXT), a member of the prefoldin-like protein family, modulates regulated cell death (RCD) such as apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), P53, P62, and methylation, and is involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, thereby affecting tumor progression. UXT also maintains immune homeostasis and reduces proteotoxicity in neuro-degenerative diseases through selective autophagy and molecular chaperones. Herein, we review and further elucidate the mechanisms by which UXT affects the regulation of cell death, maintenance of immune homeostasis, and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the possible UXT involvement in the regulation of ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death, and targeting it to improve cancer treatment outcomes by regulating cell death and immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhe Han
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaojian Mo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhengwang Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanzhang Tian
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhang Tian,
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58
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Yu C, Kang R, Tang D. Organoids Models of Pancreatic Duct Adenocarcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2712:45-60. [PMID: 37578695 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3433-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture is a laboratory technique used to grow and study miniature organs that mimic the structure and function of real organs in the human body. Organoids are created from stem cells or tissue samples and are grown in a 3D matrix that allows them to self-organize into a complex, three-dimensional structure. Organoids are valuable tools for studying human biology and disease, including cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still has the worst survival rate of common malignancies, despite recent advances in cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown that impaired cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and alkaliptosis, promote PDAC development. Organoid models are now widely used in the study of pancreatic cancer biology, including cell death machinery. This chapter provides step-by-step protocols for generating human or mice PDAC organoids in a 3D Matrigel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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59
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Wang J, Li J. In-Cell Western Assay in Ferroptosis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2712:157-163. [PMID: 37578704 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3433-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death caused by the excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It has been implicated in various pathological processes and diseases, and its modulation involves multiple proteins associated with iron and lipid metabolism. To better understand these mechanisms and monitor the ferroptosis process, there is a need for reliable and high-throughput methods to evaluate variations in protein expression levels. In-Cell Western assays provide a simple and rapid assay method for detecting biomarkers and signaling proteins in whole cells using antibodies. This assay involves seeding cells in microtiter plates, followed by fixation/permeabilization and subsequent labeling with primary antibodies and infrared-conjugated secondary antibodies. In this chapter, we introduce the protocol for the In-Cell Western assay for detecting intracellular proteins during ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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60
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Chen F, Kang R, Tang D, Liu J. Monitoring Lysosome Function in Ferroptosis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2712:91-102. [PMID: 37578699 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3433-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that occurs due to iron-induced membrane lipid peroxidation. Lysosomes, which are acidic, membrane-bound organelles containing various hydrolases, play a vital role in ferroptosis. They not only aid in the degradation of autophagic substrates, but also serve as signaling hubs in cell death. Specifically, lysosomes are involved in the induction and execution of ferroptosis through autophagy-mediated degradation of anti-ferroptotic proteins, lysosomal membrane permeability-mediated release of cathepsins, and iron-induced lysosomal membrane lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable methods for monitoring lysosomal functions, including lysosomal activity, pH, and membrane integrity, as well as iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, to understand ferroptosis. This chapter introduces several protocols, such as western blotting, immunofluorescence, lysosomal probes, and lipid peroxidation assay kits, for monitoring the process of lysosome-related ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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61
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Zhou Z, Song X, Kang R, Tang D. The Emerging Role of Deubiquitinases in Cell Death. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1825. [PMID: 36551253 PMCID: PMC9775562 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a signal-controlled process that not only eliminates infected, damaged, or aged cells but is also implicated in a variety of pathological conditions. The process of RCD is regulated by intracellular proteins that undergo varying levels of post-translational modifications, including mono- or polyubiquitination. Functionally, ubiquitination can affect protein abundance, localization, and activity. Like other post-translational modifications, ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversible process mediated by deubiquitinases, a large class of proteases that cleave ubiquitin from proteins and other substrates. The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination machinery determines cell fate under stressful conditions. Here, we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of deubiquitinases in regulating the main types of RCD, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. This knowledge may contribute to identifying new protein degradation-related prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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