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Abstract
Rapid development of nanotechnology is expected to transform many areas of food science and food industry with increasing investment and market share. In this article, current applications of nanotechnology in food systems are briefly reviewed. Functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnology are highlighted in order to provide a comprehensive view on the development and safety assessment of nanotechnology in the food industry. While food nanotechnology offers great potential benefits, there are emerging concerns arising from its novel physicochemical properties. Therefore, the safety concerns and regulatory policies on its manufacturing, processing, packaging, and consumption are briefly addressed. At the end of this article, the perspectives of nanotechnology in active and intelligent packaging applications are highlighted.
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Vera P, Echegoyen Y, Canellas E, Nerín C, Palomo M, Madrid Y, Cámara C. Nano selenium as antioxidant agent in a multilayer food packaging material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6659-70. [PMID: 27497969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were incorporated in a flexible multilayer plastic material using a water-base adhesive as vehicle for SeNPs. The antioxidant performance of the original solutions containing spherical SeNPs of 50-60 nm diameter, the adhesive containing these SeNPs, and the final multilayer plastic material to be used as food packaging were quantitatively measured. The radical scavenging capacity due to SeNPs was quantified by a free radical assay developed in the laboratory and by the diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. DPPH was not efficient to measure the scavenging capacity in the multilayer when the free radical scavenger is not in the surface in contact with it. Several multilayer laminated structures composed by [PET (20 m)-adhesive-LDPE (with variable thickness from 35 to 90 μm)] were prepared and measured, demonstrating for the first time that free radicals derived from oxygen (OH·, O2·, and O2H) cross the PE layer and arrive at the adhesive. SeNPs remain as such after manufacture and the final laminate is stable after 3 months of storage. The antioxidant multilayer is a non-migrating efficient free radical scavenger, able to protect the packaged product versus oxidation and extending the shelf life without being in direct contact with the product. Migration tests of both Se and SeNPs to simulants and hazelnuts demonstrated the non-migrating performance of this new active packaging. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vera
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Echegoyen
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Canellas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Samtack Adhesivos Industriales, C/ Cerámica, n°3, Pol. Ind. Magarola Sud, 08292, Esparreguera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Analytical Chemistry Department, GUIA Group, I3A, CPS, University of Zaragoza, Maria de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Palomo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University Complutense of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University Complutense of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cámara
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University Complutense of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Pillai KV, Gray PJ, Tien CC, Bleher R, Sung LP, Duncan TV. Environmental release of core-shell semiconductor nanocrystals from free-standing polymer nanocomposite films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2016; 3:657-669. [PMID: 27529026 PMCID: PMC4981923 DOI: 10.1039/c6en00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant with the development of polymer nanocomposite (PNC) technologies across numerous industries is an expanding awareness of the uncertainty with which engineered nanoparticles embedded within these materials may be released into the external environment, particularly liquid media. Recently there has been an interest in evaluating potential exposure to nanoscale fillers from PNCs, but existing studies often rely upon uncharacterized, poor quality, or proprietary materials, creating a barrier to making general mechanistic conclusions about release phenomena. In this study we employed semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots, QDs) as model nanofillers to quantify potential release into liquid media under specific environmental conditions. QDs of two sizes were incorporated into low-density polyethylene by melt compounding and the mixtures were extruded as free-standing fluorescent films. These films were subjected to tests under conditions intended to accelerate potential release of embedded particles or dissolved residuals into liquid environments. Using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy, it was found that the acidity of the external medium, exposure time, and small differences in particle size (on the order of a few nm) all play pivotal roles in release kinetics. Particle dissolution was found to play a major if not dominant role in the release process. This paper also presents the first evidence that internally embedded nanoparticles contribute to the mass transfer, an observation made possible via the use of a model system that was deliberately designed to probe the complex relationships between nanoparticle-enabled plastics and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik V. Pillai
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501, USA
| | - Patrick J. Gray
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Tien
- Polymeric Materials Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Li-Piin Sung
- Polymeric Materials Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Timothy V. Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, IL, 60501, USA
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Nazir MS, Mohamad Kassim MH, Mohapatra L, Gilani MA, Raza MR, Majeed K. Characteristic Properties of Nanoclays and Characterization of Nanoparticulates and Nanocomposites. NANOCLAY REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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