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Tong H, Wei H, Smith AO, Huang J. The Role of m6A Epigenetic Modification in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802049. [PMID: 35069586 PMCID: PMC8771774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, one of the efficient therapies in cancers, has been called to the scientific community's increasing attention lately. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing entirely new modalities to treat cancer by leveraging the patient's immune system. They are first-line treatments for varieties of advanced malignancy, such as melanoma, gastrointestinal tumor, esophageal cancer. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment has been successful in different cancers, drug resistance and relapses are common, such as in colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer patients who do not respond or lowly response to current treatments. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as a critical regulator of transcript expression, is the most frequently internal modification of mRNA in the human body. Recently, it has been proposed that m6A epigenetic modification is a potential driver of tumor drug resistance. In this report, we will briefly outline the relevant mechanisms, general treatment status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer, how m6A epigenetic modifications regulate the response of ICIs in CRC and provide new strategies for overcoming the resistance of ICIs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tong
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China & Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China & Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - He Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Alhaji Osman Smith
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China & Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China & Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Miao YQ, Chen W, Zhou J, Shen Q, Sun Y, Li T, Wang SC. N(6)-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 promotes glioma tumorigenesis by repressing argininosuccinate synthase 1 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1858-1871. [PMID: 35012429 PMCID: PMC8805915 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2018386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the leading causes of tumor-related deaths worldwide, but its potential mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the biological role and potential mechanism of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) in glioma. The relative expression levels of ASS1 in glioma specimens and cell lines were calculated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The biological functions of ASS1 were demonstrated using the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, transwell assay, and in vivo experiments. In addition, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of ASS1 in glioma. ASS1 expression levels were found to be downregulated in glioma specimens and cell lines. Functionally, we confirmed that ASS1 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and growth both. Furthermore, we found that ASS1 was a target of N(6)-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Overexpression of METTL14 markedly elevated ASS1 mRNA m6A modification and suppressed ASS1 mRNA expression. We also revealed that METTL14-mediated ASS1 mRNA degradation relied on the YTH m6A RNA-binding protein 2 (YTHDF2)-dependent pathway. We confirmed that decreased ASS1 expression promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma, and that the METTL14/ASS1/YTHDF2 regulatory axis may be an effective therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Qing Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Chan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Guo L, Yang H, Zhou C, Shi Y, Huang L, Zhang J. N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Novel Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:773570. [PMID: 34956201 PMCID: PMC8696183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most common modifications of RNA in eukaryotic cells, and is mainly regulated by m6A methyltransferases (writers), m6A demethylases (erasers), and m6A binding proteins (readers). Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that m6A methylation plays crucial roles in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, greatly impacting the initiation, progression, and metastasis processes of various cancers. In this review we first briefly summarizes the m6A-related concepts and detection methods, and then describes in detail the associations of m6A methylation modification with various tumor immune components especially immune cells (e.g., regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in a variety of cancers. We discuss the relationship between m6A methylation and cancer occurrence and development with the involvement of tumor immunity highlighted, suggesting novel markers and potential targets for molecular pathological diagnosis and immunotherapy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Guo
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen C, Guo Y, Guo Y, Wu X, Si C, Xu Y, Kang Q, Sun Z. m6A Modification in Non-Coding RNA: The Role in Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746789. [PMID: 34745970 PMCID: PMC8564146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance has always been a major difficulty in cancer therapy. In the face of drug pressure, resistant cancer cells show complex molecular mechanisms including epigenetic changes to maintain survival. Studies prove that cancer cells exhibit abnormal m6A modification after acquiring drug resistance. m6A modification in the target RNA including non-coding RNA can be a controller to determine the fate and metabolism of RNA by regulating their stability, subcellular localization, or translation. In particular, m6A-modified non-coding RNA plays multiple roles in multiple drug-resistant cancer cells, which can be a target for cancer drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of the complex regulatory mechanisms of m6A-modified non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance, and we discuss its potential value and challenges in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Si
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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