51
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Jayasena T, Poljak A, Braidy N, Smythe G, Raftery M, Hill M, Brodaty H, Trollor J, Kochan N, Sachdev P. Upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased cytotoxicity in glial cells treated with Alzheimer's disease plasma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116092. [PMID: 25785936 PMCID: PMC4364672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Markers of increased protein, lipid and nucleic acid oxidation and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes have been reported in AD plasma. Amyloid plaques in the AD brain elicit a range of reactive inflammatory responses including complement activation and acute phase reactions, which may also be reflected in plasma. Previous studies have shown that human AD plasma may be cytotoxic to cultured cells. We investigated the effect of pooled plasma (n = 20 each) from healthy controls, individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cultured microglial cells. AD plasma and was found to significantly decrease cell viability and increase glycolytic flux in microglia compared to plasma from healthy controls. This effect was prevented by the heat inactivation of complement. Proteomic methods and isobaric tags (iTRAQ) found the expression level of complement and other acute phase proteins to be altered in MCI and AD plasma and an upregulation of key enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway in cells exposed to AD plasma. Altered expression levels of acute phase reactants in AD plasma may alter the energy metabolism of glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharusha Jayasena
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Smythe
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Hill
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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52
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Sabino D, Gogendeau D, Gambarotto D, Nano M, Pennetier C, Dingli F, Arras G, Loew D, Basto R. Moesin is a major regulator of centrosome behavior in epithelial cells with extra centrosomes. Curr Biol 2015; 25:879-89. [PMID: 25772448 PMCID: PMC4386030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification has severe consequences during development and is thought to contribute to a variety of diseases such as cancer and microcephaly. However, the adverse effects of centrosome amplification in epithelia are still not known. Here, we investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium. We found that epithelial cells exhibit mechanisms of clustering but also inactivation of extra centrosomes. Importantly, these mechanisms are not fully efficient, and both aneuploidy and cell death can be detected. Epithelial cells with extra centrosomes generate tumors when transplanted into WT hosts and inhibition of cell death results in tissue over-growth and disorganization. Using SILAC-fly, we found that Moesin, a FERM domain protein, is specifically upregulated in wing discs with extra centrosomes. Moesin localizes to the centrosomes and mitotic spindle during mitosis, and we show that Moesin upregulation influences extra-centrosome behavior and robust bipolar spindle formation. This study provides a mechanistic explanation for the increased aneuploidy and transformation potential primed by centrosome amplification in epithelial tissues. Consequences of centrosome amplification in epithelia are discussed Centrosome clustering or inactivation is not fully efficient High levels of Moesin contribute to defects in bipolar spindle assembly Centrosome amplification generates aneuploidy and epithelial transformation
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Sabino
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, 12 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maddalena Nano
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, 12 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carole Pennetier
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, 12 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, CNRS, LSMP, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Arras
- Institut Curie, CNRS, LSMP, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, CNRS, LSMP, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, 12 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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53
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A proteomic approach reveals integrin activation state-dependent control of microtubule cortical targeting. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6135. [PMID: 25609142 PMCID: PMC4317495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin activation, which is regulated by allosteric changes in receptor conformation, enables cellular responses to the chemical, mechanical and topological features of the extracellular microenvironment. A global view of how activation state converts the molecular composition of the region proximal to integrins into functional readouts is, however, lacking. Here, using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies, we report the isolation of integrin activation state-dependent complexes and their characterization by mass spectrometry. Quantitative comparisons, integrating network, clustering, pathway and image analyses, define multiple functional protein modules enriched in a conformation-specific manner. Notably, active integrin complexes are specifically enriched for proteins associated with microtubule-based functions. Visualization of microtubules on micropatterned surfaces and live cell imaging demonstrate that active integrins establish an environment that stabilizes microtubules at the cell periphery. These data provide a resource for the interrogation of the global molecular connections that link integrin activation to adhesion signalling. Integrins are activated by many extracellular cues and respond by assembling diverse signalling complexes. Byron et al. use activation state-specific antibodies to proteomically characterize these complexes, and provide insight into integrin-dependent microtubule stabilization.
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54
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Lu H, Zhao Q, Jiang H, Zhu T, Xia P, Seffens W, Aikhionbare F, Wang D, Dou Z, Yao X. Characterization of ring-like F-actin structure as a mechanical partner for spindle positioning in mitosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102547. [PMID: 25299690 PMCID: PMC4191959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper spindle positioning and orientation are essential for accurate mitosis which requires dynamic interactions between microtubule and actin filament (F-actin). Although mounting evidence demonstrates the role of F-actin in cortical cytoskeleton dynamics, it remains elusive as to the structure and function of F-actin-based networks in spindle geometry. Here we showed a ring-like F-actin structure surrounding the mitotic spindle which forms since metaphase and maintains in MG132-arrested metaphase HeLa cells. This cytoplasmic F-actin structure is relatively isotropic and less dynamic. Our computational modeling of spindle position process suggests a possible mechanism by which the ring-like F-actin structure can regulate astral microtubule dynamics and thus mitotic spindle orientation. We further demonstrated that inhibiting Plk1, Mps1 or Myosin, and disruption of microtubules or F-actin polymerization perturbs the formation of the ring-like F-actin structure and alters spindle position and symmetric division. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized but important link between mitotic spindle and ring-like F-actin network in accurate mitosis and enables the development of a method to theoretically illustrate the relationship between mitotic spindle and cytoplasmic F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tongge Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peng Xia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - William Seffens
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Felix Aikhionbare
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
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55
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Elric J, Etienne-Manneville S. Centrosome positioning in polarized cells: common themes and variations. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:240-8. [PMID: 25218948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome position is tightly regulated during the cell cycle and during differentiated cellular functions. Because centrosome organizes the microtubule network to coordinate both intracellular organization and cell signaling, centrosome positioning is crucial to determine either the axis of cell division, the direction of cell migration or the polarized immune response of lymphocytes. Since alteration of centrosome positioning seems to promote cell transformation and tumor spreading, the molecular mechanisms controlling centrosome movement in response to extracellular and intracellular cues are under intense investigation. Evolutionary conserved pathways involving polarity proteins and cytoskeletal rearrangements are emerging as common regulators of centrosome positioning in a wide variety of cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Elric
- Institut Pasteur - CNRS URA 2582, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur - CNRS URA 2582, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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56
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Machicoane M, de Frutos CA, Fink J, Rocancourt M, Lombardi Y, Garel S, Piel M, Echard A. SLK-dependent activation of ERMs controls LGN-NuMA localization and spindle orientation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:791-9. [PMID: 24958772 PMCID: PMC4068135 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201401049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ERM activation by SLK kinase promotes polarized association at the mitotic cortex of LGN and NuMA, a necessary step in proper spindle orientation. Mitotic spindle orientation relies on a complex dialog between the spindle microtubules and the cell cortex, in which F-actin has been recently implicated. Here, we report that the membrane–actin linkers ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERMs) are strongly and directly activated by the Ste20-like kinase at mitotic entry in mammalian cells. Using microfabricated adhesive substrates to control the axis of cell division, we found that the activation of ERMs plays a key role in guiding the orientation of the mitotic spindle. Accordingly, impairing ERM activation in apical progenitors of the mouse embryonic neocortex severely disturbed spindle orientation in vivo. At the molecular level, ERM activation promotes the polarized association at the mitotic cortex of leucine-glycine-asparagine repeat protein (LGN) and nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein, two essential factors for spindle orientation. We propose that activated ERMs, together with Gαi, are critical for the correct localization of LGN–NuMA force generator complexes and hence for proper spindle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Machicoane
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA2582, 75015 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de formation doctorale, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Cristina A de Frutos
- Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1024, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Fink
- Systems Cell Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Murielle Rocancourt
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA2582, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yannis Lombardi
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA2582, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de L'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1024, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8197, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Systems Cell Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA2582, 75015 Paris, France
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57
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Laflamme G, Tremblay-Boudreault T, Roy MA, Andersen P, Bonneil É, Atchia K, Thibault P, D'Amours D, Kwok BH. Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins link microtubule stability to genome integrity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27418-31. [PMID: 25135640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.569608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins are key organizers of chromosome architecture and are essential for genome integrity. They act by binding to chromatin and connecting distinct parts of chromosomes together. Interestingly, their potential role in providing connections between chromatin and the mitotic spindle has not been explored. Here, we show that yeast SMC proteins bind directly to microtubules and can provide a functional link between microtubules and DNA. We mapped the microtubule-binding region of Smc5 and generated a mutant with impaired microtubule binding activity. This mutant is viable in yeast but exhibited a cold-specific conditional lethality associated with mitotic arrest, aberrant spindle structures, and chromosome segregation defects. In an in vitro reconstitution assay, this Smc5 mutant also showed a compromised ability to protect microtubules from cold-induced depolymerization. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SMC proteins can bind to and stabilize microtubules and that SMC-microtubule interactions are essential to establish a robust system to maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Laflamme
- From the Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, the Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Chromosome Structure, and
| | | | - Marc-André Roy
- the Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Chromosome Structure, and
| | | | - Éric Bonneil
- the Laboratory of Proteomics and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and
| | - Kaleem Atchia
- From the Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory
| | - Pierre Thibault
- the Laboratory of Proteomics and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and the Departments of Chemistry
| | - Damien D'Amours
- the Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Chromosome Structure, and Pathology and Cellular Biology, and
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- From the Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, Medicine, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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58
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Abstract
The cell cortex is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure that governs cell identity and behavior. The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin and moesin) are major architects of the cell cortex, and they link plasma membrane phospholipids and proteins to the underlying cortical actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies in several model systems have uncovered surprisingly dynamic and complex molecular activities of the ERM proteins and have provided new mechanistic insight into how they build and maintain cortical domains. Among many well-established and essential functions of ERM proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster will focus on the role of ERMs in organizing the cell cortex during cell division and apical morphogenesis. These examples highlight an emerging appreciation that the ERM proteins both locally alter the mechanical properties of the cell cortex, and control the spatial distribution and activity of key membrane complexes, establishing the ERM proteins as a nexus for the physical and functional organization of the cell cortex and making it clear that they are much more than scaffolds. This article is part of a Minifocus on Establishing polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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59
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Arora K, Talje L, Asenjo AB, Andersen P, Atchia K, Joshi M, Sosa H, Allingham JS, Kwok BH. KIF14 binds tightly to microtubules and adopts a rigor-like conformation. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2997-3015. [PMID: 24949858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic kinesin motor protein KIF14 is essential for cytokinesis during cell division and has been implicated in cerebral development and a variety of human cancers. Here we show that the mouse KIF14 motor domain binds tightly to microtubules and does not display typical nucleotide-dependent changes in this affinity. It also has robust ATPase activity but very slow motility. A crystal structure of the ADP-bound form of the KIF14 motor domain reveals a dramatically opened ATP-binding pocket, as if ready to exchange its bound ADP for Mg·ATP. In this state, the central β-sheet is twisted ~10° beyond the maximal amount observed in other kinesins. This configuration has only been seen in the nucleotide-free states of myosins-known as the "rigor-like" state. Fitting of this atomic model to electron density maps from cryo-electron microscopy indicates a distinct binding configuration of the motor domain to microtubules. We postulate that these properties of KIF14 are well suited for stabilizing midbody microtubules during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritica Arora
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada
| | - Lama Talje
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Ana B Asenjo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Parker Andersen
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Kaleem Atchia
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada
| | - Monika Joshi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada
| | - Hernando Sosa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Rm. 652, Kingston, ON K7L 3 N6, Canada.
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3 J7, Canada.
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60
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Beaty BT, Wang Y, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Sharma VP, Miskolci V, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Talin regulates moesin-NHE-1 recruitment to invadopodia and promotes mammary tumor metastasis. J Cell Biol 2014; 205:737-51. [PMID: 24891603 PMCID: PMC4050723 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions that degrade the extracellular matrix and are required for stromal invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. The role of the focal adhesion protein talin in regulating these structures is not known. Here, we demonstrate that talin is required for invadopodial matrix degradation and three-dimensional extracellular matrix invasion in metastatic breast cancer cells. The sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) is linked to the cytoskeleton by ezrin/radixin/moesin family proteins and is known to regulate invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation. We show that the talin C terminus binds directly to the moesin band 4.1 ERM (FERM) domain to recruit a moesin-NHE-1 complex to invadopodia. Silencing talin resulted in a decrease in cytosolic pH at invadopodia and blocked cofilin-dependent actin polymerization, leading to impaired invadopodium stability and matrix degradation. Furthermore, talin is required for mammary tumor cell motility, intravasation, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Thus, our findings provide a novel understanding of how intracellular pH is regulated and a molecular mechanism by which talin enhances tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Beaty
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
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Talje L, Ben El Kadhi K, Atchia K, Tremblay-Boudreault T, Carreno S, Kwok BH. DHTP is an allosteric inhibitor of the kinesin-13 family of microtubule depolymerases. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2315-20. [PMID: 24859087 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The kinesin-13 family of microtubule depolymerases is a major regulator of microtubule dynamics. RNA interference-induced knockdown studies have highlighted their importance in many cell division processes including spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Since microtubule turnovers and most mitotic events are relatively rapid (in minutes or seconds), developing tools that offer faster control over protein functions is therefore essential to more effectively interrogate kinesin-13 activities in living cells. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a selective allosteric kinesin-13 inhibitor, DHTP. Using high resolution microscopy, we show that DHTP is cell permeable and can modulate microtubule dynamics in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Talje
- Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Khaled Ben El Kadhi
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kaleem Atchia
- Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thierry Tremblay-Boudreault
- Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carreno
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Chemical Biology of Cell Division Laboratory, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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62
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Ruppersburg CC, Hartzell HC. The Ca2+-activated Cl- channel ANO1/TMEM16A regulates primary ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1793-807. [PMID: 24694595 PMCID: PMC4038505 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated Cl− channel ANO1/TMEM16A is located in the primary cilium, and blocking it pharmacologically or knocking it down with shRNA interferes with ciliogenesis. Before ciliogenesis, the channel is organized into a torus-shaped structure (the “nimbus”) enriched in proteins required for ciliogenesis. Many cells possess a single, nonmotile, primary cilium highly enriched in receptors and sensory transduction machinery that plays crucial roles in cellular morphogenesis. Although sensory transduction requires ion channels, relatively little is known about ion channels in the primary cilium (with the exception of TRPP2). Here we show that the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1/TMEM16A) is located in the primary cilium and that blocking its channel function pharmacologically or knocking it down with short hairpin RNA interferes with ciliogenesis. Before ciliogenesis, the channel becomes organized into a torus-shaped structure (“the nimbus”) enriched in proteins required for ciliogenesis, including the small GTPases Cdc42 and Arl13b and the exocyst complex component Sec6. The nimbus excludes F-actin and coincides with a ring of acetylated microtubules. The nimbus appears to form before, or independent of, apical docking of the mother centriole. Our data support a model in which the nimbus provides a scaffold for staging of ciliary components for assembly very early in ciliogenesis and chloride transport by ANO1/TMEM16A is required for the genesis or maintenance of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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63
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van Oostende Triplet C, Jaramillo Garcia M, Haji Bik H, Beaudet D, Piekny A. Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3699-710. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis occurs by the ingression of an actomyosin ring that separates the cell into two daughter cells. The mitotic spindle, comprised of astral and central spindle microtubules, couples contractile ring ingression with DNA segregation. Cues from the central spindle activate RhoA, the upstream regulator of the contractile ring. However, additional cues from the astral microtubules also reinforce the localization of active RhoA. Using human cells, we show that astral and central spindle microtubules independently control the localization of contractile proteins during cytokinesis. Astral microtubules restrict the accumulation and localization of contractile proteins during mitosis, while the central spindle forms a discrete ring by directing RhoA activation in the equatorial plane. Anillin stabilizes the contractile ring during cytokinesis. We show that human anillin interacts with astral microtubules, which is competed by its cortical recruitment by active RhoA. Anillin restricts the localization of myosin at the equatorial cortex, and NuMA (part of the microtubule-tethering complex that regulates spindle position) at the polar cortex. The sequestration of anillin by astral microtubules may alter the organization of cortical proteins to polarize cells for cytokinesis.
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64
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Preciado López M, Huber F, Grigoriev I, Steinmetz MO, Akhmanova A, Dogterom M, Koenderink GH. In vitro reconstitution of dynamic microtubules interacting with actin filament networks. Methods Enzymol 2014; 540:301-20. [PMID: 24630114 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397924-7.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between microtubules and actin filaments (F-actin) are essential for eukaryotic cell migration, polarization, growth, and division. Although the importance of these interactions has been long recognized, the inherent complexity of the cell interior hampers a detailed mechanistic study of how these two cytoskeletal systems influence each other. In this chapter, we show how in vitro reconstitution can be employed to study how actin filaments and dynamic microtubules affect each other's organization. While we focus here on the effect of steric interactions, these assays provide an ideal starting point to develop more complex studies through the addition of known F-actin-microtubule cross-linkers, or myosin II motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Huber
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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65
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Christensen IB, Gyldenholm T, Damkier HH, Praetorius J. Polarization of membrane associated proteins in the choroid plexus epithelium from normal and slc4a10 knockout mice. Front Physiol 2013; 4:344. [PMID: 24348423 PMCID: PMC3842056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) has served as a model-epithelium for cell polarization and transport studies and plays a crucial role for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. The normal luminal membrane expression of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, aquaporin-1 and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 in the choroid plexus is severely affected by deletion of the slc4a10 gene that encodes the bicarbonate transporting protein Ncbe/NBCn2. The causes for these deviations from normal epithelial polarization and redistribution following specific gene knockout are unknown, but may be significant for basic epithelial cell biology. Therefore, a more comprehensive analysis of cell polarization in the choroid plexus is warranted. We find that the cytoskeleton in the choroid plexus contains αI-, αII-, βI-, and βII-spectrin isoforms along with the anchoring protein ankyrin-3, most of which are mainly localized in the luminal membrane domain. Furthermore, we find α-adducin localized near the plasma membranes globally, but with only faint expression in the luminal membrane domain. In slc4a10 knockout mice, the abundance of β1 Na(+),K(+)-ATPase subunits in the luminal membrane is markedly reduced. Anion exchanger 2 abundance is increased in slc4a10 knockout and its anchor protein, α-adducin is almost exclusively found near the basolateral domain. The αI- and βI-spectrin abundances are also decreased in the slc4a10 knockout, where the basolateral domain expression of αI-spectrin is exchanged for a strictly luminal domain localization. E-cadherin expression is unchanged in the slc4a10 knockout, while small decreases in abundance are observed for its probable adaptor proteins, the catenins. Interestingly, the abundance of the tight junction protein claudin-2 is significantly reduced in the slc4a10 knockouts, which may critically affect paracellular transport in this epithelium. The observations allow the generation of new hypotheses on basic cell biological paradigms that can be tested experimentally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga B Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tua Gyldenholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helle H Damkier
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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66
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Akhshi TK, Wernike D, Piekny A. Microtubules and actin crosstalk in cell migration and division. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 71:1-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Wernike
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology; Concordia University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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