51
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Xu X, Wang J. Multi-omics analysis reveals focal adhesion characteristic associated tumor immune microenvironment in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1088091. [PMID: 36950136 PMCID: PMC10025302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1088091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most frequent malignant lesions of the digestive system in humans, with an insidious onset. At the time of diagnosis, most of them have developed to the middle and late stages, and cancer cells have metastasized, and the prognosis is poor. Treatment options for progressive COAD are limited, and despite the promise of immunotherapy, immunotherapy response rates are low. The assembly and disaggregation of focal adhesion are critical for the directional migration of tumor cells to different sites, and it is unclear whether focal adhesion-related genes are involved in the development and prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the role of focal adhesion genes in the occurrence and prognosis of COAD. We obtained datasets of COAD patients, including RNA-sequencing data and clinical information, from the TCGA and GEO databases (GSE17538 and GSE39582). Through CNMF clustering, two molecular subtypes with different expression patterns of focal adhesion genes were identified, and it was found that the molecular subtype with low expression of focal adhesion genes had better prognosis. Then the prediction signature was constructed by LASSO-Cox regression model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the 4-gene signature had a good prediction effect on COAD 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS. Gene function enrichment analysis showed that the high-risk group was mainly enriched in immune and adhesion-related signaling pathways, suggesting that focal adhesion genes may affect the development and prognosis of COAD by regulating the immune microenvironment and tumor metastasis. The interaction between focal adhesion genes and immunity during the occurrence of COAD may help improve the response rate of immunotherapy, which also provides new ideas for the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng First Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
- *Correspondence: Jingzhi Wang,
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52
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Regulating the Plasticity of Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416155. [PMID: 36555795 PMCID: PMC9788144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignancy that is becoming increasingly common in adolescents. OS stem cells (OSCs) form a dynamic subset of OS cells that are responsible for malignant progression and chemoradiotherapy resistance. The unique properties of OSCs, including self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and metastatic potential, 149 depend closely on their tumor microenvironment. In recent years, the likelihood of its dynamic plasticity has been extensively studied. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment appears to act as the main regulatory component of OS cell plasticity. For these reasons aforementioned, novel strategies for OS treatment focusing on modulating OS cell plasticity and the possibility of modulating the composition of the tumor microenvironment are currently being explored. In this paper, we review recent studies describing the phenomenon of OSCs and factors known to influence phenotypic plasticity. The microenvironment, which can regulate OSC plasticity, has great potential for clinical exploitation and provides different perspectives for drug and treatment design for OS.
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53
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Niu ZS, Wang WH, Niu XJ. Recent progress in molecular mechanisms of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6433-6477. [PMID: 36569275 PMCID: PMC9782839 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatectomy is currently considered the most effective option for treating patients with early and intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC remains unsatisfactory, predominantly because of high postoperative metastasis and recurrence rates. Therefore, research on the molecular mechanisms of postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence will help develop effective intervention measures to prevent or delay HCC metastasis and recurrence and to improve the long-term survival of HCC patients. Herein, we review the latest research progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying postoperative HCC metastasis and recurrence to lay a foundation for improving the understanding of HCC metastasis and recurrence and for developing more precise prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Niu
- Laboratory of Micromorphology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Shibei District People's Hospital, Qingdao 266033, Shandong Province, China
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54
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Sung CJ, Wang HH, Sun KH, Hsieh CC, Huang R, Sun GH, Tang SJ. Fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum inhibits the stemness of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in bladder cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:623-633. [PMID: 36099992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of anticancer activities have been established for fucoidan from brown algae, whereas whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) are inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides is unexplored. In this study, fucoidan extracted from Sargassum hemiphyllum was showed heat stable and might tolerate 140 °C treatment. Fucoidan did not exhibit cytotoxicity in 5637 and T24 bladder cancer cells. After fucoidan treatment, the stress fibers were aggregated into thick and abundant underneath the plasma membrane and getting around the cells, and the structure of F-actin showed a remarkable change in the filopodial protrusion in T24 and 5637 cells. Using culture inserts, transwell assays and time lapse recordings showed that fucoidan inhibited cell migration. In the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fucoidan downregulated the expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, and upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. Additionally, the transcription levels of Snail, Slug, Twist1, Twist2, MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly decreased by fucoidan, indicating EMT suppression. CSCs are implicated in tumor initiation, metastatic spread, drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Our results showed that fucoidan inhibited stemness gene expression and sphere formation in bladder CSCs. For the first time, our findings demonstrated that fucoidan inhibits CSC formation and provides evidence as potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Sung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Wang
- Section of Urology, Cheng-Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Cheng Hsieh
- Section of Urology, Cheng-Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Roger Huang
- Taiwan International Algae Fund, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Department of Urology and Surgery, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shye-Jye Tang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Taiwan International Algae Fund, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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55
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Symons HE, Galanti A, Surmon JC, Trask RS, Rochat S, Gobbo P. Automated analysis of soft material microindentation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8302-8314. [PMID: 36286486 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanical properties of soft hydrogel materials over multiple length scales is important for their application in many fields. Typical measurement methods provide either bulk mechanical properties (compression, tensile, rheology) or probing of nano or microscale properties and heterogeneity (nanoindentation, AFM). In this work we demonstrate the complementarity of instrumented microindentation to these techniques, as it provides representative Young's moduli for soft materials with minimal influence of the experimental parameters chosen, and allows mechanical property mapping across macroscopic areas. To enable automated analysis of the large quantities of data required for these measurements, we develop a new fitting algorithm to process indentation data. This method allows for the determination of Young's moduli from imperfect data by automatic selection of a region of the indentation curve which does not display inelastic deformation or substrate effects. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach with a range of hydrogels, including materials with patterns and gradients in stiffness, and expect the techniques described here to be useful developments for the mechanical analysis of a wide range of soft and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Symons
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Agostino Galanti
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Joseph C Surmon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Richard S Trask
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Sebastien Rochat
- School of Chemistry, Department of Engineering Mathematics, and Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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LINC00839 promotes malignancy of liver cancer via binding FMNL2 under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18757. [PMID: 36335129 PMCID: PMC9637198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world and metastasis is the leading cause of death associated with liver cancer. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and enhances malignant character of cancer cells. However, the exact mechanisms involved in hypoxia-driven liver cancer progression and metastasis have not been well clarified so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in hypoxia promoting liver cancer progression. We screened and revealed LINC00839 as a novel hypoxia-responsive lncRNA in liver cancer. LINC00839 expression was up-regulated in liver cancer tissues and cell lines, and the patients with high LINC00839 expression had shortened overall survival. LINC00839 further overexpressed under hypoxia and promoted liver cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC00839 bound multiple proteins that were primarily associated with the metabolism and RNA transport, and positively regulated the expression of Formin-like protein 2 (FMNL2). LINC00839 could promote hypoxia-mediated liver cancer progression, suggesting it may be a clinically valuable biomarker and serve as a molecular target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of liver cancer.
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57
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Liu Y, Fan Z, Qiao L, Liu B. Advances in microfluidic strategies for single-cell research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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58
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Su Z, Chen Z, Ma K, Chen H, Ho JWK. Molecular determinants of intrinsic cellular stiffness in health and disease. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1197-1209. [PMID: 36345276 PMCID: PMC9636357 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of intrinsic biophysical features, especially cellular stiffness, in diverse cellular and disease processes is being increasingly recognized. New high throughput techniques for the quantification of cellular stiffness facilitate the study of their roles in health and diseases. In this review, we summarized recent discovery about how cellular stiffness is involved in cell stemness, tumorigenesis, and blood diseases. In addition, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the gene regulation of cellular stiffness in health and disease progression. Finally, we discussed the current understanding on how the cytoskeleton structure and the regulation of these genes contribute to cellular stiffness, highlighting where the field of cellular stiffness is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhuo Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Joshua W. K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
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59
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Sikic L, Schulman E, Kosklin A, Saraswathibhatla A, Chaudhuri O, Pokki J. Nanoscale Tracking Combined with Cell-Scale Microrheology Reveals Stepwise Increases in Force Generated by Cancer Cell Protrusions. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7742-7750. [PMID: 35950832 PMCID: PMC9523704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In early breast cancer progression, cancer cells invade through a nanoporous basement membrane (BM) as a first key step toward metastasis. This invasion is thought to be mediated by a combination of proteases, which biochemically degrade BM matrix, and physical forces, which mechanically open up holes in the matrix. To date, techniques that quantify cellular forces of BM invasion in 3D culture have been unavailable. Here, we developed cellular-force measurements for breast cancer cell invasion in 3D culture that combine multiple-particle tracking of force-induced BM-matrix displacements at the nanoscale, and magnetic microrheometry of localized matrix mechanics. We find that cancer-cell protrusions exert forces from picoNewtons up to nanoNewtons during invasion. Strikingly, the protrusions extension involves stepwise increases in force, in steps of 0.2 to 0.5 nN exerted from every 30 s to 6 min. Thus, this technique reveals previously unreported dynamics of force generation by invasive protrusions in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Sikic
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150,Finland
| | - Ester Schulman
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anna Kosklin
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150,Finland
| | - Aashrith Saraswathibhatla
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Juho Pokki
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150,Finland
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60
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Yang J, Tan CL, Long D, Liang Y, Zhou L, Liu XB, Chen YH. Analysis of invasiveness and tumor-associated macrophages infiltration in solid pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5047-5057. [PMID: 36160642 PMCID: PMC9494934 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare pancreatic tumor. Considering its malignant behaviors, SPT has been classified as a low-grade malignant tumor. Indeed, only 9.2% of all SPT patients are initially diagnosed as malignant with invasion or metastasis. Thus, one of the challenges in managing SPT patients is predicting malignant behavior.
AIM To investigate the malignant behavior and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration between different histopathologic features of SPT patients.
METHODS Twenty-five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 22 patients pathologically diagnosed with an SPT between 2009 and 2019 at West China Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Integrity of the capsule and growth pattern of the tumor cells was assessed microscopically in hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections. Based on the histopathological features, the SPT patients were divided into two groups: capsule or invasion. Clinical features, malignant behavior, and TAM infiltration were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS Among the 22 SPT patients, 11 were identified for each group, having either a capsule or invasion histopathologic feature. Malignant behavior was more frequent in the invasion group, including 2 patients who had peripheral organ invasion, 3 with liver metastasis, and 1 with both lymph node and spleen metastases (P= 0.045). Ki-67 index of more than 3% was also more frequent in the invasion group (P = 0.045). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the invasion group had a significant increase of CD68-positive TAMs in intratumor and peritumor sites in comparison with the capsule group (all P < 0.0001). Similarly, CD163-positive M2-like macrophages were also markedly increased in the intratumor and peritumor sites in the invasion group (all P < 0.0001). At the liver metastasis site, both intratumor and peritumor tissues showed relatively high-level CD68-positive TAMs and CD163-positive M2-like macrophages infiltration. However, the differences between the intratumor, peritumor and normal hepatic tissues did not reach statistical significance (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION SPT patients with invasion evident under microscope were more likely to exhibit malignant behavior and TAM infiltration, especially M2-like macrophages. This finding can help in future investigations of the underlying mechanism of TAM-mediated SPT malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chun-Lu Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu-Bao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong-Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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61
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Liu X, Jia Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Fu W. A pan-cancer analysis reveals the genetic alterations and immunotherapy of Piezo2 in human cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:918977. [PMID: 35991548 PMCID: PMC9386142 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Piezo2 is a transmembrane-spanning ion channel protein implicated in multiple physiological processes, including cell proliferation and angiogenesis in many cell types. However, Piezo2 was recognized as representing a double-edged sword in terms of tumor growth. The prognostic and immunotherapeutic roles of Piezo2 in pan-cancer have not been reported. Methods: In this study, several databases available including the UCSC Xena database, HPA, TIDE, GSEA, and cBioportal were used to investigate the expression, alterations, associations with immune indicators, and prognostic roles of Piezo2 across pan-cancer. R software and Perl scripts were used to process the raw data acquired from the UCSC Xena database. Results: Based on processed data, our results suggested that Piezo2 expression levels were tissue-dependent in different tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the survival analysis reflected that patients suffering from KIRC, LUAD, and USC with high Piezo2 expression had good OS, while those suffering from KIRP and SARC with high Piezo2 expression had poor OS. In addition, our results showed that Piezo2 expression was associated with the infiltration of CD4+ T memory cells, mast cells, and dendritic cells. These results suggested that Piezo2 may involve tumor progression by influencing immune infiltration or regulating immune cell function. Further analysis indicated that Piezo2 could influence TME by regulating T-cell dysfunction. We also found that gene mutation was the most common genetic alteration of Piezo2. The GSEA analysis revealed that Piezo2 was associated with calcium ion transport, the activation of the immune response, antigen processing and presentation pathways. Conclusion: Our study showed the expression and prognostic features of Piezo2 and highlighted its associations with genetic alterations and immune signatures in pan-cancer. Moreover, we provided several novel insights for further research on the therapeutic potential of Piezo2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangpu Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Weihua Fu,
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Ye J, Deng W, Zhong Y, Liu H, Guo B, Qin Z, Li P, Zhong X, Wang L. MELK predicts poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activating the NF‑κB pathway. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:94. [PMID: 35730614 PMCID: PMC9256079 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a low 5-year survival rate due to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has indicated that maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is highly expressed in several tumors and associated with tumor development. However, the biological effects of MELK in ESCC remain unknown. In the present study, cell phenotypical experiments and animal metastasis assays were performed to detect the influence of MELK knockdown in vitro and in vivo. The potential molecular mechanism of MELK-mediated ESCC metastasis was further investigated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that the expression of MELK in human ESCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and was positively associated with the poor prognosis of patients. Reducing MELK expression resulted in growth inhibition and suppression of the invasive ability of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. MELK inhibition induced alterations of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated proteins. Mechanistically, MELK interacted with IκB kinase (IKK) and promoted the phosphorylation of IKK, by which MELK regulated activation of the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, the present study revealed the function and mechanism of MELK in the cell metastasis of ESCC, which may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Deng
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Baoyin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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63
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Liu W, Padhi A, Zhang X, Narendran J, Anastasio MA, Nain AS, Irudayaraj J. Dynamic Heterochromatin States in Anisotropic Nuclei of Cells on Aligned Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10754-10767. [PMID: 35803582 PMCID: PMC9332347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cancer cell nucleus deforms as it invades the interstitial spaces in tissues and the tumor microenvironment. While alteration of the chromatin structure in a deformed nucleus is expected and documented, the chromatin structure in the nuclei of cells on aligned matrices has not been elucidated. In this work we elucidate the spatiotemporal organization of heterochromatin in the elongated nuclei of cells on aligned nanofibers with stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We show that the anisotropy of nuclei is sufficient to drive H3K9me3-heterochromatin alterations, with enhanced H3K9me3 nanocluster compaction and aggregation states that otherwise are indistinguishable from diffraction-limited microscopy. We interrogated the higher-order heterochromatin structures within major chromatin compartments in anisotropic nuclei and discovered a wider spatial dispersion of nanodomain clusters in the nucleoplasm and condensed larger nanoclusters near the periphery and pericentromeric heterochromatin. Upon examining the spatiotemporal dynamics of heterochromatin in anisotropic nuclei, we observed reduced mobility of the constitutive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3 and the associated heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1α) at the nucleoplasm and periphery regions, correlating with increased viscosity and changes in gene expression. Since heterochromatin remodeling is crucial to genome integrity, our results reveal an unconventional H3K9me3 heterochromatin distribution, providing cues to an altered chromatin state due to perturbations of the nuclei in aligned fiber configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Cancer Center at Illinois,
Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Beckman
Institute, Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abinash Padhi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jairaj Narendran
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Amrinder S. Nain
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, 1102 Everitt Lab, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Cancer Center at Illinois,
Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Beckman
Institute, Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Mechanical Stretch Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Inflammation via the RhoA-ROCK/NF-κB Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6871269. [PMID: 35915804 PMCID: PMC9338847 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6871269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of most inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that mechanical load can influence macrophage function, leading to excessive and uncontrolled inflammation and even systemic damage, including cardiovascular disease and knee osteoarthritis. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, murine RAW264.7 cells were treated with mechanical stretch (MS) using the Flexcell-5000T Tension System. The expression of inflammatory factors and cytokine release were measured by RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The protein expression of NF-κB p65, Iκb-α, p-Iκb-α, RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 was also detected by Western blotting. Then, Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of macrophage subsets. Meanwhile, Y-27632 dihydrochloride, a ROCK inhibitor, was added to knockdown ROCK signal transduction in cells. Our results demonstrated that MS upregulated mRNA expression and increased the secretion levels of proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Additionally, MS significantly increased the proportion of CD11b+CD86+ and CD11b+CD206+ subsets in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the protein expression of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α increased in MS-treated RAW264.7 cells, as well as the IL-6 and iNOS. In contrast, ROCK inhibitor significantly blocked the activation of RhoA-ROCK and NF-κB pathway, decreased the protein expression of IL-6 and iNOS, reduced the proportion of CD11b+CD86+ cells subpopulation, and increased the proportion of CD11b+CD206+ cell subpopulation after MS. These data indicate that mechanical stretch can regulate the RAW264.7 macrophage polarization and enhance inflammatory responses in vitro, which may contribute to activation the RhoA-ROCK/NF-κB pathway.
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Tsvirkun D, Revilloud J, Giannetti A, Verdier C. The intriguing role of collagen on the rheology of cancer cell spheroids. J Biomech 2022; 141:111229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Zhang T, Jia Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Xu F, Guo H. Targeting the tumor biophysical microenvironment to reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114319. [PMID: 35545136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has evolved into a new pillar of cancer treatment in clinics, but dealing with treatment resistance (either primary or acquired) is a major challenge. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a substantial impact on the pathological behaviors and treatment response of many cancers. The biophysical clues in TME have recently been considered as important characteristics of cancer. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that biophysical cues in TME play important roles in each step of the cascade of cancer immunotherapy that synergistically contribute to immunotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize five main biophysical cues in TME that affect resistance to immunotherapy: extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, ECM stiffness, tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), solid stress, and vascular shear stress. First, the biophysical factors involved in anti-tumor immunity and therapeutic antibody delivery processes are reviewed. Then, the causes of these five biophysical cues and how they contribute to immunotherapy resistance are discussed. Finally, the latest treatment strategies that aim to improve immunotherapy efficacy by targeting these biophysical cues are shared. This review highlights the biophysical cues that lead to immunotherapy resistance, also supplements their importance in related technologies for studying TME biophysical cues in vitro and therapeutic strategies targeting biophysical cues to improve the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Jia
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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Mikolajczyk A, Khosrawipour V, Lau H, Li S, Migdal P, Labbé MK, Kielan W, Nicpon J, Stieglitz S, Khosrawipour T. Exploring the potential of taurolidine in inducing mobilization and detachment of colon cancer cells: a preliminary in-vitro study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:38. [PMID: 35698168 PMCID: PMC9195453 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, taurolidine has been intensively studied on a variety of in-vitro cancer cell-lines and first data exhibit encouraging antitumoral effects. While the clinical use of taurolidine is considered, some studies with in-vivo experiments contradict this beneficial effect and even indicate advanced cancer growth. The aim of this study is to further investigate this paradox in-vivo effect by taurolidine and closely analyze the interaction of cancer cells with the surrounding environment following taurolidine exposure. Methods HT-29 (ATCC® HTB-38™) cells were treated with taurolidine at different concentrations and oxaliplatin using an in-vitro model. Morphological changes with respect to increasing taurolidine dosage were visualized and monitored using electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity of the agents as well as extent of cellular detachment by mechanical stress was measured for each substance using a colorimetric MTS assay. Results Both taurolidine and oxaliplatin exhibit cell toxicity on colon cancer cells. Taurolidine reshapes colon cancer cells from round into spheric cells and further induces cluster formation. When exposed to mechanical stress, taurolidine significantly enhances detachment of adherent colon carcinoma cells compared to the control (p < 0.05) and the oxaliplatin group (p < 0.05). This effect is dose dependent. Conclusions Beside its cytotoxic effects, taurolidine could also change mechanical interactions of cancer cells with their environment. Local cancer cell conglomerates could be mechanically mobilized and may cause metastatic growth further downstream. The significance of changes in cellular morphology caused by taurolidine as well as its interaction with the microenvironment must be further addressed in clinical cancer therapies. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate both the safety and efficacy of taurolidine for the treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mikolajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Veria Khosrawipour
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556, Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Hien Lau
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine (UCI), Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Shiri Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Pawel Migdal
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maya Karine Labbé
- School of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kielan
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556, Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Nicpon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sven Stieglitz
- Department Pulmonary Medicine, Petrus-Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Khosrawipour
- Department of Surgery (A), University-Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Medical faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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68
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Zhou Q, Liu Y, Feng R, Zhang W. NUCB2: roles in physiology and pathology. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:603-617. [PMID: 35678998 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2) is a member of nucleobindin family which was first found in the nucleus of the hypothalamus, and had a relationship in diet and energy homeostasis. Its location in normal tissues such as stomach and islet further confirms that it plays a vital role in the regulation of physiological functions of the body. Besides, NUCB2 participates in tumorigenesis through activating various signal-pathways, more and more studies indicate that NUCB2 might impact tumor progression by promoting or inhibiting proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells. In this review, we comprehensively stated NUCB2's expression and functions, and introduced the role of NUCB2 in physiology and pathology and its mechanism. What is more, pointed out the potential direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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69
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Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Baldassarri I, Tavakol DN, Graney PL, Samaritano M, Cimetta E, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Engineering complexity in human tissue models of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114181. [PMID: 35278521 PMCID: PMC9035134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major progress in the understanding and treatment of cancer have tremendously improved our knowledge of this complex disease and improved the length and quality of patients' lives. Still, major challenges remain, in particular with respect to cancer metastasis which still escapes effective treatment and remains responsible for 90% of cancer related deaths. In recent years, the advances in cancer cell biology, oncology and tissue engineering converged into the engineered human tissue models of cancer that are increasingly recapitulating many aspects of cancer progression and response to drugs, in a patient-specific context. The complexity and biological fidelity of these models, as well as the specific questions they aim to investigate, vary in a very broad range. When selecting and designing these experimental models, the fundamental question is "how simple is complex enough" to accomplish a specific goal of cancer research. Here we review the state of the art in developing and using the human tissue models in cancer research and developmental drug screening. We describe the main classes of models providing different levels of biological fidelity and complexity, discuss their advantages and limitations, and propose a framework for designing an appropriate model for a given study. We close by outlining some of the current needs, opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ilaria Baldassarri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pamela L Graney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Samaritano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa Cimetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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70
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A Novel Risk Score Model Based on Eleven Extracellular Matrix-Related Genes for Predicting Overall Survival of Glioma Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4966820. [PMID: 35528238 PMCID: PMC9076298 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4966820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common lethal primary brain tumors with variable survival outcomes for patients. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is linked with clinical prognosis of glioma patients, but it is not commonly used as a clinical indicator. Herein, we investigated changes in ECM-related genes (ECMRGs) via analyzing the transcriptional data of 938 gliomas from TCGA and CGGA datasets. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, a 11-ECMRG signature that is strongly linked with overall survival (OS) in glioma patients was identified. This signature was characterized by high-risk and low-risk score patterns. We found that the patients in the high-risk group are significantly linked with malignant molecular features and worse outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that the signature is an independent indicator for glioma prognosis. The prediction accuracy of the signature was verified through time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. Further bioinformatics analyses implied that the ECMRG signature is strongly associated with the activation of multiple oncogenic and metabolic pathways and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in gliomas. In addition, we confirmed that the high-risk score is an indicator for a therapy-resistant phenotype. In addition to bioinformatics analyses, we functionally verified the oncogenic role of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) in gliomas in vitro.
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71
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Xiao L, Li Q, Huang Y, Fan Z, Qin W, Liu B, Yuan X. Integrative Analysis Constructs an Extracellular Matrix-Associated Gene Signature for the Prediction of Survival and Tumor Immunity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:835043. [PMID: 35557945 PMCID: PMC9086365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.835043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the majority of lung cancers, and the survival of patients with advanced LUAD is poor. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that determines the oncogenesis and antitumor immunity of solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of extracellular matrix-related genes (ERGs) in LUAD remains unexplored. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore the prognostic value of ERGs in LUAD and establish a classification system to predict the survival of patients with LUAD.Methods: LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE37745 were used as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. Prognostic ERGs were identified by univariate Cox analysis and used to construct a prognostic signature by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The extracellular matrix-related score (ECMRS) of each patient was calculated according to the prognostic signature and used to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. The prognostic performance of the signature was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, and ROC curves. The relationship between ECMRS and tumor immunity was determined using stepwise analyses. A nomogram based on the signature was established for the convenience of use in the clinical practice. The prognostic genes were validated in multiple databases and clinical specimens by qRT-PCR.Results: A prognostic signature based on eight ERGs (FERMT1, CTSV, CPS1, ENTPD2, SERPINB5, ITGA8, ADAMTS8, and LYPD3) was constructed. Patients with higher ECMRS had poorer survival, lower immune scores, and higher tumor purity in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The predictive power of the signature was independent of the clinicopathological parameters, and the nomogram could also predict survival precisely.Conclusions: We constructed an ECM-related gene signature which can be used to predict survival and tumor immunity in patients with LUAD. This signature can serve as a novel prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Fan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Xianglin Yuan,
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Xianglin Yuan,
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Reptiles as Promising Sources of Medicinal Natural Products for Cancer Therapeutic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040874. [PMID: 35456708 PMCID: PMC9025323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have historically played an important role as a source of therapeutic drugs for various diseases, and the development of medicinal natural products is still a field with high potential. Although diverse drugs have been developed for incurable diseases for several decades, discovering safe and efficient anticancer drugs remains a formidable challenge. Reptiles, as one source of Asian traditional medicines, are known to possess anticancer properties and have been used for a long time without a clarified scientific background. Recently, it has been reported that extracts, crude peptides, sera, and venom isolated from reptiles could effectively inhibit the survival and proliferation of various cancer cells. In this article, we summarize recent studies applying ingredients derived from reptiles in cancer therapy and discuss the difficulties and prospective development of natural product research.
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73
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Physical Forces in Glioblastoma Migration: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074055. [PMID: 35409420 PMCID: PMC9000211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasive capabilities of glioblastoma (GBM) define the cancer’s aggressiveness, treatment resistance, and overall mortality. The tumor microenvironment influences the molecular behavior of cells, both epigenetically and genetically. Current forces being studied include properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as stiffness and “sensing” capabilities. There is currently limited data on the physical forces in GBM—both relating to how they influence their environment and how their environment influences them. This review outlines the advances that have been made in the field. It is our hope that further investigation of the physical forces involved in GBM will highlight new therapeutic options and increase patient survival. A search of the PubMed database was conducted through to 23 March 2022 with the following search terms: (glioblastoma) AND (physical forces OR pressure OR shear forces OR compression OR tension OR torsion) AND (migration OR invasion). Our review yielded 11 external/applied/mechanical forces and 2 tumor microenvironment (TME) forces that affect the ability of GBM to locally migrate and invade. Both external forces and forces within the tumor microenvironment have been implicated in GBM migration, invasion, and treatment resistance. We endorse further research in this area to target the physical forces affecting the migration and invasion of GBM.
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Li Y, Xiong H. Correlation of LAGE3 with unfavorable prognosis and promoting tumor development in HCC via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/RAF/MAPK pathways. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 35313850 PMCID: PMC8939149 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common clinical malignancies quite susceptible to recurrence and metastasis. Despite several improvements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis remains poor due to the limited treatment options. A bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA databases revealed that the recombinant human L antigen family member 3 (LAGE3) might function as an effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for HCC, as LAGE3, a protein-coding gene, maintains several important biological functions and has a physiological significance in the CTAG family while simultaneously being involved in regulating the occurrence and invasion of numerous types of tumors. However, the LAGE3 gene’s functional and regulatory mechanism in the progression of HCC remains unclear. Methods The LAGE3 level was investigated in 79 HCC tissues cases, ten HCC adjacent tissue cases, and six cases of normal liver tissues by IHC, while the LAGE3 level was evaluated in BEL-7404, SMCC-7721, Huh-7, HepG2, and MIHA cell lines by qRT-PCR and Western blot tests. Although the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptotic abilities of HCC cells were measured in vitro after silencing assay to probe the role of LAGE3 in HCC cells, the tumor xenograft growth experiment was used to verify the in vivo effect of LAGE3 gene knockdown on the growth of HCC tumors combined with bioinformatics analysis to study the LAGE3 mechanisms regulating HCC proliferation. Results Our results implied that LAGE3 was extensively expressed in HCC cell lines like BEL-7404, SMCC-7721, and Huh-7 cells as well as HCC tissues, but a lower expression was observed in HepG2 cells. Additionally, LAGE3 restrains cellular proliferation, promotes apoptotic pathways in HCC cells, and inhibits the growth of HCC tumors in vivo. Lastly, it was stated that LAGE3 might promote tumor development in HCC via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/RAF/MAPK pathways. Conclusion This study shows that the development of specific LAGE3 target drugs might become new effective treatment modalities for HCC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09398-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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Mei C, Liu C, Gao Y, Dai WT, Zhang W, Li X, Liu ZQ. eIF3a Regulates Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via Translational Activation of RhoA and Cdc42. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:794329. [PMID: 35300416 PMCID: PMC8921074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.794329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of tumor relapse and cancer-associated mortality in colorectal cancer, leading to poor therapeutic responses and reduced survival. eIF3a was previously described as an oncogene. However, its role in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, the expression specificity and predictive value of eIF3a were investigated in clinical samples. The effects of eIF3a on cell proliferation and migration were verified in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The underlying molecular mechanism was revealed by western blotting, immunofluorescence, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. The results showed that eIF3a was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. High eIF3a expression was correlated with tumor metastasis and overall survival. Downregulation of eIF3a obviously inhibited the proliferation and motility of malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, eIF3a regulates Cdc42 and RhoA expression at the translation level, which further affects pseudopodia formation and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Taken together, eIF3a accelerates the acquisition of the migratory phenotype of cancer cells by activating Cdc42 and RhoA expression at the translational level. Our study identified eIF3a as a promising target for inhibiting colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Ting Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
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76
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells’ migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
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77
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Liu S, Wang Z, Zhu D, Yang J, Lou D, Gao R, Wang Z, Li A, Lv Y, Fan Q. Effect of Shengmai Yin on the DNA methylation status of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell and its radioresistant strains. J Pharm Anal 2022; 11:783-790. [PMID: 35028184 PMCID: PMC8740367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shengmai Yin (SMY) is a Chinese herbal decoction that effectively alleviates the side effects of radiotherapy in various cancers and helps achieve radiotherapy's clinical efficacy. In this study, we explored the interaction mechanism among SMY, DNA methylation, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We identified differences in DNA methylation levels in NPC CNE-2 cells and its radioresistant cells (CNE-2R) using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation array and found that CNE-2R cells showed genome-wide changes in methylation status towards a state of hypomethylation. SMY may restore its original DNA methylation status, and thus, enhance radiosensitivity. Furthermore, we confirmed that the differential gene Tenascin-C (TNC) was overexpressed in CNE-2R cells and that SMY downregulated TNC expression. This downregulation of TNC inhibited NPC cell radiation resistance, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we found that TNC was hypomethylated in CNE-2R cells and partially restored to a hypermethylated state after SMY intervention. DNA methyltransferases 3a may be the key protein in DNA methylation of TNC. A significant difference in the genome-wide methylation status between Nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells and its radioresistant strain. Shengmai Yin-mediated enhancement of radiosensitivity might be mediated by restoration of its original DNA methylation status. Tenascin-C was downregulated and restored to partially hypermethylated in CNE-2R after Shengmai Yin intervention, DNMT3a maybe the key protein of DNA methylation of TNC. The downregulation of TNC inhibited NPC cell radiation resistance, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | | | - Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dandan Lou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruijiao Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zetai Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aiwu Li
- NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Lv
- NanFang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qin Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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78
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Feng Q, Yang P, Wang H, Li C, Hasegawa T, Liu Z, Li M. ID09, A Newly-Designed Tubulin Inhibitor, Regulating the Proliferation, Migration, EMT Process and Apoptosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:473-490. [PMID: 35002504 PMCID: PMC8741845 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, a major target in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) chemotherapy, contribute to multiple malignant biological behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Surpassing traditional tubulin inhibitors, ID09 emerges with brilliant solubility, photostability, and drug-sensitivity in multidrug-resistant cells. Its anti-tumor effects have been briefly verified in lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, whether OSCC is sensitive to ID09 and the potential mechanisms remain ambiguous, which are research purposes this study aimed to achieve. Various approaches were applied, including clone formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, cell counting kit-8 assay, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and in vivo experiment. The experimental results revealed that ID09 not only contributed to cell cycle arrest, reduced migration, and reversed EMT, but accelerated mitochondria-initiated apoptosis. Remarkably, Western blot detected diminishment in expression of Mcl-1 due to the deactivation of Ras-Erk pathway, resulting in ID09-induced apoptosis, proliferation and migration suppression, which could be offset by Erk1/2 phosphorylation agonist Ro 67-7476. This study initially explored the essential role Mcl-1 played and the regulatory effect of Ras-Erk pathway in anti-cancer process triggered by tubulin inhibitor, broadening clinical horizon of tubulin inhibitors in oral squamous cell carcinoma chemotherapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congshan Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China.,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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79
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Xie L, Du X, Wang S, Shi P, Qian Y, Zhang W, Tang X, Lin Y, Chen J, Peng L, Yu CC, Qian B. Development and evaluation of cancer differentiation analysis technology: a novel biophysics-based cancer screening method. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:111-117. [PMID: 34846233 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.2013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine health checkup is an essential strategy for monitoring population health and maintaining healthy workforces. However, there was a lack of cancer screening tests among routine health checkups due to high costs and unreliable methods. METHODS We conducted a two-stage study to evaluate the value of a blood test, Cancer Differentiation Analysis (CDATM), which is developed to differentiate the blood samples of healthy individuals from those of cancer patients through measuring and analyzing multiple biophysical properties. RESULTS The first stage of a cross-sectional study included 75,942 healthy individuals in routine health checkup, and the second stage of a prospective population-based cohort included 1,957 healthy community members. Forty-eight and ten cancer cases were identified among cross-sectional study and prospective population-based cohort, respectively. Using a pre-determined cutoff, we found that the CDA™ test could differentiate blood samples between healthy and cancer individuals with >93% specificity and >55% sensitivity in both studies. CONCLUSIONS With high specificity and moderate sensitivity of CDA™ test, our study indicates that we can analyze biophysical properties in the blood to rapidly and reliably screen healthy individuals from cancer patients in a health checkup setting where most individuals are healthy or with average risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuedong Du
- AnPac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Suna Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Statistics and Data Management, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weituo Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tang
- AnPac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lin
- AnPac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- AnPac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Peng
- AnPac Bio-Medical Science Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Promotion and Development Center, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China
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80
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity Acts as a Marker for Tumor Extracellular Matrix Characteristics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:785138. [PMID: 34950661 PMCID: PMC8691700 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.785138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials such as extracellular matrix scaffolds, cancer cells, and tissues are often assumed to respond elastically for simplicity; the viscoelastic response is quite commonly ignored. Extracellular matrix mechanics including the viscoelasticity has turned out to be a key feature of cellular behavior and the entire shape and function of healthy and diseased tissues, such as cancer. The interference of cells with their local microenvironment and the interaction among different cell types relies both on the mechanical phenotype of each involved element. However, there is still not yet clearly understood how viscoelasticity alters the functional phenotype of the tumor extracellular matrix environment. Especially the biophysical technologies are still under ongoing improvement and further development. In addition, the effect of matrix mechanics in the progression of cancer is the subject of discussion. Hence, the topic of this review is especially attractive to collect the existing endeavors to characterize the viscoelastic features of tumor extracellular matrices and to briefly highlight the present frontiers in cancer progression and escape of cancers from therapy. Finally, this review article illustrates the importance of the tumor extracellular matrix mechano-phenotype, including the phenomenon viscoelasticity in identifying, characterizing, and treating specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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81
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Wójtowicz K, Czogalla A, Trombik T, Łukaszewicz M. Surfactin cyclic lipopeptides change the plasma membrane composition and lateral organization in mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183730. [PMID: 34419486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The specific structure and composition of the cell plasma membrane (PM) is crucial for many cellular processes and can be targeted by various substances with potential medical applications. In this context, biosurfactants (BS) constitute a promising group of natural compounds that possess several biological functions, including anticancer activity. Despite the efficiency of BS, their mode of action had never been elucidated before. Here, we demonstrate the influence of cyclic lipopeptide surfactin (SU) on the PM of CHO-K1 cells. Both FLIM and svFCS experiments show that even a low concentration of SU causes significant changes in the membrane fluidity and dynamic molecular organization. Further, we demonstrate that SU causes a relevant dose-dependent reduction of cellular cholesterol by extracting it from the PM. Finally, we show that CHO-25RA cells characterized by increased cholesterol levels are more sensitive to SU treatment than CHO-K1 cells. We propose that sterols organizing the PM raft nanodomains, constitute a potential target for SU and other biosurfactants. In our opinion, the anticancer activity of biosurfactants is directly related with the higher cholesterol content found in many cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wójtowicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trombik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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82
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Leng X, Japaer R, Zhang H, Yeerlan M, Ma F, Ding J. Relationship of shear wave elastography anisotropy with tumor stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 34789199 PMCID: PMC8600915 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to examine the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) anisotropy in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods We enrolled 119 breast cancer patients from January 2017 to October 2019. SWE was performed before operation. Emax (maximum elasticity value), Emean (average elasticity value), Esd (standard deviation of the lesion elasticity value), Eratio (elasticity value of adipose tissue), anisotropy coefficient and difference were recorded. After operation, we collected clinical pathological data, and performed immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR tests on CD44, CD24, E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among parameters of SWE, anisotropy and clinicopathology, and markers of CSCs (cancer stem cells) and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Results Emax, Emean and Esd of the cross section were higher than those of the longitudinal section. Breast cancer with a higher elastic modulus was often accompanied by a hyperechoic halo, which was manifested as mixed echo and post-echo attenuation, and was accompanied by a higher BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) classification. When breast cancer had hyperechoic halo and weakened posterior echo, SWE of the lesion showed more obvious anisotropy. In addition, larger diameter of the longitudinal section indicated higher stiffness of the cross section. Correlation analysis showed that E-cadherin was negatively correlated with SWE in longitudinal section. CD44, N-cadherin, β-catenin were positively correlated with SWE in longitudinal and cross sections. Vimentin and CD24 had no correlation with SWE parameters. Conclusion SWE of breast cancer is anisotropic. The cross-sectional SWE is better than the longitudinal SWE, Emax is better than Emean, the anisotropy of SWE is better than SWE, and the anisotropy factor is better than the anisotropy difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Leng
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Rexida Japaer
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mila Yeerlan
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China. .,School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Abstract
(1) Background: Collagen is the main component of the connective tissue, playing an important role in the histological architecture and function of living organisms. Targeted therapy and improved imaging diagnosis can be obtained through collagen-binding nanoparticles that concentrate in the extracellular matrix. (2) Methods: We performed a scoping review of studies that analyzed the binding capacity of collagen-targeting nanoparticles. The search algorithm and inclusion criteria were based on PRISMA and ARRIVE guidelines. (3) Results: Fourteen studies matched all the inclusion criteria. All studies analyzed the distribution of nanoparticles in the collagen matrix, either by using collagen-targeting nanoparticles or by using unmodified ones. Most studies used collagen-binding nanoparticles for vascular research to target sites of endothelial injury, atherosclerotic plaques, or myocardial infarction. Two studies targeted the exposed collagen in models of liver fibrosis. (4) Conclusions: Our review summarizes the current literature on the methods and outcomes of using nanoparticles to target collagen. The studies reveal that there is high applicability for collagen-binding nanoparticles in cardiac or hepatic pathology and they could prove useful for targeted therapy of neoplastic lesions, which show an abundance of stromal collagen.
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84
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Liu YJ, Zeng SH, Hu YD, Zhang YH, Li JP. Overexpression of NREP Promotes Migration and Invasion in Gastric Cancer Through Facilitating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:746194. [PMID: 34746143 PMCID: PMC8565479 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.746194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for gastric cancer (GC), the most common cause of cancer-related deaths around the world, is currently a major focus area in research. Here, we examined the utility of Neuronal Regeneration Related Protein (NREP) as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC. We assessed the clinical relevance, function, and molecular role of NREP in GC using bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Our results showed that in GC, NREP overexpression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Our findings also suggested that NREP may be involved in the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with transforming growth factor β1 mediating both processes. In addition, NREP expression showed a positive correlation with the abundance of M2 macrophages, which are potent immunosuppressors. Together, these results indicate that NREP is overexpressed in GC and affects GC prognosis. Thus, NREP could be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Hong Zeng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Dou Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie-Pin Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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85
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Mierke CT. The Pertinent Role of Cell and Matrix Mechanics in Cell Adhesion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720494. [PMID: 34722504 PMCID: PMC8548417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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86
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Zhang Y, Ge L, Song G, Zhang R, Li S, Shi H, Zhang H, Li Y, Pan J, Wang L, Han J. Azithromycin alleviates the severity of rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the UPR component GRP78. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1201-1219. [PMID: 34664264 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic with well-described anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to substantiate the treatment potential of AZM in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gene expression profiles were collected by RNA sequencing, and the effects of AZM were assessed in functional assays. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the effects of AZM-mediated blockade of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Assays to define the anti-inflammatory activity of AZM using fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice were performed. Identification and characterization of the binding of AZM to GRP78 was performed using drug affinity responsive target stability assays, proteomics and cellular thermal shift assays. AZM-mediated inhibition of GRP78 and the dependence of the antiarthritic activity of AZM on GRP78 were assessed. KEY RESULTS AZM reduced proinflammatory factor production, cell migration, invasion and chemoattraction and enhanced apoptosis, thereby reducing the deleterious inflammatory response of RA FLSs in vitro. AZM ameliorated the severity of CIA lesions as efficiently as the anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biological agent etanercept (ETC). Transcriptional analyses suggested that AZM treatment impairs signalling cascades associated with cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic processes. GRP78 was identified as a novel target of AZM. AZM-mediated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) via the inhibition of GRP78 activity is required not only for inducing the expression of C/EBP-homologous protein (ChOP) but also for the activating sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its targeted genes involved in cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic processes. Furthermore, deletion of GRP78 abolished the antiarthritic activity of AZM. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings confirmed that AZM is a therapeutic drug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruojia Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haojun Shi
- The second clinical medical college, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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87
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Li CH, Hsu TI, Chang YC, Chan MH, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Stationed or Relocating: The Seesawing EMT/MET Determinants from Embryonic Development to Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1265. [PMID: 34572451 PMCID: PMC8472300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal transition mechanisms continue to occur during the cell cycle and throughout human development from the embryo stage to death. In embryo development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be divided into three essential steps. First, endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells form, then the cells are subdivided, and finally, cardiac valve formation occurs. After the embryonic period, the human body will be subjected to ongoing mechanical stress or injury. The formation of a wound requires EMT to recruit fibroblasts to generate granulation tissues, repair the wound and re-create an intact skin barrier. However, once cells transform into a malignant tumor, the tumor cells acquire the characteristic of immortality. Local cell growth with no growth inhibition creates a solid tumor. If the tumor cannot obtain enough nutrition in situ, the tumor cells will undergo EMT and invade the basal membrane of nearby blood vessels. The tumor cells are transported through the bloodstream to secondary sites and then begin to form colonies and undergo reverse EMT, the so-called "mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)." This dynamic change involves cell morphology, environmental conditions, and external stimuli. Therefore, in this manuscript, the similarities and differences between EMT and MET will be dissected from embryonic development to the stage of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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88
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Duan Y, Chen L, Shao J, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ke H, Zhang R, Zhu J, Yu M. Lanatoside C inhibits human cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by a reduction of the JAK2/STAT6/SOCS2 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:740. [PMID: 34466152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in gynecological diseases and ranks third among female cancers worldwide. Although early detection and vaccination have reduced incidence rates, cancer recurrence and metastasis lead to high mortality due to the lack of effective medicines. The present study aimed to identify novel drug candidates to treat cervical cancer. In the present study, lanatoside C, an FDA-approved cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of heart failure, was demonstrated to have anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cells, with abrogation of cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Lanatoside C also triggered cell apoptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species production and reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, which induced cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, lanatoside C inhibited the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), while inducing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, a negative regulator of JAK2-STAT6 signaling. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that lanatoside C suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2-STAT6 signaling, indicating that lanatoside C is a promising agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Cui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yingmei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Huihui Ke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
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89
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Paulsen JD, Polydorides AD. Pathology and Prognosis of Colonic Adenocarcinomas With Intermediate Primary Tumor Stage Between pT2 and pT3. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:591-602. [PMID: 34473229 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0109-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Primary tumor stage (pT) is an important prognostic indicator in colonic adenocarcinomas; however, cases that have no muscle fibers beyond the advancing tumor edge but also show no extension beyond the apparent outer border of muscularis propria (termed pT2int), have not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE.— To address the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of pT2int tumors. DESIGN.— We recharacterized 168 colon carcinomas and compared pT2int cases to bona fide pT2 and pT3 tumors. RESULTS.— In side-by-side analysis, 21 pT2int cases diverged from 29 pT2 tumors only in terms of larger size (P = .03), but they were less likely to show high-grade (P = .03), lymphovascular (P < .001), and extramural venous invasion (P = .04); discontinuous tumor deposits (P = .02); lymph node involvement (P = .001); and advanced stage (P = .001), compared with 118 pT3 tumors. Combining pT2int with pT2 cases (versus pT3) was a better independent predictor of negative lymph nodes in multivariate analysis (P = .04; odds ratio [OR], 3.96; CI, 1.09-14.42) and absent distant metastasis in univariate analysis (P = .04), compared with sorting pT2int with pT3 cases (versus pT2). Proportional hazards regression showed that pT2 and pT2int cases together were associated with better disease-free survival compared with pT3 tumors (P = .04; OR, 3.65; CI, 1.05-12.70). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that when pT2int were grouped with pT2 tumors, they were significantly less likely to show disease progression compared with pT3 (P = .002; log-rank test) and showed a trend toward better disease-specific survival (P = .06), during a mean patient follow-up of 44.9 months. CONCLUSIONS.— These data support the conclusion that pT2int carcinomas have clinicopathologic characteristics and are associated with patient outcomes more closely aligned with pT2 rather than pT3 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Paulsen
- From the Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexandros D Polydorides
- From the Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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90
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Vilchez Mercedes SA, Bocci F, Levine H, Onuchic JN, Jolly MK, Wong PK. Decoding leader cells in collective cancer invasion. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:592-604. [PMID: 34239104 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collective cancer invasion with leader-follower organization is increasingly recognized as a predominant mechanism in the metastatic cascade. Leader cells support cancer invasion by creating invasion tracks, sensing environmental cues and coordinating with follower cells biochemically and biomechanically. With the latest developments in experimental and computational models and analysis techniques, the range of specific traits and features of leader cells reported in the literature is rapidly expanding. Yet, despite their importance, there is no consensus on how leader cells arise or their essential characteristics. In this Perspective, we propose a framework for defining the essential aspects of leader cells and provide a unifying perspective on the varying cellular and molecular programmes that are adopted by each leader cell subtype to accomplish their functions. This Perspective can lead to more effective strategies to interdict a major contributor to metastatic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Bocci
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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91
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Martinez-Vidal L, Murdica V, Venegoni C, Pederzoli F, Bandini M, Necchi A, Salonia A, Alfano M. Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1011. [PMID: 34446834 PMCID: PMC8390675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Vidal
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Murdica
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Venegoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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92
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Jamshidifar E, Eshrati Yeganeh F, Shayan M, Tavakkoli Yaraki M, Bourbour M, Moammeri A, Akbarzadeh I, Noorbazargan H, Hossein-Khannazer N. Super Magnetic Niosomal Nanocarrier as a New Approach for Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Case Study on SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7948. [PMID: 34360714 PMCID: PMC8347826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a magnetic niosomal nanocarrier for co-delivery of curcumin and letrozole into breast cancer cells has been designed. The magnetic NiCoFe2O4 core was coated by a thin layer of silica, followed by a niosomal structure, allowing us to load letrozole and curcumin into the silica layer and niosomal layer, respectively, and investigate their synergic effects on breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the nanocarriers demonstrated a pH-dependent release due to the niosomal structure at their outer layer, which is a promising behavior for cancer treatment. Additionally, cellular assays revealed that the nanocarriers had low cellular uptake in the case of non-tumorigenic cells (i.e., MCF-10A) and related high viability but high cellular uptake in cancer cell lines (i.e., MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) and related low viability, which is evidenced in their high cytotoxicity against different breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the letrozole/curcumin co-loaded nanocarrier is higher than that of the aqueous solutions of both drugs, indicating their enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. In particular, NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome showed the highest cytotoxicity effects on MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. The observed cytotoxicity was due to regulation of the expression levels of the studied genes in breast cancer cells, where downregulation was observed for the Bcl-2, MMP 2, MMP 9, cyclin D, and cyclin E genes while upregulation of the expression of the Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 genes was observed. The flow cytometry results also revealed that NiCoFe2O4@L-Silica-L@C-Niosome enhanced the apoptosis rate in both MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells compared to the control samples. The findings of our research show the potential of designing magnetic niosomal formulations for simultaneous targeted delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs into cancer cells in order to enhance their synergic chemotherapeutic effects. These results could open new avenues into the future of nanomedicine and the development of theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jamshidifar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Faten Eshrati Yeganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mona Shayan
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 1696700, Iran;
| | | | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993891176, Iran;
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran;
| | - Iman Akbarzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
| | - Hassan Noorbazargan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 6718773654, Iran;
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93
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Collins T, Pyne E, Christensen M, Iles A, Pamme N, Pires IM. Spheroid-on-chip microfluidic technology for the evaluation of the impact of continuous flow on metastatic potential in cancer models in vitro. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:044103. [PMID: 34504636 PMCID: PMC8403013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are linked to tumor spread, or metastasis, but 3D in vitro metastasis models relevant to the tumor microenvironment (including interstitial fluid flow) remain an area of unmet need. Microfluidics allows us to introduce controlled flow to an in vitro cancer model to better understand the relationship between flow and metastasis. Here, we report new hybrid spheroid-on-chip in vitro models for the impact of interstitial fluid flow on cancer spread. We designed a series of reusable glass microfluidic devices to contain one spheroid in a microwell under continuous perfusion culture. Spheroids derived from established cancer cell lines were perfused with complete media at a flow rate relevant to tumor interstitial fluid flow. Spheroid viability and migratory/invasive capabilities were maintained on-chip when compared to off-chip static conditions. Importantly, using flow conditions modeled in vitro, we are the first to report flow-induced secretion of pro-metastatic factors, in this case cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 6. In summary, we have developed a new, streamlined spheroid-on-chip in vitro model that represents a feasible in vitro alternative to conventional murine in vivo metastasis assays, including complex tumor environmental factors, such as interstitial fluid flow, extracellular matrices, and using 3D models to model nutrient and oxygen gradients. Our device, therefore, constitutes a robust alternative to in vivo early-metastasis models for determination of novel metastasis biomarkers as well as evaluation of therapeutically relevant molecular targets not possible in in vivo murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Collins
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Pyne
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Christensen
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Iles
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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94
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Hou X, Tang L, Li X, Xiong F, Mo Y, Jiang X, Deng X, Peng M, Wu P, Zhao M, Ouyang J, Shi L, He Y, Yan Q, Zhang S, Gong Z, Li G, Zeng Z, Wang F, Guo C, Xiong W. Potassium Channel Protein KCNK6 Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616784. [PMID: 34195184 PMCID: PMC8237943 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, and its incidence is increasing each year. To effectively treat breast cancer, it is important to identify genes involved in its occurrence and development and to exploit them as potential drug therapy targets. Here, we found that potassium channel subfamily K member 6 (KCNK6) is significantly overexpressed in breast cancer, however, its function in tumors has not been reported. We further verified that KCNK6 expression is upregulated in breast cancer biopsies. Moreover, overexpressed KCNK6 was found to enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of breast cancer cells. These effects may occur by weakening cell adhesion and reducing cell hardness, thus affecting the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. Our study confirmed, for the first time, that increased KCNK6 expression in breast cancer cells may promote their proliferation, invasion, and migration. Moreover, considering that ion channels serve as therapeutic targets for many small molecular drugs in clinical treatment, targeting KCNK6 may represent a novel strategy for breast cancer therapies. Hence, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis for KCNK6 to become a potential molecular target for breast cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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95
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Choudhury P, Barua A, Roy A, Pattanayak R, Bhattacharyya M, Saha P. Eugenol emerges as an elixir by targeting β-catenin, the central cancer stem cell regulator in lung carcinogenesis: an in vivo and in vitro rationale. Food Funct 2021; 12:1063-1078. [PMID: 33443517 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to population-based studies, lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of death globally in males and is also rising in females at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to exploit the inherent properties of eugenol to restrict the growth of cancer cells in a tobacco-related human carcinogen NDEA-induced lung carcinogenesis model in vivo as a chemopreventive agent. More precisely, by utilizing its abundance in nature, eugenol (a component of clove) was utilized to establish the molecular mechanism of chemoprevention in the NDEA-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis model in a substantial cost-effective manner and was validated in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Our study especially targeted the tiny, drug-resistant, and most virulent subpopulation of cancer cells called CSCs by targeting their regulator molecule β-catenin. The non-toxic dosage of eugenol was shown to enhance apoptosis, simultaneously suppressing cell proliferation in the lung tissue of carcinogen-treated mice without affecting the normal mice. Combining cellular apoptosis and proliferation, eugenol showed an exceptional chemopreventive potential in this lung carcinogenesis model. Importantly, eugenol strongly restricted the lung carcinoma in the mild dysplastic stage as a chemopreventive agent. The molecular analysis remarkably depicted the restriction of β-catenin nuclear transportation. The minimized total β-catenin pool and induced N-terminal Ser37 phosphorylation form after eugenol treatment resulted in its cytoplasmic degradation. Consequently, CSC markers such as CD44, Oct4, EpCAM, and Notcht1, whose expression is dependent on β-catenin decreased significantly, as proven by IHC, ICC, and WB analysis both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro secondary sphere formation assay also proved the remarkably repressed CSC population, and hence the virulence. In another way, eugenol was proven to significantly enhance the degradation of β-catenin when treated with the CK1α inhibitor D4476 in vitro by Western blot. CK1α in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role for tagging with the N-terminal Ser45 phosphorylation of β-catenin, which ultimately opens a position for the decisive phosphorylation by GSK3β at the Ser37 residue to take place. Thus, the conclusive extermination of CSCs achieved that was associated with recurrence due to treatment failure. That can help to achieve a longer and better quality of life in a natural, economical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Choudhury
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atish Barua
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anup Roy
- Department of Pathology, N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata-700014, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rudradip Pattanayak
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Citivan International Research Center, 1719 6th Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
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96
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Tempest R, Guarnerio S, Maani R, Cooper J, Peake N. The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112788. [PMID: 34205140 PMCID: PMC8199963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is the most highly and ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase enzyme family and is primarily involved in protein cross-linking. TG2 has been implicated in the development and progression of numerous cancers, with a direct role in multiple cellular processes and pathways linked to apoptosis, chemoresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell phenotype. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical in the formation, progression, and eventual metastasis of cancer, and increasing evidence points to a role for TG2 in matrix remodelling, modulation of biomechanical properties, cell adhesion, motility, and invasion. There is growing interest in targeting the TME therapeutically in response to advances in the understanding of its critical role in disease progression, and a number of approaches targeting biophysical properties and biomechanical signalling are beginning to show clinical promise. In this review we aim to highlight the wide array of processes in which TG2 influences the TME, focussing on its potential role in the dynamic tissue remodelling and biomechanical events increasingly linked to invasive and aggressive behaviour. Drug development efforts have yielded a range of TG2 inhibitors, and ongoing clinical trials may inform strategies for targeting the biomolecular and biomechanical function of TG2 in the TME.
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97
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Liu K, Huang A, Nie J, Tan J, Xing S, Qu Y, Jiang K. IL-35 Regulates the Function of Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683332. [PMID: 34093586 PMCID: PMC8176033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and IL-12p35 that has recently been shown to play diverse and important roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Owing to its immunosuppressive activity and ability to promote tumor growth and progression, IL-35 is widely recognized as a key mediator of TME status. Immune cells are key mediators of diverse tumor-related phenotypes, and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-35 can promote tumor growth and metastasis in TME. These influences should be considered together. Since tumor immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade remains ineffective in many patients due to tumoral resistance, a new target or efficacy enhancing factor is urgently needed. Suppressing IL-35 production and activity has been demonstrated as an effective factor that inhibits tumor cells viability, and further investigation of this cytokine is warranted. However, the mechanistic basis for IL-35-mediated regulation of immune cells in the TME remains to be fully clarified. In the present review, we explore the roles of IL-35 in regulating immune cells within the TME. In addition, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target and discuss its possible relevance in the context of immunotherapy. Lastly, we sought to summarize potential future research directions that may guide the advancement of current understanding regarding the role of this important cytokine as a regulator of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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98
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Löhr CV, Stieger-Vanegas SM, Terry JL, Milovancev M, Medlock J. Targeting Peritumoral Lesions Identified by Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Feline Injection-Site Sarcomas for Microscopic Examination. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:923-934. [PMID: 33969752 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211012949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritumoral lesions identified during in vivo imaging of feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) are frequently interpreted as neoplastic. We recently showed that most peritumoral imaging-identified lesions (PTIILs) in FISS are non-neoplastic. In this article, we describe a protocol to target PTIIL for microscopic examination and report on the protocol's performance. Ten client-owned cats with FISS were prospectively enrolled. A fiducial marker sutured onto the skin, centered on the palpable mass, served as reference point throughout the study. Each FISS and surrounding tissue was imaged in vivo by dual phase computed tomography angiography and multiple magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequences and each PTIIL documented. Subgross measurements obtained during trimming aided localization and identification of PTIIL during microscopy. Histologic findings were categorized by descending clinical relevance: neoplastic, equivocal, non-neoplastic, within normal limits (WNL). Based on in vivo imaging resolution limits, histologic findings were ≥3 mm in at least one dimension and ≥3 mm apart. Surgical margins served as control tissue for PTIILs. Eighty-one of 87 PTIIL were examined histologically; 13 were neoplastic, 16 equivocal, and 28 non-neoplastic; 24 had no identified histologic correlate. Two neoplastic and 10 equivocal findings were located outside of PTIILs but none of them were located in sections of surgical margins. Computation of a simple confusion matrix yielded fair sensitivity (70.4%) and low specificity (59.7%) for prediction of PTIIL by histologic findings. After combining instances of normal microanatomy with non-neoplastic histologic findings, specificity increased (85.1%) and sensitivity decreased (35.8%). The protocol is a blueprint for targeting PTIIL for microscopic examination but may benefit from further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesse L Terry
- 2694Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Dr Terry is now at MedVet Northern Utah, Sunset, UT, USA
| | | | - Jan Medlock
- 2694Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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99
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Amos SE, Choi YS. The Cancer Microenvironment: Mechanical Challenges of the Metastatic Cascade. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:625859. [PMID: 33644019 PMCID: PMC7907606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.625859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade presents a significant challenge to patient survival in the fight against cancer. As metastatic cells disseminate and colonize a secondary site, stepwise exposure to microenvironment-specific mechanical stimuli influences and protects successful metastasis. Following cancerous transformation and associated cell recruitment, the tumor microenvironment (TME) becomes a mechanically complex niche, owing to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and architecture. The ECM mechanically reprograms the cancer cell phenotype, priming cells for invasion. 2D and 3D hydrogel-based culture platforms approximate these environmental variables and permit investigations into tumor-dependent shifts in malignancy. Following TME modification, malignant cells must invade the local ECM, driven toward blood, and lymph vessels by sensing biochemical and biophysical gradients. Microfluidic chips recreate cancer-modified ECM tracks, empowering studies into modes of confined motility. Intravasation and extravasation consist of complex cancer-endothelial interactions that modify an otherwise submicron-scale migration. Perfused microfluidic platforms facilitate the physiological culture of endothelial cells and thus enhance the translatability of basic research into metastatic transendothelial migration. These platforms also shed light on the poorly understood circulating tumor cell, which defies adherent cell norms by surviving the shear stress of blood flow and avoiding anoikis. Metastatic cancers possess the plasticity to adapt to new mechanical conditions, permitting their invasiveness, and ensuring their survival against anomalous stimuli. Here, we review the cellular mechanics of metastasis in the context of current in vitro approaches. Advances that further expose the mechanisms underpinning the phenotypic fluidity of metastatic cancers remain central to the development of novel interventions targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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100
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Mapanao AK, Che PP, Sarogni P, Sminia P, Giovannetti E, Voliani V. Tumor grafted - chick chorioallantoic membrane as an alternative model for biological cancer research and conventional/nanomaterial-based theranostics evaluation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:947-968. [PMID: 33565346 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1879047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Advancements in cancer management and treatment are associated with strong preclinical research data, in which reliable cancer models are demanded. Indeed, inconsistent preclinical findings and stringent regulations following the 3Rs principle of reduction, refinement, and replacement of conventional animal models currently pose challenges in the development and translation of efficient technologies. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a system for the evaluation of treatment effects on the vasculature, therefore suitable for studies on angiogenesis. Apart from vascular effects, the model is now increasingly employed as a preclinical cancer model following tumor-grafting procedures.Areas covered: The broad application of CAM tumor model is highlighted along with the methods for analyzing the neoplasm and vascular system. The presented and cited investigations focus on cancer biology and treatment, encompassing both conventional and emerging nanomaterial-based modalities.Expert opinion: The CAM tumor model finds increased significance given the influences of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment in cancer behavior, then providing a qualified miniature system for oncological research. Ultimately, the establishment and increased employment of such a model may resolve some of the limitations present in the standard preclinical tumor models, thereby redefining the preclinical research workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy.,NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pei Pei Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Sminia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
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