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Chen BC, Weng YJ, Shibu MA, Han CK, Chen YS, Shen CY, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Liang HY, Huang CY. Estrogen and/or Estrogen Receptor α Inhibits BNIP3-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051298. [PMID: 29701696 PMCID: PMC5983791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of autophagy in heart cells maintains homeostasis during cellular stress such as hypoxia by removing aggregated proteins and damaged organelles and thereby protects the heart during the times of starvation and ischemia. However, autophagy can lead to substantial cell death under certain circumstances. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a hypoxia-induced marker, has been shown to induce both autophagy and apoptosis. A BNIP3-docked organelle, e.g., mitochondria, also determines whether autophagy or apoptosis will take place. Estrogen (E2) and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα) have been shown to protect the heart against mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms by which ERα regulates BNIP3-induced apoptosis and autophagy, which is associated with hypoxic injury, in cardiomyoblast cells. An in vitro model to mimic hypoxic injury in the heart by engineering H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells to overexpress BNIP3 was established. Further, the effects of E2 and ERα in BNIP3-induced apoptosis and autophagy were determined in BNIP3 expressing H9c2 cells. Results from TUNEL assay and Immunoflourecense assay for LC3 puncta formation, respectively, revealed that ERα/E2 suppresses BNIP3-induced apoptosis and autophagy. The Western blot analysis showed ERα/E2 decreases the protein levels of caspase 3 (apoptotic marker), Atg5, and LC3-II (autophagic markers). Co-immunoprecipitation of BNIP3 and immunoblotting of Bcl-2 and Rheb showed that ERα reduced the interaction between BNIP3 and Bcl-2 or Rheb. The results confirm that ERα binds to BNIP3 causing a reduction in the levels of functional BNIP3 and thereby inhibits cellular apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, ERα attenuated the activity of the BNIP3 promoter by binding to SP-1 or NFκB sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Cheng Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jiun Weng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Kuo Han
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | | | - Hsin-Yueh Liang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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52
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Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Heart Failure: The Known and the Unknown. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8602041. [PMID: 29576856 PMCID: PMC5822756 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8602041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases including hypertrophic and ischemic cardiomyopathies are increasingly being reported to accumulate misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. These findings have led to an increasing interest in protein degradation pathways, like autophagy, which are essential not only for normal protein turnover but also in the removal of misfolded and damaged proteins. Emerging evidence suggests a previously unprecedented role for autophagic processes in cardiac physiology and pathology. This review focuses on the major types of autophagic processes, the genes and protein complexes involved, and their regulation. It discusses the key similarities and differences between macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and selective mitophagy structures and functions. The genetic models available to study loss and gain of macroautophagy, mitophagy, and CMA are discussed. It defines the markers of autophagic processes, methods for measuring autophagic activities, and their interpretations. This review then summarizes the major studies of autophagy in the heart and their contribution to cardiac pathology. Some reports suggest macroautophagy imparts cardioprotection from heart failure pathology. Meanwhile, other studies find macroautophagy activation may be detrimental in cardiac pathology. An improved understanding of autophagic processes and their regulation may lead to a new genre of treatments for cardiac diseases.
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TET1 exerts its tumour suppressor function by regulating autophagy in glioma cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160523. [PMID: 28341638 PMCID: PMC5672083 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and demethylation play a critical role in the regulation of the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) catalyses the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, (5hmC) leading to eventual DNA demethylation. It has been reported that TET1 is a tumour suppressor in several cancers. However, whether TET1 plays a role in glioma development is largely unclear. Different glioma specimens and corresponding normal controls were collected to analyse the expression of TET1. At the same time, TET1 of glioma U251 cells was knocked down or overexpressed to observe its effect on glioma cell proliferation and invasion as well as autophagy level. Here, we reported that the expression of TET1 in glioma tissue was significantly lower than the corresponding non-tumour normal tissues, and the concentration of TET1 is negatively correlated with the glioma WHO classification. When TET1 gene in glioma U251 cells was knocked down by CRISPR/Caspase-9 system, the proliferation and invasive ability of U251 increased remarkably. But when TET1 was overexpressed in U251 cells, the proliferation and invasion were impaired. Following the down-expression of TET1, the level of autophagy in U251 cells decreased accordingly.However, when TET1 was overexpressed in U251 cells, the level of autophagy incraesed. Furthermore, bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) but not 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could decrease the autophagy level of TET1−/− U251 cells as the wild-type controls. It suggests that the tumour suppressor effect of TET1 seems to be mediated by regulating the level of autophagy, and the regulation of TET1 on autophagy is at an early stage.
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Zhang MY, Guo FF, Wu HW, Yu YY, Wei JY, Wang SF, Zhang YX, Xian MH, Wu QH, Zhao BC, Li SY, Yang HJ. DanHong injection targets endothelin receptor type B and angiotensin II receptor type 1 in protection against cardiac hypertrophy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103393-103409. [PMID: 29262570 PMCID: PMC5732736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Mitigating or preventing CH is the most effective strategy for the treatment of CVDs. DanHong injection (DH) is a Chinese herbal medicine preparation (CHMP) widely used in clinical treatment of several CVDs in China. However, the direct targets and cellular mechanisms for these protective effects remain unclear. This study was designed to illustrate the direct targets of DH in protecting against CH and investigate CH molecular pathogenesis. A hypertrophic cell model was induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs). Real time cellular analysis (RTCA) cardio system and high content analysis (HCA) were used to detect the changes in contractile function, morphology and protein level of hypertrophic hiPS-CMs. Agonist and antagonist assay on receptors were performed using calcium mobilization high-throughput screening (HTS). DH significantly attenuated CH by modulating myocardial contractility, suppressing cell area enlargement and down-regulating ET-1-induced brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), actinin alpha 2 (ACTN2) and cardiac muscle troponin T (TNNT2) protein expression (P < 0.05). Endothelin receptor type B (ETBR) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) were DH direct targets, with IC50 value of 25.67 μL/mL and 1.10 μL/mL, respectively. Proteomics analysis showed that proteins involved in cell cycle inhibition, RNA processing, mitochondrial translation and cytoskeleton are significant regulated by DH treatment. These data revealed that ETBR and AT1R are DH direct targets on protecting against CH, providing a strategy to explore direct targets of CHMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shi-You Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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55
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Xiao Y, Yang Z, Wu QQ, Jiang XH, Yuan Y, Chang W, Bian ZY, Zhu JX, Tang QZ. Cucurbitacin B Protects Against Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3899-3910. [PMID: 28390176 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lack of effective anti-cardiac hypertrophy drugs creates a major cause for the increasing prevalence of heart failure. In the present study, we determined the anti-hypertrophy and anti-fibrosis potential of a natural plant triterpenoid, Cucurbitacin B both in vitro and in vivo. Aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy. After 1 week of surgery, mice were receive cucurbitacin B treatment (Gavage, 0.2 mg/kg body weight/2 day). After 4 weeks of AB, cucurbitacin B demonstrated a strong anti-hypertrophy and -fibrosis ability as evidenced by decreased of heart weight, myocardial cell cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis, ameliorated of systolic and diastolic abnormalities, normalized in gene expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic markers, reserved microvascular density in pressure overload induced hypertrophic mice. Cucurbitacin B also showed significant hypertrophy inhibitory effect in phenylephrine stimulated cardiomyocytes. The Cucurbitacin B-mediated mitigated cardiac hypertrophy was attributable to the increasing level of autophagy, which was associated with the blockade of Akt/mTOR/FoxO3a signal pathway, validated by SC79, MK2206, and 3-MA, the Akt agonist, inhibitor and autophagy inhibitor in vitro. The overexpression of constitutively active Akt completely abolished the Cucurbitacin B-mediated protection of cardiac hypertrophy in human cardiomyocytes AC16. Collectively, our findings suggest that cucurbitacin B protects against cardiac hypertrophy through increasing the autophagy level in cardiomyocytes, which is associated with the inhibition of Akt/mTOR/FoxO3a signal axis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3899-3910, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Xiao-Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhou Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Jin Xiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
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56
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Zhou L, Ma B, Han X. The role of autophagy in angiotensin II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R143-R152. [PMID: 27620875 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with nearly all forms of heart failure. It develops in response to disorders such as coronary artery disease, hypertension and myocardial infarction. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has direct effects on the myocardium and promotes hypertension. Chronic elevation of Ang II can lead to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure. Autophagy is an important process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Under physiological conditions, autophagy is an essential homeostatic mechanism to maintain the global cardiac structure function by ridding damaged cells or unwanted macromolecules and organelles. Dysregulation of autophagy may play an important role in Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy although conflicting reports on the effects of Ang II on autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy exist. Some studies showed that autophagy activation attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction. Others suggested that inhibition of the Ang II induced autophagy should be protective. The discrepancies may be due to different model systems and different signaling pathway involved. Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy may be alleviated through regulation of autophagy. This review focuses on Ang II to highlight the molecular targets and pathways identified in the prevention and treatment of Ang II-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Zhou
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Pharmaceutical Preparation SectionCentral Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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