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Economopoulou P, de Bree R, Kotsantis I, Psyrri A. Diagnostic Tumor Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the Clinical Setting. Front Oncol 2019; 9:827. [PMID: 31555588 PMCID: PMC6727245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a group of tumors arising in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx. Although HNSCC is traditionally associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, a growing proportion of head and neck tumors, mainly of the oropharynx, are associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Recurrent/metastatic disease is characterized by dismal prognosis and there is an unmet need for the development of biomarkers for detection of early disease, accurate prediction of prognosis, and appropriate selection of therapy. Based on the REMARK guidelines, a variety of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are being evaluated in clinical trials but their clinical significance is doubtful. Herein, we will focus on biomarkers in HNSCC used in the clinical setting and we will illustrate their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Kotsantis
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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52
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Expression of PD-L1 on Immune Cells Shows Better Prognosis in Laryngeal, Oropharygeal, and Hypopharyngeal Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:e79-e85. [PMID: 29271789 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite great enthusiasm towards immunotherapy, reliable biomarkers are still lacking. The importance of subsets based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status is supported by a growing body of evidence. However, role of other possible subgroups such as anatomic localization of primary tumor remains controversial. Our objective was to investigate immune cell infiltrate and checkpoint inhibitor proteins in above-mentioned head and neck cancer subsets. Archival tumor samples of 106 laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer patients were stained with PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, and CTLA-4 antibodies. Proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was assessed as well. In HPV-negative tumors, PD-L1 immune cell positivity was associated with better disease-specific survival. PD-L1 expression on immune cells correlated with improved disease-specific survival in laryngeal tumors. Furthermore, PD-L1 immune cell positivity correlated with CTLA-4 expression on immune cells and it was accompanied by high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte rate. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and PD-1 status showed strong correlation in all patients and in oropharyngeal and laryngeal localization, but not in hypopharynx. HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers showed negative PD-L1 status on tumor cells. CTLA-4 positivity was observed in 49.5% and 20.6% on immune cells and on tumor cells, respectively. We concluded that PD-L1 expression on immune cells indicates better prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We have not found any essential differences between anatomic subgroups. A possibly distinct role of hypopharyngeal localization regarding immune activity requires further clarification.
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Ludwig S, Hong CS, Razzo BM, Fabian KPL, Chelvanambi M, Lang S, Storkus WJ, Whiteside TL. Impact of combination immunochemotherapies on progression of 4NQO-induced murine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1133-1141. [PMID: 31139925 PMCID: PMC10577812 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) have limited therapeutic options. Although immune therapies are emerging as a potentially effective alternative or adjunct to chemotherapies, the therapeutic efficacy of combination immune chemotherapies has yet to be determined. Using a 4-nitroquinolone-N-oxide (4NQO) orthotopic model of OSCC in immunocompetent mice, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of single- and combined-agent treatment with a poly-epitope tumor peptide vaccine, cisplatin and/or an A2AR inhibitor, ZM241385. The monotherapies or their combinations resulted in a partial inhibition of tumor growth and, in some cases, a significant but transient upregulation of systemic anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses. These responses eroded in the face of expanding immunoregulatory cell populations at later stages of tumor progression. Our findings support the need for the further development of combinatorial therapeutic approaches that could more effectively silence dominant immune inhibitory pathways operating in OSCC and provide novel, more beneficial treatment options for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Ludwig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.32b, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chang-Sook Hong
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.32b, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Beatrice M Razzo
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.32b, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kellsye P L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Walter J Storkus
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.32b, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Suite 1.32b, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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54
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Kwon M, Yeo SC, Lee JS, Park JJ. Not CD68 but stabilin-1 expression is associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2019; 41:2058-2064. [PMID: 30652402 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study's aim was to identify CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions and their prognostic implications in patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC). METHODS Stabilin-1 and CD68 immunochemical staining was conducted in samples from patients with OCC who underwent curative surgery in our institute. We retrospectively analyzed patients' clinical information. We investigated the relationship between CD68 and stabilin-1 expression levels and their effect on prognostic factors and survival. RESULTS Fifty-four patients' data were analyzed. CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions were positively correlated (P = .008). CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions were not correlated with other prognostic factors (eg, T classification or lymph node metastasis). Stabilin-1 expression and tumor recurrence risk were positively correlated (P = .015). CD68 expression was neither associated with recurrence-free nor OCC-specific survival. CONCLUSION CD68 and stabilin-1 expressions in OCC were positively correlated. Stabilin-1 expression was significantly associated with OCC recurrence risk, but the prognostic value of CD68 was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Chul Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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55
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Leaman Alcibar O, Candini D, López-Campos F, Albert Antequera M, Morillo Macías V, Conde AJ, Rodríguez Pérez A, Hervás Morón A, Contreras Martínez J, Ferrer Albiach C, Navarro Aguilar S, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME. Time for radioimmunotherapy: an overview to bring improvements in clinical practice. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:992-1004. [PMID: 30644044 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-02027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the patient's own immune system against an established cancer has proven to be a successful strategy. Within the last years, several antibodies blocking critical "checkpoints" that control the activation of T cells, the immune cells able to kill cancer cells, have been approved for the use in patients with different tumours. Unfortunately, these cases remain a minority. Over the last years, radiotherapy has been reported as a means to turn a patient's own tumour into an in situ vaccine and generate anti-tumour T cells in patients who lack sufficient anti-tumour immunity. Indeed, review data show that the strategy of blocking multiple selected immune inhibitory targets in combination with radiotherapy has the potential to unleash powerful anti-tumour responses and improve the outcome of metastatic solid tumours. Here, we review the principal tumours where research in this field has led to new knowledge and where radioimmunotherapy becomes a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Leaman Alcibar
- Radiation Oncology Department, Central University Hospital of Defence Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Candini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - F López-Campos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Albert Antequera
- Radiation Oncology Department, La Ribera University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Morillo Macías
- Radiation Oncology Department, General Hospital in Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - A J Conde
- Radiation Oncology Department, The University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez Pérez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Internacional Ruber Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hervás Morón
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Ferrer Albiach
- Radiation Oncology Department, General Hospital in Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - S Navarro Aguilar
- Radiation Oncology Department, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institut, Ricardo Palma Clinic, Lima, Peru
| | - M E Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Radiation Oncology Department, University of Navarra Clinic and CIMA, Navarra, Spain
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Manca P, Raez LE, Salzberg M, Sanchez J, Hunis B, Rolfo C. The value of immunotherapy in head and neck cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:35-43. [PMID: 30537444 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1556637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) previously had limited treatment options once patients had progressed on systemic chemotherapy. With recent advances, immunotherapy now plays an important role in the treatment of advanced disease with improved outcomes as compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the effects of the immune system and how it influences the development and response to HNSCC therapy. We additionally provide a summary of immunotherapy treatments available as well as their applicable clinical trials that led to their approval. EXPERT COMMENTARY The challenges that need to be addressed in order to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy in HNSCC are the selection criteria for immune checkpoint inhibitors and the optimization of combination regimens of immunotherapeutics or chemo-immunotherapy. Furthermore, there remains to be a lack of knowledge in how to incorporate molecular biomarkers as predictors of response to HNSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manca
- a Medical Oncology Department , Campus Bio-medico University , Rome , Italy
| | - Luis E Raez
- b Memorial Cancer Institute/Florida International University , Hollywood , FL , USA
| | - Matthew Salzberg
- b Memorial Cancer Institute/Florida International University , Hollywood , FL , USA
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- c Departamento de Oncologia , Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins , Lima , Peru
| | - Brian Hunis
- b Memorial Cancer Institute/Florida International University , Hollywood , FL , USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- d Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
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58
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Li L, Lu S, Liang X, Cao B, Wang S, Jiang J, Luo H, He S, Lang J, Zhu G. γδTDEs: An Efficient Delivery System for miR-138 with Anti-tumoral and Immunostimulatory Roles on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:101-113. [PMID: 30594069 PMCID: PMC6307324 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to investigate the potential application of γδ T cell-derived extracellular vesicles (γδTDEs) as drug delivery system (DDS) for miR-138 in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our data showed that overexpression of miR-138 in γδ T cells obtained miR-138-rich γδTDEs accompanying increased expansion and cytotoxicity of γδ T cells. γδTDEs inherited the cytotoxic profile of γδ T cells and could efficiently deliver miR-138 to OSCC cells, resulting in synergetic inhibition on OSCC both in vitro and in vivo. The pre-immunization by miR-138-rich γδTDEs inhibited the growth of OSCC tumors in immunocompetent C3H mice, but not in nude mice, suggesting an immunomodulatory role by miR-13-rich γδTDEs. γδTDEs and miR-138 additively increased the proliferation, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells against OSCC cells. Only delivered by γδTDEs can miR-138 efficiently target programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and CTLA-4 in CD8+ T cells. We conclude that γδTDEs delivering miR-138 could achieve synergetic therapeutic effects on OSCC, which is benefited from the individual direct anti-tumoral effects on OSCC and immunostimulatory effects on T cells by both γδTDEs and miR-138; γδTDEs could serve as an efficient DDS for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuya He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
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59
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Yu GT, Mao L, Wu L, Deng WW, Bu LL, Liu JF, Chen L, Yang LL, Wu H, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Inhibition of SRC family kinases facilitates anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4223-4234. [PMID: 29955905 PMCID: PMC11105240 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in the establishment, development, and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As treatment with single-immune checkpoint agent results in a lower response rate in patients, it is important to investigate new strategies to maintain favorable anti-tumor immune response. Herein, the combination immunotherapeutic value of CTLA4 blockade and SFKs inhibition was assessed in transgenic HNSCC mouse model. Our present work showed that tumor growth was not entirely controlled when HNSCC model mice were administered anti-CTLA4 chemotherapeutic treatment. Moreover, it was observed that Src family kinases (SFKs) were hyper-activated and lack of anti-tumor immune responses following anti-CTLA4 chemotherapeutic treatment. We hypothesized that activation of SFKs is a mechanism of anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy resistance. We, therefore, carried out combined drug therapy using anti-CTLA4 mAbs and an SFKs' inhibitor, dasatinib. As expected, dasatinib and anti-CTLA4 synergistically inhibited tumor growth in Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mice. Furthermore, dasatinib and anti-CTLA4 combined to reduce the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Tregs, increasing the CD8+ T cell-to-Tregs ratio. We also found that combining dasatinib with anti-CTLA4 therapy significantly attenuated the expression of p-STAT3Y705 and Ki67 in tumoral environment. These results suggest that combination therapy with SFKs inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic approach to increase the efficacy of anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Dasatinib/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Tumor Microenvironment
- src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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60
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Kang SH, Keam B, Ahn YO, Park HR, Kim M, Kim TM, Kim DW, Heo DS. Inhibition of MEK with trametinib enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 inhibitor by regulating anti-tumor immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1515057. [PMID: 30546955 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1515057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I downregulation is the primary immune evasion mechanism associated with failure in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies for cancer. Here, we examined the role of MEK signaling pathway inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) both in vitro and in vivo. We found that trametinib, a small molecule inhibitor of MEK, significantly enhanced MHC class I and PD-L1 expression in human HNSCC cell lines, and this occurred via STAT3 activation. Trametinib also further upregulated the increase in CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression caused by IFN-γ in HNSCC cells, which is associated with T cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib combined with an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in vivo, using SCCVII mouse syngeneic tumor model for HNSCC. While neither PD-L1 blockade nor trametinib treatment alone affected tumor growth, the combined therapy significantly delayed tumor growth. Our results indicate that in the combined therapy trametinib increases CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor site and upregulates antigen presentation, and this may be associated with enhanced PD-L1 blockade efficacy. Furthermore, our results suggest that this combination would therapeutically benefit patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Lin AJ, Rao YJ, Chin RI, Campian J, Mullen D, Thotala D, Daly M, Gay H, Oppelt P, Hallahan D, Adkins D, Thorstad W. Post-operative radiation effects on lymphopenia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and clinical outcomes in palatine tonsil cancers. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:1-7. [PMID: 30409288 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate radiation-induced lymphopenia associated with unilateral vs. bilateral neck radiation and to test post-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic clinical biomarker. METHODS This was a single academic center retrospective review of palatine tonsil squamous cell cancer patients treated with post-operative intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) from 1997 to 2013. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and NLR were evaluated during and after radiation for up to a year. Correlations of lab values with loco-regional control (LRC), freedom from distant metastases (FFDM), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients with median follow up 5.8 years had ALC recorded at least at baseline and within one year of starting RT. Acute grade 3-4 lymphopenia (<10 weeks from RT start) occurred in 79% of bilateral neck RT patients (n = 70) and 58% of unilateral neck RT patients (n = 29), p = 0.03. There was no significant difference in late grade 3-4 (p = 0.12) lymphopenia. In a multivariable Cox regression model, acute NLR > 11.875 correlated with worse OS (HR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.2-16). Late NLR > 6.875 independently correlated with significantly worse FFDM (HR = 16, 95% CI 1.9-137) and OS (HR = 12, 95% CI 3.0-48). CONCLUSIONS Unilateral neck radiation may prevent acute iatrogenic immunosuppression. In exploratory analyses, elevated post-treatment NLR was associated with risk for distant metastases and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuan James Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Re-I Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Campian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Mullen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mackenzie Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hiram Gay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Oppelt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis Hallahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas Adkins
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wade Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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62
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Kaidar-Person O, Gil Z, Billan S. Precision medicine in head and neck cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 40:13-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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63
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Foy JP, Bertolus C, Michallet MC, Deneuve S, Incitti R, Bendriss-Vermare N, Albaret MA, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Thomas E, Colombe A, Py C, Gadot N, Michot JP, Fayette J, Viari A, Van den Eynde B, Goudot P, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Puisieux A, Caux C, Zrounba P, Lantuejoul S, Saintigny P. The immune microenvironment of HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma from never-smokers and never-drinkers patients suggests higher clinical benefit of IDO1 and PD1/PD-L1 blockade. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1934-1941. [PMID: 28460011 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Never-smokers and never-drinkers patients (NSND) suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are epidemiologically different from smokers drinkers (SD). We therefore hypothesized that they harbored distinct targetable molecular alterations. Patients and methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (discovery set), Gene Expression Omnibus and Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) (three validation sets) with available gene expression profiles of HPV-negative OSCC from NSND and SD were mined. Protein expression profiles and genomic alterations were also analyzed from TCGA, and a functional pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from 44 OSCC including 20 NSND and 24 SD treated at CLB were retrospectively collected to perform targeted-sequencing of 2559 transcripts (HTG EdgeSeq system), and CD3, CD4, CD8, IDO1, and PD-L1 expression analyses by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Enrichment of a six-gene interferon-γ signature of clinical response to pembrozulimab (PD-1 inhibitor) was evaluated in each sample from all cohorts, using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis method. Results A total of 854 genes and 29 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between NSND and SD in TCGA. Functional pathway analysis highlighted an overall enrichment for immune-related pathways in OSCC from NSND, especially involving T-cell activation. Interferon-γ response and PD1 signaling were strongly enriched in NSND. IDO1 and PD-L1 were overexpressed and the score of response to pembrolizumab was higher in NSND than in SD, although the mutational load was lower in NSND. IHC analyses in the CLB cohort evidenced IDO1 and PD-L1 overexpression in tumor cells that was associated with a higher rate of tumor-infiltrating T-cells in NSND compared with SD. Conclusion The main biological and actionable difference between OSCC from NSND and SD lies in the immune microenvironment, suggesting a higher clinical benefit of PD-L1 and IDO1 inhibition in OSCC from NSND.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Foy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard.,Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtriére Hospital, Paris
| | - C Bertolus
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtriére Hospital, Paris
| | - M-C Michallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008
| | - S Deneuve
- Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - R Incitti
- Synergie Lyon Cancer-Platform of Bioinformatics-Gilles Thomas, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - N Bendriss-Vermare
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008
| | - M-A Albaret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008.,Synergie Lyon Cancer-Platform of Bioinformatics-Gilles Thomas, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - S Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008.,Synergie Lyon Cancer-Platform of Bioinformatics-Gilles Thomas, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - E Thomas
- Synergie Lyon Cancer-Platform of Bioinformatics-Gilles Thomas, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - A Colombe
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - C Py
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - N Gadot
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - J-P Michot
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - J Fayette
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, France
| | - A Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer-Platform of Bioinformatics-Gilles Thomas, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - B Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Goudot
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtriére Hospital, Paris
| | - M Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Department of Pathology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - A Puisieux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008
| | - C Caux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008
| | - P Zrounba
- Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - S Lantuejoul
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - P Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008.,Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard.,Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, France
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Curcumin enhances anti-tumor immune response in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:32-37. [PMID: 29751146 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the role of anti-tumor immune response of curcumin on tongue squamous cell carcinama (TSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cell lines (Cal 27, FaDu) and animal model (4NQO mice model) were uesd in this study. The MTT assay was used to detecte cell proliferation. The Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to examine the protein expression. The flow cytometry was performed to determine the number of Treg and MDSC. RESULTS The expression of PD-L1 and p-STAT3Y705 were does-dependently inhibited in Fadu and Cal 27 cell line. The results of in vivo demonstrated that curcumin significantly attenuated tumor growth in 4NQO mice model. The expression of PD-L1 and p-STAT3Y705 were similarly decreased in vivo. Moreover, the anti-tumor immune response was remarkably improved after curcumin treatment through increasing CD8 positive T cells and decreasing Tregs and MDSCs. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin treatment resulted in inhibition of PD-L1 and p-STAT3Y705 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was changed after curcumin treatment. These data suggested that curcumin could effectively promote anti-tumor immune response in TSCC.
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Immuno-oncology in head and neck squamous cell cancers: News from clinical trials, emerging predictive factors and unmet needs. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 65:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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66
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Yang XH, Guo F. miR‑3147 serves as an oncomiR in vulvar squamous cell cancer via Smad4 suppression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6397-6404. [PMID: 29512734 PMCID: PMC5928616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) has increased annually over the last decade. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve an important role in tumor progression and development. Our previous microarray studies have revealed that miR-3147 was overexpressed in VSCC. However, its function and underlying mechanism in VSCC remain unknown. In the present study, it was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction that the expression of miR-3147 was markedly upregulated in VSCC tissues. The increased expression of miR-3147 was positively associated with the depth of invasion. The overexpression of miR-3147 resulted in the promotion of vulvar cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, G1/S progression and invasion-associated gene expression. miR-3147 may participate in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reduce the expressions of downstream target genes in the transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway in A431 cells. The knockdown of Smad4 by small interfering RNA promoted malignant behaviours in A431 cells. In addition, miR-3147 regulated Smad4 by directly binding to its 3′ untranslated region. In conclusion, the results indicated that miR-3147 may serve an oncogenic role in VSCC by targeting Smad4. miR-3147 may represent a novel potential therapeutic target marker for VSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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67
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Riobello C, Vivanco B, Reda S, López-Hernández A, García-Inclán C, Potes-Ares S, Cabal VN, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Programmed death ligand-1 expression as immunotherapeutic target in sinonasal cancer. Head Neck 2018; 40:818-827. [PMID: 29356178 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal cancer carries a poor prognosis, especially in recurrent stages, and it is a disease with very limited treatment options. METHODS The expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) as a marker for immunotherapy was evaluated in 53 sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 126 intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) samples. Results were correlated to clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data. RESULTS Membranous PD-L1 staining of tumor cells was observed in 34% (18/53) of the sinonasal SCC samples and in 17% (22/126) of the ITAC samples. The PD-L1 positivity on infiltrating immune cells occurred in 45% (24/53) of the sinonasal SCC samples and in 33% (41/126) of the ITAC samples. Expression of PD-L1 showed no correlation to clinicopathological parameters and was not an independent risk factor for survival. CONCLUSION The PD-L1 positivity does not seem to have prognostic value. However, a proportion of patients with sinonasal SCC and ITAC may benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors that recently have been approved for clinical application in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riobello
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Reda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Hernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Inclán
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sira Potes-Ares
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia N Cabal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Tosoni A, Franceschi E, Pasquini E, Lanese A, Donini E, Foschini MP, Dall'Olio D, Brandes AA. Immunotherapy in head and neck cancer: evidence and perspectives. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:1351-1358. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas evade immune response through multiple immunologic resistance mechanisms. Two of the most commonly involved checkpoint inhibitory mechanisms are CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, which act at earlier and later stages of immune response to tumors. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are PD-1 antibodies that interrupt the immunosuppressive pathway of inhibitory checkpoints, which are used by tumor cells to prevent immune reaction. Both recently gained US FDA approval for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer with disease progression during or following platinum containing chemotherapy. No conclusions can be drawn on the role of PD-L1 in identifying patients responding to immunotherapy, given that similar studies lead to contrasting results. It will be crucial to identify predictive markers of immunotherapy response, and to evaluate them prospectively. A better understanding of the complex network between tumor, immune system and other oncologic treatments will help us to develop more efficient multimodality treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ernesto Pasquini
- ENT Unit, Surgical Department, Bellaria Hospital, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Lanese
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Donini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical & Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) University of Bologna, Unit of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Dall'Olio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngoiatry, Maggiore Hospital, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda AUSL, Bologna, Italy
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Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, van de Vijver K, Estrada MV, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders M, Solomon B, Solinas C, Van den Eynden GGGM, Allory Y, Preusser M, Hainfellner J, Pruneri G, Vingiani A, Demaria S, Symmans F, Nuciforo P, Comerma L, Thompson EA, Lakhani S, Kim SR, Schnitt S, Colpaert C, Sotiriou C, Scherer SJ, Ignatiadis M, Badve S, Pierce RH, Viale G, Sirtaine N, Penault-Llorca F, Sugie T, Fineberg S, Paik S, Srinivasan A, Richardson A, Wang Y, Chmielik E, Brock J, Johnson DB, Balko J, Wienert S, Bossuyt V, Michiels S, Ternes N, Burchardi N, Luen SJ, Savas P, Klauschen F, Watson PH, Nelson BH, Criscitiello C, O’Toole S, Larsimont D, de Wind R, Curigliano G, André F, Lacroix-Triki M, van de Vijver M, Rojo F, Floris G, Bedri S, Sparano J, Rimm D, Nielsen T, Kos Z, Hewitt S, Singh B, Farshid G, Loibl S, Allison KH, Tung N, Adams S, Willard-Gallo K, Horlings HM, Gandhi L, Moreira A, Hirsch F, Dieci MV, Urbanowicz M, Brcic I, Korski K, Gaire F, Koeppen H, Lo A, Giltnane J, Ziai J, Rebelatto MC, Steele KE, Zha J, Emancipator K, Juco JW, Denkert C, Reis-Filho J, Loi S, Fox SB. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:311-335. [PMID: 28777143 PMCID: PMC5638696 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are evaluated and implemented in different tumor types. However, many different approaches can be used to assess and describe the immune response, which limits efforts at implementation as a routine clinical biomarker. In part 1 of this review, we have proposed a standardized methodology to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumors, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines for invasive breast carcinoma. In part 2 of this review, we discuss the available evidence for the prognostic and predictive value of TILs in common solid tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, gynecologic system, and head and neck, as well as primary brain tumors, mesothelioma and melanoma. The particularities and different emphases in TIL assessment in different tumor types are discussed. The standardized methodology we propose can be adapted to different tumor types and may be used as a standard against which other approaches can be compared. Standardization of TIL assessment will help clinicians, researchers and pathologists to conclusively evaluate the utility of this simple biomarker in the current era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory/Breast International Group, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology and TCRU, GZA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Gevaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tom John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bibhusal Thapa
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Koen van de Vijver
- Divisions of Diagnostic Oncology & Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Melinda Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert GGM Van den Eynden
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Allory
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- INSERM, UMR 955, Créteil, France
- Département de pathologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hainfellner
- Institute of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Demaria
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Molecular Oncology Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sunil Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seong-Rim Kim
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart Schnitt
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cecile Colpaert
- Department of Pathology, GZA Ziekenhuizen, Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan J. Scherer
- Academic Medical Innovation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Robert H. Pierce
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Central Laboratory and Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Sirtaine
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University of Auvergne UMR1240, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tomohagu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical School, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Operations Center/NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Providence, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Gliwice, Poland
- Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jane Brock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Justin Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- VMscope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veerle Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nils Ternes
- Service de Biostatistique et d’Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, Inserm U1018, Université-Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Stephen J. Luen
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Savas
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter H. Watson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sandra O’Toole
- The Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Australian Clinical Labs, Bella Vista, Australia
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland de Wind
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- INSERM Unit U981, and Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark van de Vijver
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shahinaz Bedri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph Sparano
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Centre, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - David Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Torsten Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Centre, New York, USA
| | - Gelareh Farshid
- Directorate of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Nadine Tung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Sylvia Adams
- New York University Medical School, New York, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Gandhi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Andre Moreira
- Pulmonary Pathology, New York University Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Fred Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Urbanowicz
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Konstanty Korski
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Gaire
- Pathology and Tissue Analytics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Amy Lo
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - James Ziai
- Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Jiping Zha
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersberg, USA
| | | | | | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Palisoul ML, Mullen MM, Feldman R, Thaker PH. Identification of molecular targets in vulvar cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 146:305-313. [PMID: 28536037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify molecular alterations that contribute to vulvar cancer pathogenesis with the intent of identifying molecular targets for treatment. METHODS After retrospective analysis of a database of molecularly-profiled gynecologic cancer patients, 149 vulvar cancer patients were included and tested centrally at a CLIA laboratory (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Tests included one or more of the following: gene sequencing (Sanger or next generation sequencing [NGS]), protein expression (immunohistochemistry [IHC]), and gene amplification (C/FISH). A Fisher's exact test was used when indicated with a p-value≤0.05 indicating significance. RESULTS Median age was 65. 85% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 15% adenocarcinoma (ADC) histologies. 46% had metastatic (Stage IV) disease. Targeted hot-spot sequencing identified variants in the following genes: TP53 (33%), PIK3CA/BRCA2 (8%, 10%, respectively), HRAS/FBXW7 (5%, 4%, respectively) and ERBB4/GNAS (3%, 3% respectively). Mutations in AKT1, ATM, FGFR2, KRAS, NRAS (n=1, respectively) and BRAF (n=2) also occurred. Specific protein changes for targetable genes included clinically pathogenic mutations commonly found in other cancers (e.g. PIK3CA: exon 9 [E545K], RAS: G13D, Q61L, BRCA2: S1667X, BRAF: R443T, FBXW7: E471fs, etc.). Drug targets identified by IHC and ISH methodologies include cMET (32% IHC, 2% ISH), PDL1 (18%), PTEN loss (56%), HER2 (4% IHC, 2% ISH) and hormone receptors (AR, 4%; ER, 11%; PR, 4%). Comparisons between SCC and ADC identified differential rates for AR, ER, HER2 and GNAS with an increased presence in ADC (p-values all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Molecularly-guided precision medicine could provide vulvar cancer patients alternative, targeted treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite L Palisoul
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mary M Mullen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca Feldman
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Carolinas HealthCare System, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, United States.
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Streeter OE, Beron PJ, Iyer PN. Precision Medicine: Genomic Profiles to Individualize Therapy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2017; 50:765-773. [PMID: 28527522 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is the application of genotypic and Omics biomarkers to determine the most appropriate, outcome-driven therapy for individual patients. To determine the best choice of therapy, institutions use significant information technology-enabled data from imaging, electronic medical records, sensors in the clinic/hospitals, and wearable sensors to determine treatment response. With genomic profiling, targets to affect a disease course are continuing to be developed. As clonal mutational prevalence continues to be understood, information can be communicated to patients to inform them that resistance is common, requiring collection of more genetic mutations from patients with further biopsies or blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Streeter
- The Center for Thermal Oncology, 2001 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 1190, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
| | - Phillip J Beron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCLA Health System, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Linedale R, Schmidt C, King BT, Ganko AG, Simpson F, Panizza BJ, Leggatt GR. Elevated frequencies of CD8 T cells expressing PD-1, CTLA-4 and Tim-3 within tumour from perineural squamous cell carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175755. [PMID: 28423034 PMCID: PMC5396892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural spread of tumour cells along cranial nerves is a severe complication of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. While surgical excision of the tumour is the treatment of choice, removal of all the tumour is often complicated by the neural location and recurrence is frequent. Non-invasive immune treatments such as checkpoint inhibitor blockade may be useful in this set of tumours although little is understood about the immune response to perineural spread of squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry studies suggest that perineural tumour contains a lymphocyte infiltrate but it is difficult to quantitate the different proportions of immune cell subsets and expression of checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4. Using flow cytometry of excised perineural tumour tissue, we show that a T cell infiltrate is prominent in addition to less frequent B cell, NK cell and NKT cell infiltrates. CD8 T cells are more frequent than other T cells in the tumour tissue. Amongst CD8 T cells, the frequency of Tim-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 expressing cells was significantly greater in the tumour relative to the blood, a pattern that was repeated for Tim-3, CTLA-4 and PD-1 amongst non-CD8 T cells. Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1 and PD-L1-expression could be detected in close proximity amongst perineural tumour tissue. The data suggest that perineural SCC contains a mixture of immune cells with a predominant T cell infiltrate containing CD8 T cells. Elevated frequencies of tumour-associated Tim-3+, CTLA-4+ and PD-1+ CD8 T cells suggests that a subset of patients may benefit from local antibody blockade of these checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Linedale
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Campbell Schmidt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brigid T King
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annabelle G Ganko
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benedict J Panizza
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Podolsky MA, Bailey JT, Gunderson AJ, Oakes CJ, Breech K, Glick AB. Differentiated State of Initiating Tumor Cells Is Key to Distinctive Immune Responses Seen in H-Ras G12V-Induced Squamous Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:198-210. [PMID: 28137717 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in tumor immune responses is a poorly understood yet critical parameter for successful immunotherapy. In two doxycycline-inducible models where oncogenic H-RasG12V is targeted either to the epidermal basal/stem cell layer with a Keratin14-rtTA transgene (K14Ras), or committed progenitor/suprabasal cells with an Involucrin-tTA transgene (InvRas), we observed strikingly distinct tumor immune responses. On threshold doxycycline levels yielding similar Ras expression, tumor latency, and numbers, tumors from K14Ras mice had an immunosuppressed microenvironment, whereas InvRas tumors had a proinflammatory microenvironment. On a Rag1-/- background, InvRas mice developed fewer and smaller tumors that regressed over time, whereas K14Ras mice developed more tumors with shorter latency than Rag1+/+ controls. Adoptive transfer and depletion studies revealed that B-cell and CD4 T-cell cooperation was critical for tumor yield, lymphocyte polarization, and tumor immune phenotype in Rag1+/+ mice of both models. Coculture of tumor-conditioned B cells with CD4 T cells implicated direct contact for Th1 and regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization, and CD40-CD40L for Th1, Th2, and Treg generation, a response not observed from splenic B cells. Anti-CD40L caused regression of InvRas tumors but enhanced growth in K14Ras, whereas a CD40 agonist mAb had opposite effects in each tumor model. These data show that position of tumor-initiating cells within a stratified squamous epithelial tissue provokes distinct B- and CD4 T-cell interactions, which establish unique tumor microenvironments that regulate tumor development and response to immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(3); 198-210. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Podolsky
- The Pennsylvania State University, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob T Bailey
- The Pennsylvania State University, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, State College, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Carrie J Oakes
- The Pennsylvania State University, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle Breech
- The Pennsylvania State University, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam B Glick
- The Pennsylvania State University, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, State College, Pennsylvania.
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