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Le Roux JJ, Mavengere NR, Ellis AG. The structure of legume-rhizobium interaction networks and their response to tree invasions. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw038. [PMID: 27255514 PMCID: PMC4940501 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Establishing mutualistic interactions in novel environments is important for the successful establishment of some non-native plant species. These associations may, in turn, impact native species interaction networks as non-natives become dominant in their new environments. Using phylogenetic and ecological interaction network approaches we provide the first report of the structure of belowground legume-rhizobium interaction networks and how they change along a gradient of invasion (uninvaded, semi invaded and heavily invaded sites) by Australian Acacia species in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region. We found that native and invasive legumes interact with distinct rhizobial lineages, most likely due to phylogenetic uniqueness of native and invasive host plants. Moreover, legume-rhizobium interaction networks are not nested, but significantly modular with high levels of specialization possibly as a result of legume-rhizobium co-evolution. Although network topology remained constant across the invasion gradient, composition of bacterial communities associated with native legumes changed dramatically as acacias increasingly dominated the landscape. In stark contrast to aboveground interaction networks (e.g. pollination and seed dispersal) we show that invasive legumes do not infiltrate existing native legume-rhizobium networks but rather form novel modules. This absence of mutualist overlap between native and invasive legumes suggests the importance of co-invading rhizobium-acacia species complexes for Acacia invasion success, and argues against a ubiquitous role for the formation and evolutionary refinement of novel interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Natasha R Mavengere
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Allan G Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Remigi P, Zhu J, Young JPW, Masson-Boivin C. Symbiosis within Symbiosis: Evolving Nitrogen-Fixing Legume Symbionts. Trends Microbiol 2015; 24:63-75. [PMID: 26612499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial accessory genes are genomic symbionts with an evolutionary history and future that is different from that of their hosts. Packages of accessory genes move from strain to strain and confer important adaptations, such as interaction with eukaryotes. The ability to fix nitrogen with legumes is a remarkable example of a complex trait spread by horizontal transfer of a few key symbiotic genes, converting soil bacteria into legume symbionts. Rhizobia belong to hundreds of species restricted to a dozen genera of the Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, suggesting infrequent successful transfer between genera but frequent successful transfer within genera. Here we review the genetic and environmental conditions and selective forces that have shaped evolution of this complex symbiotic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Remigi
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France; New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Peter W Young
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Catherine Masson-Boivin
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Parker MA. A single sym plasmid type predominates across diverse chromosomal lineages of Cupriavidus nodule symbionts. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:417-23. [PMID: 26159623 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cupriavidus nodule symbionts from Mimosa host legumes indigenous to five locations around the Caribbean region were analyzed by sequencing portions of five chromosomal housekeeping loci and five sym plasmid loci in 80 isolates. Nodule symbionts did not form a single clade separated from non-symbiotic reference strains of Cupriavidus and Ralstonia, implying that either convergent losses or independent gains of the trait of legume symbiosis have taken place. Chromosomal genes exhibited significantly higher nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype diversity than sym plasmid loci. A single derived sym plasmid haplotype (A1) was found to predominate in four of the populations, and was shared by multiple housekeeping gene clades. This suggests that one sym plasmid variant has recently spread geographically and has been acquired by diverse chromosomal lineages within the region. Inoculation of two Mimosa host species indicated that strains carrying the predominant A1 haplotype ranked either first or second among the five major sym plasmid haplotype groups with respect to plant growth enhancement. Symbiotic outcomes also varied greatly among chromosomally diverse strains that all shared the A1 haplotype. Thus, chromosomal as well as sym plasmid variants likely contribute to differential interactions with Mimosa host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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Kumar Ghosh P, Kumar Sen S, Kanti Maiti T. Production and metabolism of IAA by Enterobacter spp. (Gammaproteobacteria) isolated from root nodules of a legume Abrus precatorius L. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ganaie SU, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using an Otherwise Worthless Weed Mimosa (Mimosa pudica): Feasibility and Process Development Toward Shape/Size Control. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2015.1016644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Assessing chemical constituents of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia stem bark: possible bioactive components accountable for the cytotoxic effect of M. caesalpiniifolia on human tumour cell lines. Molecules 2015; 20:4204-24. [PMID: 25751783 PMCID: PMC6272184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia is a native plant of the Brazilian northeast, and few studies have investigated its chemical composition and biological significance. This work describes the identification of the first chemical constituents in the ethanolic extract and fractions of M. caesalpiniifolia stem bark based on NMR, GC-qMS and HRMS analyses, as well as an assessment of their cytotoxic activity. GC-qMS analysis showed fatty acid derivatives, triterpenes and steroid substances and confirmed the identity of the chemical compounds isolated from the hexane fraction. Metabolite biodiversity in M. caesalpiniifolia stem bark revealed the differentiated accumulation of pentacyclic triterpenic acids, with a high content of betulinic acid and minor amounts of 3-oxo and 3β-acetoxy derivatives. Bioactive analysis based on total phenolic and flavonoid content showed a high amount of these compounds in the ethanolic extract, and ESI-(-)-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS identified caffeoyl hexose at high intensity, as well as the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Furthermore, the evaluation of the ethanolic extract and fractions, including betulinic acid, against colon (HCT-116), ovarian (OVCAR-8) and glioblastoma (SF-295) tumour cell lines showed that the crude extract, hexane and dichloromethane fractions possessed moderate to high inhibitory activity, which may be related to the abundance of betulinic acid. The phytochemical and biological study of M. caesalpiniifolia stem bark thus revealed a new alternative source of antitumour compounds, possibly made effective by the presence of betulinic acid and by chemical co-synergism with other compounds.
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Lemaire B, Dlodlo O, Chimphango S, Stirton C, Schrire B, Boatwright JS, Honnay O, Smets E, Sprent J, James EK, Muasya AM. Symbiotic diversity, specificity and distribution of rhizobia in native legumes of the Core Cape Subregion (South Africa). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 91:1-17. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Marchetti M, Jauneau A, Capela D, Remigi P, Gris C, Batut J, Masson-Boivin C. Shaping bacterial symbiosis with legumes by experimental evolution. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:956-964. [PMID: 25105803 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-14-0083-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes have appeared after the emergence of legumes on earth, approximately 70 to 130 million years ago. Since then, symbiotic proficiency has spread to distant genera of α- and β-proteobacteria, via horizontal transfer of essential symbiotic genes and subsequent recipient genome remodeling under plant selection pressure. To tentatively replay rhizobium evolution in laboratory conditions, we previously transferred the symbiotic plasmid of the Mimosa symbiont Cupriavidus taiwanensis in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and selected spontaneous nodulating variants of the chimeric Ralstonia sp. using Mimosa pudica as a trap. Here, we pursued the evolution experiment by submitting two of the rhizobial drafts to serial ex planta-in planta (M. pudica) passages that may mimic alternating of saprophytic and symbiotic lives of rhizobia. Phenotyping 16 cycle-evolved clones showed strong and parallel evolution of several symbiotic traits (i.e., nodulation competitiveness, intracellular infection, and bacteroid persistence). Simultaneously, plant defense reactions decreased within nodules, suggesting that the expression of symbiotic competence requires the capacity to limit plant immunity. Nitrogen fixation was not acquired in the frame of this evolutionarily short experiment, likely due to the still poor persistence of final clones within nodules compared with the reference rhizobium C. taiwanensis. Our results highlight the potential of experimental evolution in improving symbiotic proficiency and for the elucidation of relationship between symbiotic capacities and elicitation of immune responses.
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Rogel MA, Bustos P, Santamaría RI, González V, Romero D, Cevallos MÁ, Lozano L, Castro-Mondragón J, Martínez-Romero J, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Martínez-Romero E. Genomic basis of symbiovar mimosae in Rhizobium etli. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:575. [PMID: 25005495 PMCID: PMC4125696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symbiosis genes (nod and nif) involved in nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legumes are plasmid-borne in Rhizobium. Rhizobial symbiotic variants (symbiovars) with distinct host specificity would depend on the type of symbiosis plasmid. In Rhizobium etli or in Rhizobium phaseoli, symbiovar phaseoli strains have the capacity to form nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris while symbiovar mimosae confers a broad host range including different mimosa trees. Results We report on the genome of R. etli symbiovar mimosae strain Mim1 and its comparison to that from R. etli symbiovar phaseoli strain CFN42. Differences were found in plasmids especially in the symbiosis plasmid, not only in nod gene sequences but in nod gene content. Differences in Nod factors deduced from the presence of nod genes, in secretion systems or ACC-deaminase could help explain the distinct host specificity. Genes involved in P. vulgaris exudate uptake were not found in symbiovar mimosae but hup genes (involved in hydrogen uptake) were found. Plasmid pRetCFN42a was partially contained in Mim1 and a plasmid (pRetMim1c) was found only in Mim1. Chromids were well conserved. Conclusions The genomic differences between the two symbiovars, mimosae and phaseoli may explain different host specificity. With the genomic analysis presented, the term symbiovar is validated. Furthermore, our data support that the generalist symbiovar mimosae may be older than the specialist symbiovar phaseoli. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-575) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Moulin L, Klonowska A, Caroline B, Booth K, Vriezen JA, Melkonian R, James EK, Young JPW, Bena G, Hauser L, Land M, Kyrpides N, Bruce D, Chain P, Copeland A, Pitluck S, Woyke T, Lizotte-Waniewski M, Bristow J, Riley M. Complete Genome sequence of Burkholderia phymatum STM815(T), a broad host range and efficient nitrogen-fixing symbiont of Mimosa species. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:763-74. [PMID: 25197461 PMCID: PMC4148976 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.4861021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia phymatum is a soil bacterium able to develop a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with species of the legume genus Mimosa, and is frequently found associated specifically with Mimosa pudica. The type strain of the species, STM 815(T), was isolated from a root nodule in French Guiana in 2000. The strain is an aerobic, motile, non-spore forming, Gram-negative rod, and is a highly competitive strain for nodulation compared to other Mimosa symbionts, as it also nodulates a broad range of other legume genera and species. The 8,676,562 bp genome is composed of two chromosomes (3,479,187 and 2,697,374 bp), a megaplasmid (1,904,893 bp) and a plasmid hosting the symbiotic functions (595,108 bp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Moulin
- IRD, UMR-LSTM, Campus de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier cedex 5; France
| | | | - Bournaud Caroline
- IRD, UMR-LSTM, Campus de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier cedex 5; France
| | | | | | - Rémy Melkonian
- IRD, UMR-LSTM, Campus de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier cedex 5; France
| | | | | | - Gilles Bena
- IRD, UMR-LSTM, Campus de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier cedex 5; France
| | - Loren Hauser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Miriam Land
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - David Bruce
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Sam Pitluck
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - Jim Bristow
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Tak N, Gehlot HS, Kaushik M, Choudhary S, Tiwari R, Tian R, Hill Y, Bräu L, Goodwin L, Han J, Liolios K, Huntemann M, Palaniappan K, Pati A, Mavromatis K, Ivanova N, Markowitz V, Woyke T, Kyrpides N, Reeve W. Genome sequence of Ensifer sp. TW10; a Tephrosia wallichii (Biyani) microsymbiont native to the Indian Thar Desert. Stand Genomic Sci 2013; 9:304-14. [PMID: 24976887 PMCID: PMC4062627 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.4598281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensifer sp. TW10 is a novel N2-fixing bacterium isolated from a root nodule of the perennial legume Tephrosia wallichii Graham (known locally as Biyani) found in the Great Indian (or Thar) desert, a large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Strain TW10 is a Gram-negative, rod shaped, aerobic, motile, non-spore forming, species of root nodule bacteria (RNB) that promiscuously nodulates legumes in Thar Desert alkaline soil. It is fast growing, acid-producing, and tolerates up to 2% NaCl and capable of growth at 40oC. In this report we describe for the first time the primary features of this Thar Desert soil saprophyte together with genome sequence information and annotation. The 6,802,256 bp genome has a GC content of 62% and is arranged into 57 scaffolds containing 6,470 protein-coding genes, 73 RNA genes and a single rRNA operon. This genome is one of 100 RNB genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tak
- BNF and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botany, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Hukam S Gehlot
- BNF and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botany, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Muskan Kaushik
- BNF and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botany, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sunil Choudhary
- BNF and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Botany, JNV University, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ravi Tiwari
- Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rui Tian
- Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yvette Hill
- Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lambert Bräu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynne Goodwin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - James Han
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | | | | | - Krishna Palaniappan
- Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Amrita Pati
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | | | | | - Victor Markowitz
- Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | - Nikos Kyrpides
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | - Wayne Reeve
- Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
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Melkonian R, Moulin L, Béna G, Tisseyre P, Chaintreuil C, Heulin K, Rezkallah N, Klonowska A, Gonzalez S, Simon M, Chen WM, James EK, Laguerre G. The geographical patterns of symbiont diversity in the invasive legume Mimosa pudica can be explained by the competitiveness of its symbionts and by the host genotype. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:2099-111. [PMID: 24131520 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the patterns of diversity of symbionts have been described worldwide on Mimosa pudica, a pan-tropical invasive species that interacts with both α and β-rhizobia. In this study, we investigated if symbiont competitiveness can explain these variations and the apparent prevalence of β- over α-rhizobia. We developed an indirect method to measure the proportion of nodulation against a GFP reference strain and tested its reproducibility and efficiency. We estimated the competitiveness of 54 strains belonging to four species of β-rhizobia and four of α-rhizobia, and the influence of the host genotype on their competitiveness. Our results were compared with biogeographical patterns of symbionts and host varieties. We found: (i) a strong strain effect on competitiveness largely explained by the rhizobial species, with Burkholderia phymatum being the most competitive species, followed by B. tuberum, whereas all other species shared similar and reduced levels of competitiveness; (ii) plant genotype can increase the competitiveness of Cupriavidus taiwanensis. The latter data support the likelihood of the strong adaptation of C. taiwanensis with the M. pudica var. unijuga and help explain its prevalence as a symbiont of this variety over Burkholderia species in some environments, most notably in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Melkonian
- IRD, UMR LSTM, Campus de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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