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Byrne S, Dlamini N, Lumsden D, Pitt M, Zaharieva I, Muntoni F, King A, Robert L, Jungbluth H. SIL1-related Marinesco-Sjoegren syndrome (MSS) with associated motor neuronopathy and bradykinetic movement disorder. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:585-8. [PMID: 25958341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjoegren syndrome (MSS) is a recessively inherited multisystem disorder caused by mutations in SIL1 and characterized by cerebellar atrophy with ataxia, cataracts, a skeletal muscle myopathy, and variable degrees of developmental delay. Pathogenic mechanisms implicated to date include mitochondrial, nuclear envelope and lysosomal-autophagic pathway abnormalities. Here we present a 5-year-old girl with SIL1-related MSS and additional unusual features of an associated motor neuronopathy and a bradykinetic movement disorder preceding the onset of ataxia. These findings suggest that an associated motor neuronopathy may be part of the phenotypical spectrum of SIL1-related MSS and should be actively investigated in genetically confirmed cases. The additional observation of a bradykinetic movement disorder suggests an intriguing continuum between neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative multisystem disorders intricately linked in the same cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Byrne
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Lumsden
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Pitt
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Irina Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Department of Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Leema Robert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, King's College, London, UK; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Division, IoPPN, King's College, London, UK.
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Behnke J, Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. BiP and its nucleotide exchange factors Grp170 and Sil1: mechanisms of action and biological functions. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1589-608. [PMID: 25698114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orthologue of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones and is intricately involved in most functions of this organelle through its interactions with a variety of substrates and regulatory proteins. Like all Hsp70 family members, the ability of BiP to bind and release unfolded proteins is tightly regulated by a cycle of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and nucleotide exchange. As a characteristic of the Hsp70 family, multiple DnaJ-like co-factors can target substrates to BiP and stimulate its ATPase activity to stabilize the binding of BiP to substrates. However, only in the past decade have nucleotide exchange factors for BiP been identified, which has shed light not only on the mechanism of BiP-assisted folding in the ER but also on Hsp70 family members that reside throughout the cell. We will review the current understanding of the ATPase cycle of BiP in the unique environment of the ER and how it is regulated by the nucleotide exchange factors, Grp170 (glucose-regulated protein of 170kDa) and Sil1, both of which perform unanticipated roles in various biological functions and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Behnke
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Jauhari P, Sahu JK, Roos A, Senderek J, Vyas S, Singhi P. SIL1-negative Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome: First report of two sibs from India. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015; 9:291-2. [PMID: 25624944 PMCID: PMC4302561 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.147597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Jauhari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra K Sahu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sameer Vyas
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Filézac de L'Etang A, Maharjan N, Cordeiro Braña M, Ruegsegger C, Rehmann R, Goswami A, Roos A, Troost D, Schneider BL, Weis J, Saxena S. Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome protein SIL1 regulates motor neuron subtype-selective ER stress in ALS. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:227-38. [PMID: 25559081 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying motor neuron subtype-selective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and associated axonal pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain unclear. Here we show that the molecular environment of the ER between motor neuron subtypes is distinct, with characteristic signatures. We identify cochaperone SIL1, mutated in Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), as being robustly expressed in disease-resistant slow motor neurons but not in ER stress-prone fast-fatigable motor neurons. In a mouse model of MSS, we demonstrate impaired ER homeostasis in motor neurons in response to loss of SIL1 function. Loss of a single functional Sil1 allele in an ALS mouse model (SOD1-G93A) enhanced ER stress and exacerbated ALS pathology. In SOD1-G93A mice, SIL1 levels were progressively and selectively reduced in vulnerable fast-fatigable motor neurons. Mechanistically, reduction in SIL1 levels was associated with lowered excitability of fast-fatigable motor neurons, further influencing expression of specific ER chaperones. Adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of SIL1 to familial ALS motor neurons restored ER homeostasis, delayed muscle denervation and prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Filézac de L'Etang
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [2] Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niran Maharjan
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [2] Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Céline Ruegsegger
- 1] Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [2] Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Rehmann
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anand Goswami
- Institute of Neuropathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Troost
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smita Saxena
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Synofzik M, Haack T, Kopajtich R, Gorza M, Rapaport D, Greiner M, Schönfeld C, Freiberg C, Schorr S, Holl R, Gonzalez M, Fritsche A, Fallier-Becker P, Zimmermann R, Strom T, Meitinger T, Züchner S, Schüle R, Schöls L, Prokisch H. Absence of BiP co-chaperone DNAJC3 causes diabetes mellitus and multisystemic neurodegeneration. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:689-97. [PMID: 25466870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration are common diseases for which shared genetic factors are still only partly known. Here, we show that loss of the BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) co-chaperone DNAJC3 leads to diabetes mellitus and widespread neurodegeneration. We investigated three siblings with juvenile-onset diabetes and central and peripheral neurodegeneration, including ataxia, upper-motor-neuron damage, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, and cerebral atrophy. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous stop mutation in DNAJC3. Screening of a diabetes database with 226,194 individuals yielded eight phenotypically similar individuals and one family carrying a homozygous DNAJC3 deletion. DNAJC3 was absent in fibroblasts from all affected subjects in both families. To delineate the phenotypic and mutational spectrum and the genetic variability of DNAJC3, we analyzed 8,603 exomes, including 506 from families affected by diabetes, ataxia, upper-motor-neuron damage, peripheral neuropathy, or hearing loss. This analysis revealed only one further loss-of-function allele in DNAJC3 and no further associations in subjects with only a subset of the features of the main phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that loss-of-function DNAJC3 mutations lead to a monogenic, recessive form of diabetes mellitus in humans. Moreover, they present a common denominator for diabetes and widespread neurodegeneration. This complements findings from mice in which knockout of Dnajc3 leads to diabetes and modifies disease in a neurodegenerative model of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome.
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Ichhaporia VP, Sanford T, Howes J, Marion TN, Hendershot LM. Sil1, a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, is not required for antibody assembly or secretion. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:420-9. [PMID: 25473114 PMCID: PMC4310734 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sil1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the ER chaperone BiP, and mutations in this gene lead to Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome, a multisystem disorder. Effects of loss of Sil1 on biosynthesis and secretion of antibodies, a well-characterized BiP client, are determined in a mouse model for this disease and patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. Sil1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, and mutations in this gene lead to Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome (MSS), a debilitating autosomal recessive disease characterized by multisystem defects. A mouse model for MSS was previously produced by disrupting Sil1 using gene-trap methodology. The resulting Sil1Gt mouse phenocopies several pathologies associated with MSS, although its ability to assemble and secrete antibodies, the best-characterized substrate of BiP, has not been investigated. In vivo antigen-specific immunizations and ex vivo LPS stimulation of splenic B cells revealed that the Sil1Gt mouse was indistinguishable from wild-type age-matched controls in terms of both the kinetics and magnitude of antigen-specific antibody responses. There was no significant accumulation of BiP-associated Ig assembly intermediates or evidence that another molecular chaperone system was used for antibody production in the LPS-stimulated splenic B cells from Sil1Gt mice. ER chaperones were expressed at the same level in Sil1WT and Sil1Gt mice, indicating that there was no evident compensation for the disruption of Sil1. Finally, these results were confirmed and extended in three human EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from individuals with MSS, leading us to conclude that the BiP cofactor Sil1 is dispensable for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj P Ichhaporia
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Tyler Sanford
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Jenny Howes
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Tony N Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105;
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Roos A, Buchkremer S, Kollipara L, Labisch T, Gatz C, Zitzelsberger M, Brauers E, Nolte K, Schröder JM, Kirschner J, Jesse CM, Goebel HH, Goswami A, Zimmermann R, Zahedi RP, Senderek J, Weis J. Myopathy in Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome links endoplasmic reticulum chaperone dysfunction to nuclear envelope pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:761-77. [PMID: 24362440 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) features cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, cataracts, and progressive vacuolar myopathy with peculiar myonuclear alterations. Most MSS patients carry homozygous or compound heterozygous SIL1 mutations. SIL1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone BiP which controls a plethora of essential processes in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study we made use of the spontaneous Sil1 mouse mutant woozy to explore pathomechanisms leading to Sil1 deficiency-related skeletal muscle pathology. We found severe, progressive myopathy characterized by alterations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, mitochondrial changes, and prominent myonuclear pathology including nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina alterations. These abnormalities were remarkably similar to the myopathy in human patients with MSS. In particular, the presence of perinuclear membranous structures which have been reported as an ultrastructural hallmark of MSS-related myopathy could be confirmed in woozy muscles. We found that these structures are derived from the nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina and associate with proliferations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In line with impaired function of BiP secondary to loss of its nucleotide exchange factor Sil1, we observed activation of the unfolded protein response and the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation-pathway. Despite initiation of the autophagy-lysosomal system, autophagic clearance was found ineffective which is in agreement with the formation of autophagic vacuoles. This report identifies woozy muscle as a faithful phenocopy of the MSS myopathy. Moreover, we provide a link between two well-established disease mechanisms in skeletal muscle, dysfunction of chaperones and nuclear envelope pathology.
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Goto M, Okada M, Komaki H, Sugai K, Sasaki M, Noguchi S, Nonaka I, Nishino I, Hayashi YK. A nationwide survey on Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome in Japan. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:58. [PMID: 24755310 PMCID: PMC4021608 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by the tetralogy of cerebellar ataxia, congenital cataracts, intellectual disability, and progressive muscle weakness due to myopathy. MSS is extremely rare, and its clinical, pathological, and genetic features are not yet fully understood. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, questionnaire-based survey on MSS in Japan and carefully reviewed the medical records of 36 patients suspected of having this disease. In addition, pathological examinations of muscles, sequence and haplotype analysis in SIL1 were performed. RESULTS The patients had been examined between the ages of 2 and 52 years. Delayed psychomotor development and cataracts from early childhood were observed in all patients, whereas no life-threatening events were observed. Mutations in SIL1 were identified in 24 of the 27 patients tested, and 43 of the 48 chromosomes possessed the SIL1 c.936dupG (p.Leu313fs) mutation. The haplotype analysis revealed that 31 of the 32 chromosomes (96.9%) with the c.936dupG mutation had the same haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The results of haplotype analysis suggested the presence of a founder effect. The clinical features of patients without SIL1 mutations were indistinguishable from those with SIL1 mutations, suggesting the genetic heterogeneity of MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukiko K Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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Millichap JG, Millichap JJ. Marinesco-Sjogren Syndrome and SIL1 Mutations. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 2014. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-28-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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