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Kandregula CAB, Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Bentley GT, Kandasamy R. Alpha-1 antitrypsin: Associated diseases and therapeutic uses. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 459:109-116. [PMID: 27259467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaya A Babu Kandregula
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical & Allied Industries, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - G Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical & Allied Industries, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Gary T Bentley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical & Allied Industries, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India.
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Identification of GlcNAcylated alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as an early biomarker in human non-small-cell lung cancer by quantitative proteomic analysis with two lectins. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:532-44. [PMID: 26908325 PMCID: PMC4782198 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer with high mortality rates in worldwide. There is a need to identify better biomarkers to detect NSCLC at an early stage as this will improve therapeutic effect and patient survival rates. Methods: Two lectins (AAL/AAGL and AAL2/AANL), which specifically bind to tumour-related glycan antigens, were first used to enrich serum glycoproteins from the serum of early NSCLC patients, benign lung diseases subjects and healthy individuals. The samples were investigated by using iTRAQ labelling and LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 53 differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics and four glycoproteins (AACT, AGP1, CFB and HPX) were selected for further verification by western blotting. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed AACT was the best candidate for early NSCLC diagnosis of the four proteins, with 94.1% sensitivity in distinguishing early tumour Stage (IA+IB) from tumour-free samples (healthy and benign samples, HB). The GlcNAcylated AACT was further detected by lectin-based ELISA and has better advantage in clinical application than total AACT. The GlcNAcylated AACT can effectively differentiate Stage I from HB samples with an AUC of 0.908 and 90.9% sensitivity at a specificity of 86.2%. A combination of GlcNAcylated AACT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was able to effectively differing Stage I from HB samples (AUC=0.914), which significantly improve the specificity of CEA. The combination application also has the better clinical diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing cancer (NSCLC) from HB samples than CEA or GlcNAcylated AACT used alone, and yielded an AUC of 0.817 with 93.1% specificity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GlcNAcylated AACT will be a promising clinical biomarker in diagnosis of early NSCLC.
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Clinical diagnostics and therapy monitoring in the congenital disorders of glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:345-58. [PMID: 26739145 PMCID: PMC4891361 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein glycosylation is observed in many common disorders like cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. However, the actual use of this information in clinical diagnostics is still very limited. Information is usually derived from analysis of total serum N-glycan profiling methods, whereas the current use of glycoprotein biomarkers in the clinical setting is commonly based on protein levels. It can be envisioned that combining protein levels and their glycan isoforms would increase specificity for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring. To establish diagnostic assays, based on the mass spectrometric analysis of protein-specific glycosylation abnormalities, still many technical improvements have to be made. In addition, clinical validation is equally important as well as an understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that determine the protein-specific glycosylation abnormalities. Important lessons can be learned from the group of monogenic disorders in the glycosylation pathway, the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Now that more and more genetic defects are being unraveled, we start to learn how genetic factors influence glycomics profiles of individual and total serum proteins. Although only in its initial stages, such studies suggest the importance to establish diagnostic assays for protein-specific glycosylation profiling, and the need to look beyond the single glycoprotein diagnostic test. Here, we review progress in and lessons from genetic disease, and review the increasing opportunities of mass spectrometry to analyze protein glycosylation in the clinical diagnostic setting. Furthermore, we will discuss the possibilities to expand current CDG diagnostics and how this can be used to approach glycoprotein biomarkers for more common diseases.
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Arnal-Estapé A, Nguyen DX. Sweets for a bitter end: lung cancer cell-surface protein glycosylation mediates metastatic colonization. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:109-11. [PMID: 25656895 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most predominant forms of cell-surface protein modifications, yet its deregulation in cancer and contribution to tumor microenvironment interactions remain poorly understood. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Reticker-Flynn and Bhatia characterize an enzymatic switch in lung cancer cells that triggers aberrant surface protein glycosylation patterns, adhesion to lectins on the surface of inflammatory cells, and subsequent metastatic colonization of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Thomas SN, Harlan R, Chen J, Aiyetan P, Liu Y, Sokoll LJ, Aebersold R, Chan DW, Zhang H. Multiplexed Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for the Quantification of N-Linked Glycosite-Containing Peptides in Serum. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10830-8. [PMID: 26451657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications, and the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins has the potential to reveal biological functions and their association with disease. However, the high throughput accurate quantification of glycoproteins is technically challenging due to the scarcity of robust assays to detect and quantify glycoproteins. Here we describe the development of multiplexed targeted MS assays to quantify N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in serum using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Each assay was characterized by its performance metrics and criteria established by the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (NCI CPTAC) to facilitate the widespread adoption of the assays in studies designed to confidently detect changes in the relative abundance of these analytes. An in-house developed software program, MRMPlus, was used to compute assay performance parameters including specificity, precision, and repeatability. We show that 43 selected N-linked glycosite-containing peptides identified in prostate cancer tissue studies carried out in our group were detected in the sera of prostate cancer patients within the quantitative range of the developed PRM assays. A total of 41 of these formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides (corresponding to 37 proteins) were reproducibly quantified based on their relative peak area ratios in human serum during PRM assay development, with 4 proteins showing differential significance in serum from nonaggressive (NAG) vs aggressive (AG) prostate cancer patient serum (n = 50, NAG vs AG). The data demonstrate that the assays can be used for the high throughput and reproducible quantification of a panel of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides. The developed assays can also be used for the quantification of formerly N-linked glycosite-containing peptides in human serum irrespective of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Robert Harlan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Paul Aiyetan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII Room 3M03, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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Glycosylation-Based Serum Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:490531. [PMID: 26509158 PMCID: PMC4609776 DOI: 10.1155/2015/490531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries with approximately 14 million newly diagnosed individuals and over 6 million cancer-related deaths in 2012. Many cancers are discovered at a more advanced stage but better survival rates are correlated with earlier detection. Current clinically approved cancer biomarkers are most effective when applied to patients with widespread cancer. Single biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity have not been identified for the most common cancers and some biomarkers are ineffective for the detection of early stage cancers. Thus, novel biomarkers with better diagnostic and prognostic performance are required. Aberrant protein glycosylation is well known hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Glycoproteins enter circulation from tissues or blood cells through active secretion or leakage and patient serum is an attractive option as a source for biomarkers from a clinical and diagnostic perspective. A plethora of technical approaches have been developed to address the challenges of glycosylation structure detection and determination. This review summarises currently utilised glycoprotein biomarkers and novel glycosylation-based biomarkers from the serum glycoproteome under investigation as cancer diagnostics and for monitoring and prognostics and includes details of recent high throughput and other emerging glycoanalytical techniques.
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