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Matzuk MM, McKeown MR, Filippakopoulos P, Li Q, Ma L, Agno JE, Lemieux ME, Picaud S, Yu RN, Qi J, Knapp S, Bradner JE. Small-molecule inhibition of BRDT for male contraception. Cell 2012; 150:673-84. [PMID: 22901802 PMCID: PMC3420011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A pharmacologic approach to male contraception remains a longstanding challenge in medicine. Toward this objective, we explored the spermatogenic effects of a selective small-molecule inhibitor (JQ1) of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily of epigenetic reader proteins. Here, we report potent inhibition of the testis-specific member BRDT, which is essential for chromatin remodeling during spermatogenesis. Biochemical and crystallographic studies confirm that occupancy of the BRDT acetyl-lysine binding pocket by JQ1 prevents recognition of acetylated histone H4. Treatment of mice with JQ1 reduced seminiferous tubule area, testis size, and spermatozoa number and motility without affecting hormone levels. Although JQ1-treated males mate normally, inhibitory effects of JQ1 evident at the spermatocyte and round spermatid stages cause a complete and reversible contraceptive effect. These data establish a new contraceptive that can cross the blood:testis boundary and inhibit bromodomain activity during spermatogenesis, providing a lead compound targeting the male germ cell for contraception. PaperClip
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Matzuk
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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52
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Ben Khelifa M, Coutton C, Blum MGB, Abada F, Harbuz R, Zouari R, Guichet A, May-Panloup P, Mitchell V, Rollet J, Triki C, Merdassi G, Vialard F, Koscinski I, Viville S, Keskes L, Soulie JP, Rives N, Dorphin B, Lestrade F, Hesters L, Poirot C, Benzacken B, Jouk PS, Satre V, Hennebicq S, Arnoult C, Lunardi J, Ray PF. Identification of a new recurrent Aurora kinase C mutation in both European and African men with macrozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3337-46. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Mitosis is tightly regulated and any errors in this process often lead to aneuploidy, genomic instability, and tumorigenesis. Deregulation of mitotic kinases is significantly associated with improper cell division and aneuploidy. Because of their importance during mitosis and the relevance to cancer, mitotic kinase signaling has been extensively studied over the past few decades and, as a result, several mitotic kinase inhibitors have been developed. Despite promising preclinical results, targeting mitotic kinases for cancer therapy faces numerous challenges, including safety and patient selection issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mitotic kinase signaling and its interactive network. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor suppressor p53 functions at the center of the mitotic kinase signaling network. In response to mitotic spindle damage, multiple mitotic kinases phosphorylate p53 to either activate or deactivate p53-mediated signaling. p53 can also regulate the expression and function of mitotic kinases, suggesting the existence of a network of mutual regulation, which can be positive or negative, between mitotic kinases and p53 signaling. Therefore, deciphering this regulatory network will provide knowledge to overcome current limitations of targeting mitotic kinases and further improve the results of targeted therapy.
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54
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O'Bryan MK, Grealy A, Stahl PJ, Schlegel PN, McLachlan RI, Jamsai D. Genetic variants in the ETV5 gene in fertile and infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia associated with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:827-35.e1-3. [PMID: 22771031 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between genetic variants in the ETV5 gene with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) associated with Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome. DESIGN Genetic association study. SETTING University. PATIENT(S) Australian men (65 SCO, 53 NOA, and 242 fertile men) and American men (86 SCO and 54 fertile men). INTERVENTION(S) Paraffin-embedded human testicular tissue was sectioned and processed for immunofluorescence. Direct DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-based SNP detection were performed to define genetic variants in the ETV5 gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The localization of ETV5 in the human testis and the presence of ETV5 genetic variants in fertile and infertile men. RESULT(S) ETV5 is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus of Sertoli and germ cells in adult human testes. We identified six previously reported and six new genetic variants in the ETV5 gene. Of these, the allele frequency of the homozygous +48845 G>T (TT allele) variant was significantly higher in the SCO and NOA Australian men compared with fertile men. CONCLUSION(S) The homozygous +48845 G>T (TT allele) variant confers a higher risk for male infertility associated with NOA and SCO in Australian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira K O'Bryan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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55
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Coutton C, Satre V, Arnoult C, Ray P. Génétique de l’infertilité masculine. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:497-502. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012285014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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56
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Khan J, Khan S, Attaullah S, Ali I, Khan SN. Aurora kinase-C-T191D is constitutively active mutant. BMC Cell Biol 2012; 13:8. [PMID: 22443468 PMCID: PMC3324370 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aurora kinases (Aurora-A, B and C) belong to a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases which are key regulators of cell cycle progression. Aurora-A and Aurora-B are expressed in somatic cells and involved in cell cycle regulation while aurora-C is meiotic chromosome passenger protein. As Aurora kinase C is rarely expressed in normal somatic cells and has been found over expressed in many cancer lines. It is suggested that Aurora-C-T191D is not hyperactive mutant. Result Aurora-C-T191D variant form was investigated and compared with wild type. The overexpression of Aurora-C-T191D was observed that it behaves like Aurora-C wild type (aurC-WT). Both Aurora-C-T191D and aurC-WT induce abnormal cell division resulting in centrosome amplification and multinucleation in transiently transfected cells as well as in stable cell lines. Similarly, Aurora-C-T191D and aurC-WT formed foci of colonies when grown on soft agar, indicating that a gain of Aurora-C activity is sufficient to transform cells. Furthermore, we reported that NIH-3 T3 stable cell lines overexpressing Aurora-C-T191D and its wild type partner induced tumour formation when injected into nude mice, demonstrating the oncogenic activity of enzymatically active Aurora kinase C. Interestingly enough tumour aggressiveness was positively correlated with the rate of kinase activity, making Aurora-C a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. Conclusion These findings proved that Aurora C-T191D is not hyperactive but is constitutively active mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabbar Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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57
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan How
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Medical Oncology & Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karen Yee
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Medical Oncology & Hematology, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Massart A, Lissens W, Tournaye H, Stouffs K. Genetic causes of spermatogenic failure. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:40-8. [PMID: 22138898 PMCID: PMC3735159 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10%-15% of couples are infertile, and a male factor is involved in almost half of these cases. This observation is due in part to defects in spermatogenesis, and the underlying causes, including genetic abnormalities, remain largely unknown. Until recently, the only genetic tests used in the diagnosis of male infertility were aimed at detecting the presence of microdeletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome and/or chromosomal abnormalities. Various other single-gene or polygenic defects have been proposed to be involved in male fertility. However, their causative effects often remain unproven. The recent evolution in the development of whole-genome-based techniques and the large-scale analysis of mouse models might help in this process. Through knockout mouse models, at least 388 genes have been shown to be associated with spermatogenesis in mice. However, problems often arise when translating this information from mice to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelien Massart
- Center for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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59
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Inverse correlation between chromatin condensation and sperm head size in a case of enlarged sperm heads. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:711-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Lacroix B, Maddox AS. Cytokinesis, ploidy and aneuploidy. J Pathol 2011; 226:338-51. [DOI: 10.1002/path.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Khan J, Ezan F, Crémet JY, Fautrel A, Gilot D, Lambert M, Benaud C, Troadec MB, Prigent C. Overexpression of active Aurora-C kinase results in cell transformation and tumour formation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26512. [PMID: 22046298 PMCID: PMC3203144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases belong to a conserved family of serine/threonine kinases key regulators of cell cycle progression. Aurora-A and Aurora-B are expressed in somatic cells and involved mainly in mitosis while Aurora-C is expressed during spermatogenesis and oogenesis and is involved in meiosis. Aurora-C is hardly detectable in normal somatic cells. However all three kinases are overexpressed in many cancer lines. Aurora-A possesses an oncogenic activity while Aurora-B does not. Here we investigated whether Aurora-C possesses such an oncogenic activity. We report that overexpression of Aurora-C induces abnormal cell division resulting in centrosome amplification and multinucleation in both transiently transfected cells and in stable cell lines. Only stable NIH3T3 cell clones overexpressing active Aurora-C formed foci of colonies when grown on soft agar, indicating that a gain of Aurora-C activity is sufficient to transform cells. Furthermore, we reported that NIH-3T3 stable cell lines overexpressing Aurora-C induced tumour formation when injected into nude mice, demonstrating the oncogenic activity of enzymatically active Aurora kinase C. Interestingly enough tumor aggressiveness was positively correlated with the quantity of active kinase, making Aurora-C a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabbar Khan
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- IRSET, EA 4427-SeRAIC, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Crémet
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- Histopathology Platform H2H2, IFR140, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
- INSERM U991, Rennes, France
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christelle Benaud
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (M-BT); (CP)
| | - Claude Prigent
- CNRS, UMR 6061, Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR 140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (M-BT); (CP)
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Yatsenko AN, O'Neil DS, Roy A, Arias-Mendoza PA, Chen R, Murthy LJ, Lamb DJ, Matzuk MM. Association of mutations in the zona pellucida binding protein 1 (ZPBP1) gene with abnormal sperm head morphology in infertile men. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:14-21. [PMID: 21911476 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 7% of men are afflicted by male infertility worldwide, and genetic factors are suspected to play a significant role in the majority of these patients. Although sperm morphology is an important parameter measured in the semen analysis, only a few genetic causes of teratozoospermia are currently known. The objective of this study was to define the association between alterations in the genes encoding the Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif containing protein (GOPC), the protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) and the acrosomal protein zona pellucida binding protein 1 (ZPBP1/sp38) with abnormal sperm head morphology in infertile men. Previous reports demonstrated that mice lacking Gopc, Pick1 and Zpbp1 are infertile due to abnormal head morphology. Herein, using our validated RNA-based method, we studied spermatozoal cDNA encoding the human GOPC, PICK1 and ZPBP1 genes in 381 teratozoospermic and 240 controls patients via direct sequencing. Among these genes, we identified missense and splicing mutations in the sperm cDNA encoding ZPBP1 in 3.9% (15/381) of men with abnormal sperm head morphology. These mutations were not observed in 240 matched controls and the dbSNP database (χ(2) = 9.3, P = 0.002). In contrast, statistically significant and functionally relevant mutations were not discovered in the GOPC and PICK1 genes. In our study ZPBP1 mutations are associated with abnormal sperm head morphology, defined according to strict criteria, resembling the mouse Zpbp1 null phenotype. We hypothesize that missense mutations exert a dominant-negative effect due to altered ZPBP1 protein folding and protein:protein interactions in the acrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Yatsenko
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
The basic biology of the cell division cycle and its control by protein kinases was originally studied through genetic and biochemical studies in yeast and other model organisms. The major regulatory mechanisms identified in this pioneer work are conserved in mammals. However, recent studies in different cell types or genetic models are now providing a new perspective on the function of these major cell cycle regulators in different tissues. Here, we review the physiological relevance of mammalian cell cycle kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Aurora and Polo-like kinases, and mitotic checkpoint regulators (Bub1, BubR1, and Mps1) as well as other less-studied enzymes such as Cdc7, Nek proteins, or Mastl and their implications in development, tissue homeostasis, and human disease. Among these functions, the control of self-renewal or asymmetric cell division in stem/progenitor cells and the ability to regenerate injured tissues is a central issue in current research. In addition, many of these proteins play previously unexpected roles in metabolism, cardiovascular function, or neuron biology. The modulation of their enzymatic activity may therefore have multiple therapeutic benefits in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
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64
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Ray PF, Arnoult C. [Homozygous deletion of DPY19L2 is responsible for most cases of globozoospermia]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:692-3. [PMID: 21880250 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2011278004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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65
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66
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Ben Khelifa M, Zouari R, Harbuz R, Halouani L, Arnoult C, Lunardi J, Ray PF. A new AURKC mutation causing macrozoospermia: implications for human spermatogenesis and clinical diagnosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:762-8. [PMID: 21733974 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of close to 100% large-headed multi-tailed spermatozoa in the ejaculate has been described as a rare phenotype of male infertility with a very poor prognosis. We demonstrated previously that most cases were caused by a homozygous mutation (c.144delC) in the Aurora Kinase C gene (AURKC) leading to the absence or the production of a non-functional protein. AURKC deficiency in these patients blocked meiosis and resulted in the production of tetraploid spermatozoa unsuitable for fertilization. We describe here the study of two brothers presenting with large-headed spermatozoa. Molecular analysis of the AURKC gene was carried out in two brothers presenting with a typical large-headed spermatozoa phenotype. Both affected brothers were heterozygous for the c.144delC mutation. After complete sequencing of the gene a new heterozygous variant, c.436-2A>G, was identified in both patients. This mutation is located in the acceptor consensus splice site of exon 5. AURKC transcripts were extracted from one of the patient's leukocytes and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction could be realized showing the presence of a truncated transcript indicating that c.436-2A>G leads to the skipping of exon 5. These results indicate that AURKC molecular analysis of patients with large-headed spermatozoa should not be stopped in the absence of a homozygous recurrent mutation on exon 3 but complete sequence analysis should be performed. This diagnosis is important as the identification of AURKC mutations in patients indicates that all spermatozoa will be chromosomally abnormal and that ICSI should not be attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Khelifa
- Laboratoire AGIM, FRE 3405 CNRS - UJF, Equipe Génétique Infertilité et Thérapeutique (GIT), campus santé de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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67
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Confirmation de la forte prévalence au Maroc de la mutation homozygote c.144delC du gène aurora kinase C (AURKC) dans les tératozoospermies avec spermatozoïdes macrocéphales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Avo Santos M, van de Werken C, de Vries M, Jahr H, Vromans MJM, Laven JSE, Fauser BC, Kops GJ, Lens SM, Baart EB. A role for Aurora C in the chromosomal passenger complex during human preimplantation embryo development. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1868-81. [PMID: 21493633 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Avo Santos
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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69
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Harbuz R, Zouari R, Pierre V, Ben Khelifa M, Kharouf M, Coutton C, Merdassi G, Abada F, Escoffier J, Nikas Y, Vialard F, Koscinski I, Triki C, Sermondade N, Schweitzer T, Zhioua A, Zhioua F, Latrous H, Halouani L, Ouafi M, Makni M, Jouk PS, Sèle B, Hennebicq S, Satre V, Viville S, Arnoult C, Lunardi J, Ray P. A recurrent deletion of DPY19L2 causes infertility in man by blocking sperm head elongation and acrosome formation. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88:351-61. [PMID: 21397064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of couples require medical assistance to achieve a pregnancy, and more than 2% of the births in Western countries now result from assisted reproductive technologies. To identify genetic variants responsible for male infertility, we performed a whole-genome SNP scan on patients presenting with total globozoospermia, a primary infertility phenotype characterized by the presence of 100% round acrosomeless spermatozoa in the ejaculate. This strategy allowed us to identify in most patients (15/20) a 200 kb homozygous deletion encompassing only DPY19L2, which is highly expressed in the testis. Although there was no known function for DPY19L2 in humans, previous work indicated that its ortholog in C. elegans is involved in cell polarity. In man, the DPY19L2 region has been described as a copy-number variant (CNV) found to be duplicated and heterozygously deleted in healthy individuals. We show here that the breakpoints of the deletions are located on a highly homologous 28 kb low copy repeat (LCR) sequence present on each side of DPY19L2, indicating that the identified deletions were probably produced by nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between these two regions. We demonstrate that patients with globozoospermia have a homozygous deletion of DPY19L2, thus indicating that DPY19L2 is necessary in men for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation. A molecular diagnosis can now be proposed to affected men; the presence of the deletion confirms the diagnosis of globozoospermia and assigns a poor prognosis for the success of in vitro fertilization.
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Perrin A, Louanjli N, Ziane Y, Louanjli T, Le Roy C, Gueganic N, Amice V, De Braekeleer M, Morel F. Study of aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in gametes of patients with severe teratozoospermia. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Sharif B, Na J, Lykke-Hartmann K, McLaughlin SH, Laue E, Glover DM, Zernicka-Goetz M. The chromosome passenger complex is required for fidelity of chromosome transmission and cytokinesis in meiosis of mouse oocytes. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4292-300. [PMID: 21123620 PMCID: PMC2995614 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.067447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of two forms of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) in the mammalian oocyte has meant that its role in female meiosis has remained unclear. Here we use loss- and gain-of function approaches to assess the meiotic functions of one of the shared components of these complexes, INCENP, and of the variable kinase subunits, Aurora B or Aurora C. We show that either the depletion of INCENP or the combined inhibition of Aurora kinases B and C activates the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) before chromosomes have properly congressed in meiosis I and also prevents cytokinesis and hence extrusion of the first polar body. Overexpression of Aurora C also advances APC/C activation and results in cytokinesis failure in a high proportion of oocytes, indicative of a dominant effect on CPC function. Together, this points to roles for the meiotic CPC in functions similar to the mitotic roles of the complex: correcting chromosome attachment to microtubules, facilitating the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) function and enabling cytokinesis. Surprisingly, overexpression of Aurora B leads to a failure of APC/C activation, stabilization of securin and consequently a failure of chiasmate chromosomes to resolve - a dominant phenotype that is completely suppressed by depletion of INCENP. Taken together with the differential distribution of Aurora proteins B and C on chiasmate chromosomes, this points to differential functions of the two forms of CPC in regulating the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedra Sharif
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1NR
- University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK CB2 3EH
| | - Jie Na
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1NR
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1NR
| | - Stephen H. McLaughlin
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QW
| | - Ernest Laue
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QW
| | - David M. Glover
- University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK CB2 3EH
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1NR
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Baldini E, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Mottolese M, Sentinelli S, Antoniani B, Sorrenti S, Salducci M, Comini E, Ulisse S, D'Armiento M. Deregulation of Aurora kinase gene expression in human testicular germ cell tumours. Andrologia 2010; 42:260-7. [PMID: 20629650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinases regulate chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, and alterations in their expression associate with cell malignant transformation. In this study, we demonstrated by qRT-PCR analysis of 14 seminomas that Aurora-A mRNA was, with respect to control tissues, augmented in five of 14 tumour tissues by 2.17 +/- 0.30 fold (P < 0.05) and reduced in 9 to 0.38 +/- 0.10 (P < 0.01). Aurora-B mRNA was increased in 11 tumour tissues by 4.33 +/- 0.82 fold (P < 0.01) and reduced in 3 to 0.41 +/- 0.11 fold. Aurora-C mRNA was reduced to 0.20 +/- 0.32 fold (P < 0.01) in 13 seminomas and up-regulated in one case. Western blot experiments, performed on protein extracts of nine seminomas and six normal testes, showed an up-regulation of Aurora-B protein by 10.14 +/- 3.51 fold (P < 0.05), while Aurora-A protein was found increased in four seminomas by 2.16 +/- 0.43 (P < 0.05), unchanged in three and reduced in two tumour tissues. Aurora-C protein was increased by 9.2 +/- 2.90 fold (P < 0.05), suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms modulate its expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in seminomas, suggesting that they may play a role in the progression of testicular cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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73
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Abstract
The Aurora are a conserved family of serine/threonine kinases with essential functions in cell division. In mitosis, Aurora kinases are required for chromosome segregation, condensation and orientation in the metaphase plate, spindle assembly, and the completion of cytokinesis. This review presents the Aurora kinases, their partners and how their interactions impact on the different mitotic functions.
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74
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Yang KT, Li SK, Chang CC, Tang CJC, Lin YN, Lee SC, Tang TK. Aurora-C kinase deficiency causes cytokinesis failure in meiosis I and production of large polyploid oocytes in mice. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2371-83. [PMID: 20484572 PMCID: PMC2903667 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the subcellular localization of endogenous Aurora-C and examine its roles during female mouse meiosis. The most dramatic effect observed in the oocyte injected with kinase-deficient Aurora-C mRNA is cytokinesis failure in meiosis I, resulting in production of large polyploid oocytes. We previously isolated Aurora-C/Aie1 in a screen for kinases expressed in mouse sperm and eggs. Here, we show the localization of endogenous Aurora-C and examine its roles during female mouse meiosis. Aurora-C was detected at the centromeres and along the chromosome arms in prometaphase I–metaphase I and was concentrated at centromeres at metaphase II, in which Aurora-C also was phosphorylated at Thr171. During the anaphase I–telophase I transition, Aurora-C was dephosphorylated and relocalized to the midzone and midbody. Microinjection of the kinase-deficient Aurora-C (AurC-KD) mRNA into mouse oocytes significantly inhibited Aurora-C activity and caused multiple defects, including chromosome misalignment, abnormal kinetochore–microtubule attachment, premature chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis failure in meiosis I. Furthermore, AurC-KD reduced Aurora-C and histone H3 phosphorylation and inhibited kinetochore localization of Bub1 and BubR1. Similar effects also were observed in the oocytes injected with INCNEP-delIN mRNAs, in which the Aurora-C binding motif was removed. The most dramatic effect observed in AurC-KD–injected oocytes is cytokinesis failure in meiosis I, resulting in producing large polyploid oocytes, a pattern similar to Aurora-C deficiency human spermatozoa. Surprisingly, we detected no Aurora-B protein in mouse oocytes. We propose that Aurora-C, but not Aurora-B, plays essential roles in female mouse meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tai Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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75
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McLachlan RI, O'Bryan MK. Clinical Review#: State of the art for genetic testing of infertile men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1013-24. [PMID: 20089613 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) now provides fertility in many cases of severe idiopathic spermatogenic failure and obstructive azoospermia. Genetic causes must be sought by systematic evaluation of infertile men and affected couples informed about the implications of such diagnoses for assisted reproductive technology outcome and their potential offspring. This review discusses established and emerging genetic disorders related to fertility practice. Chromosomal anomalies are found in about 7% men with idiopathic spermatogenic failure, predominantly numerical/structural in azoospermic men and translocations/inversions in oligospermic men. Routine karyotyping of men with sperm densities less than 10 million/ml, even in the absence of other clinical presentations, is recommended because infertility is associated with higher rates of aneuploidy in ejaculated or testicular sperm and increased chromosomal defects in ICSI offspring. The long arm of the Y chromosome microdeletions are the most common recognized genetic cause of infertility and are found in about 4% men with sperm densities less than 5 million/ml. Routine testing using strict quality assurance procedures is recommended. Azoospermia factor (AZF)-c deletions, the most common form of the long arm of the Y chromosome microdeletions, are usually associated with low levels of sperm in the ejaculate or in testis biopsies, whereas men with AZFa or AZFb+c deletions usually produce no testicular sperm. When AZF-deleted sperm are available and used for ICSI, fertility defects in male offspring seem inevitable. Bilateral congenital absence of the vas is associated with heterozygosity for cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor mutations making routine gene screening and genetic counseling of the couple essential. Testing for less common genetic associations/defects linked with different reproductive dysfunction may be applicable to specific patients but have not entered routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I McLachlan
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 5152, Clayton 3168, Australia.
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76
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Ray PF. Causes masculines des échecs prévisibles en fécondation in vitro (FIV) avec injection spermatique intracytoplasmique (ICSI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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77
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Revay T, Kopp C, Flyckt A, Taponen J, Ijäs R, Nagy S, Kovacs A, Rens W, Rath D, Hidas A, Taylor JF, Andersson M. Diploid spermatozoa caused by failure of the second meiotic division in a bull. Theriogenology 2009; 73:421-8. [PMID: 19962181 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An artificial insemination bull (Bos taurus) exhibiting 23% macrocephalic spermatozoa in the ejaculate was investigated. Spermatozoa with a projected head area of > or = 52 microm(2) were considered macrocephalic. Diploidy was assumed from the measurement of sperm head area and proved by flow cytometry, which was used to sort the sperm into haploid and diploid fractions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the sex chromosomes with an X-Y probe set. Diploid spermatozoa most likely originate from a defective second meiotic division (M2 diploids), as only 0.7% XY-bearing spermatozoa (M1 diploids) were detected in the spermatozoa of the flow cytometric diploid sort. The painting probes generated a single X or Y spot for both unsorted semen and diploid sorted spermatozoa. This indicates a close proximity of the nonpartitioned sister chromatids in the spermatozoa. The BC1.2 probe, which labels BTAYp13-12, was used to clarify the presence of the two chromatids in the singular signal of the simultaneously hybridized Y-painting probe. In scoring more than 1000 randomly sampled spermatozoa hybridized with the BC1.2 probe, 32% showed the YY diploid signal and 18% the Y signal. The sperm diploidy in this bull was caused by an incomplete partitioning of sister chromatids during the second meiotic division (M2) associated with a failure in nuclear cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Revay
- Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Gödöllö, Hungary
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78
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De l’étude des gènes de l’infertilité à la génétique des populations. Basic Clin Androl 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-009-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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79
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Guichaoua MR, Geoffroy-Siraudin C, Mercier G, Achard V, Paulmyer-Lacroix O, Metzler-Guillemain C. Aspects génétiques de la tératozoospermie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:540-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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80
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[Function of aurora kinase C (AURKC) in human reproduction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:546-51. [PMID: 19447663 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infertility concerns at least 70 million couples worldwide. An important proportion of cases is believed to have a genetic component, yet few causal genes have been identified so far. Hundreds of genes are probably involved in spermatogenesis and oogenesis and this genetic heterogeneity has so far hindered the identification of genes causing infertility in the human. Careful morphological examination of spermatozoa can provide cues to identify homogeneous cohorts of patients likely to have the same genetic defect. We studied a cohort of North-Africans patients with a rare phenotype of large-headed spermatozoa. Using a homozygosity mapping strategy, we could map the morbid gene and we identified the same homozygous mutation (c.144delC) in the aurora kinase C gene (AURKC) of all patients studied initially. We then genotyped a total of 62 patients. All who had a typical phenotype with close to 100% large-headed spermatozoa were homozygously mutated (n=34), whereas no AURKC mutations were detected in the others. A carrier frequency of 1/50 was established from individuals from the Maghrebian population, indicating that 1 in 10,000 men from North-African can be expected to present this form of infertility, a frequency comparable to that of Y-microdeletions, thus far the only known recurrent genetic event altering spermatogenesis. Then we demonstrated by flow cytometry that all spermatozoa have in fact a homogeneous 4C. We recommend the realisation of a molecular diagnosis to all patients with large-headed spermatozoa. ICSI is formally contraindicated for all homozygous patients who can have recourse to donor sperm or adoption. One cannot be as categorical for the patients not harbouring an AURKC mutation.
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81
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Vogt E, Kipp A, Eichenlaub-Ritter U. Aurora kinase B, epigenetic state of centromeric heterochromatin and chiasma resolution in oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:352-68. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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