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Daba SD, Liu X, Aryal U, Mohammadi M. A proteomic analysis of grain yield-related traits in wheat. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa042. [PMID: 33133478 PMCID: PMC7586745 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Grain yield, which is mainly contributed by tillering capacity as well as kernel number and weight, is the most important trait to plant breeders and agronomists. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to analyse yield-contributing organs in wheat. These were leaf sample, tiller initiation, spike initiation, ovary and three successive kernel development stages at 5, 10 and 15 days after anthesis (DAA). We identified 3182 proteins across all samples. The largest number was obtained for spike initiation (1673), while the smallest was kernel sample at 15 DAA (709). Of the 3182 proteins, 296 of them were common to all seven organs. Organ-specific proteins ranged from 148 in ovary to 561 in spike initiation. When relative protein abundances were compared to that of leaf sample, 347 and 519 proteins were identified as differentially abundant in tiller initiation and spike initiation, respectively. When compared with ovary, 81, 35 and 96 proteins were identified as differentially abundant in kernels sampled at 5, 10 and 15 DAA, respectively. Our study indicated that two Argonaute proteins were solely expressed in spike initiation. Of the four expansin proteins detected, three of them were mainly expressed during the first 10 days of kernel development after anthesis. We also detected cell wall invertases and sucrose and starch synthases mainly during the kernel development period. The manipulation of these proteins could lead to increases in tillers, kernels per spike or final grain weight, and is worth exploring in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu D Daba
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Karikari B, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Yan W, Feng J, Zhao T. Identification of quantitative trait nucleotides and candidate genes for soybean seed weight by multiple models of genome-wide association study. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:404. [PMID: 32873245 PMCID: PMC7466808 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed weight is a complex yield-related trait with a lot of quantitative trait loci (QTL) reported through linkage mapping studies. Integration of QTL from linkage mapping into breeding program is challenging due to numerous limitations, therefore, Genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides more precise location of QTL due to higher resolution and diverse genetic diversity in un-related individuals. RESULTS The present study utilized 573 breeding lines population with 61,166 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and candidate genes for seed weight in Chinese summer-sowing soybean. GWAS was conducted with two single-locus models (SLMs) and six multi-locus models (MLMs). Thirty-nine SNPs were detected by the two SLMs while 209 SNPs were detected by the six MLMs. In all, two hundred and thirty-one QTNs were found to be associated with seed weight in YHSBLP with various effects. Out of these, seventy SNPs were concurrently detected by both SLMs and MLMs on 8 chromosomes. Ninety-four QTNs co-localized with previously reported QTL/QTN by linkage/association mapping studies. A total of 36 candidate genes were predicted. Out of these candidate genes, four hub genes (Glyma06g44510, Glyma08g06420, Glyma12g33280 and Glyma19g28070) were identified by the integration of co-expression network. Among them, three were relatively expressed higher in the high HSW genotypes at R5 stage compared with low HSW genotypes except Glyma12g33280. Our results show that using more models especially MLMs are effective to find important QTNs, and the identified HSW QTNs/genes could be utilized in molecular breeding work for soybean seed weight and yield. CONCLUSION Application of two single-locus plus six multi-locus models of GWAS identified 231 QTNs. Four hub genes (Glyma06g44510, Glyma08g06420, Glyma12g33280 & Glyma19g28070) detected via integration of co-expression network among the predicted candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Karikari
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhou
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Yan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Feng
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Crop reproductive meristems in the genomic era: a brief overview. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:853-865. [PMID: 32573650 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of traits beneficial for cultivation and yield is one of the main goals of crop improvement. One of the targets for enhancing productivity is changing the architecture of inflorescences since in many species it determines fruit and seed yield. Inflorescence shape and organization is genetically established during the early stages of reproductive development and depends on the number, arrangement, activities, and duration of meristems during the reproductive phase of the plant life cycle. Despite the variety of inflorescence architectures observable in nature, many key aspects of inflorescence development are conserved among different species. For instance, the genetic network in charge of specifying the identity of the different reproductive meristems, which can be indeterminate or determinate, seems to be similar among distantly related species. The availability of a large number of published transcriptomic datasets for plants with different inflorescence architectures, allowed us to identify transcription factor gene families that are differentially expressed in determinate and indeterminate reproductive meristems. The data that we review here for Arabidopsis, rice, barley, wheat, and maize, particularly deepens our knowledge of their involvement in meristem identity specification.
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Villar L, Lienqueo I, Llanes A, Rojas P, Perez J, Correa F, Sagredo B, Masciarelli O, Luna V, Almada R. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals novel roles of transcription factors and hormones during the flowering induction and floral bud differentiation in sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L. cv. Bing). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230110. [PMID: 32163460 PMCID: PMC7067470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In sweet cherry trees, flowering is commercially important because the flowers, after fertilization, will generate the fruits. In P. avium, the flowering induction and flower organogensis are the first developmental steps towards flower formation and they occur within specialized organs known as floral buds during the summer, nine months before blooming. During this period the number of floral buds per tree and the bud fruitfulness (number of flowers per bud) are stablished affecting the potential yield of orchards and the plant architecture. The floral bud development is sensitive to any type of stress and the hotter and drier summers will interfere with this process and are calling for new adapted cultivars. A better understanding of the underlying molecular and hormonal mechanisms would be of help, but unlike the model plant Arabidopsis, very little is known about floral induction in sweet cherry. To explore the molecular mechanism of floral bud differentiation, high-throughput RNA sequencing was used to detect differences in the gene expression of P. avium floral buds at five differentiation stages. We found 2,982 differentially expressed genes during floral bud development. We identified genes associated with floral initiation or floral organ identity that appear to be useful biomarkers of floral development and several transcription factor families (ERF, MYB, bHLH, MADS-box and NAC gene family) with novel potential roles during floral transition in this species. We analyzed in deep the MADS-box gene family and we shed light about their key role during floral bud and organs development in P. avium. Furthermore, the hormonal-related signatures in the gene regulatory networks and the dynamic changes of absicic acid, zeatin and indolacetic acid contents in buds suggest an important role for these hormones during floral bud differentiation in sweet cherry. These data provide a rich source of novel informacion for functional and evolutionary studies about floral bud development in sweet cherry and new tools for biotechnology and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villar
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Rengo, Chile
| | - Ixia Lienqueo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Rengo, Chile
| | - Analía Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pamela Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) CRI Rayentué, Rengo, Chile
| | - Jorge Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) CRI Rayentué, Rengo, Chile
| | - Francisco Correa
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Rengo, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) CRI Rayentué, Rengo, Chile
| | - Boris Sagredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) CRI Rayentué, Rengo, Chile
| | - Oscar Masciarelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Luna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén Almada
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Rengo, Chile
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Singh G, Pal P, Masand M, Seth R, Kumar A, Singh S, Sharma RK. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed gamma-irradiation mediated disruption of floral integrator gene(s) leading to prolonged vegetative phase in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:90-102. [PMID: 31951945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is getting global attention because of its ability to synthesize commercially important low/no calorie natural sweeteners (LNCSs) steviol glycosides (SGs). Considering, higher accumulation of SGs in vegetative phase followed by decrement during reproductive phase necessitate the understanding of different molecular components of floral transition to develop superior varieties/cultivars with prolonged vegetative phase in Stevia. Current comparative transcriptional analysis of low dose (5 kR) gamma-irradiated mutant genotype (SMG) with prolonged vegetative phase vis-à-vis background genotype (SBG) identified DGEs of major floral transition pathways, and expressed according to their physiological fate irrespective to SMG & SBG. Contrarily, reduced expression of floral integrator genes (FT and LEAFY) in mutant genotype suggests their involvement in prolonged vegetative phase phenotype. Likewise, GO and KEGG enrichment of photosynthesis and carbon assimilation efficiency might be associated with prolonged vegetative phase and higher accumulation of Stevioside content in mutant genotype. Furthermore, deviation of flowering related transcription factors (higher expressions except MIKS-type MADS-box SMG_PV compared to SBG_F) may possibly be correlated with low expression of floral integrator genes. Findings of current studies will facilitate the genetic manipulations and crop improvement efforts in Stevia through conventional breeding and genome editing approaches for increased SGs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Poonam Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Mamta Masand
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Romit Seth
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercially Important Plants (AMACIP) Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Sanatsujat Singh
- Agrotechnology of Medicinal, Aromatic and Commercially Important Plants (AMACIP) Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
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56
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Bartlett M. Looking back to look forward: protein-protein interactions and the evolution of development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1127-1133. [PMID: 31494948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary modification of development was fundamental in generating extant plant diversity. Similarly, the modification of development is a path forward to engineering the plants of the future, provided we know enough about what to modify. Understanding how extant diversity was generated will reveal productive pathways forward for modifying development. Here, I discuss four examples of developmental pathways that have been remodeled by changes to protein-protein interactions. These are cases where changes to developmental pathways have been paralleled by recent changes, selected for or engineered by humans. Extant plant diversity represents a vast treasure trove of molecular solutions to ecological problems. Mining this treasure trove will allow for the intentional modification of plant development for solving future problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Bartlett
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, 221 Morrill 2, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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57
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Ma YJ, Li PT, Sun LM, Zhou H, Zeng RF, Ai XY, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. HD-ZIP I Transcription Factor ( PtHB13) Negatively Regulates Citrus Flowering through Binding to FLOWERING LOCUS C Promoter. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010114. [PMID: 31963238 PMCID: PMC7020176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For floral induction in adult citrus, low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) plays a very important role in low-temperature-induced Arabidopsis flowering by repressed FLC expression under exposure to prolonged low-temperature conditions. However, little is known about the FLC regulation mechanism in perennial woody plants such as citrus. In this study, the functions of citrus FLC homolog (PtFLC) were investigated by ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. Transcription factor of homeodomain leucine zipper I (HD-ZIP I) as an upstream regulator of PtFLC was identified by yeast one-hybrid screen to regulate its transcription. The HD-ZIP I transcription factor was highly homologous to Arabidopsis ATHB13 and thus was named PtHB13. Ectopically expressed PtHB13 inhibited flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the expression of PtFLC and PtHB13 showed a seasonal change during the floral induction period and was also affected by low temperature. Thus, we propose that PtHB13 binds to PtFLC promoter to regulate its activity during the citrus floral induction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Pei-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Lei-Ming Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450009, China;
| | - Huan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Ai
- Institute of Pomology and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-6201-8231 (J.-Z.Z.); Fax: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z.)
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.-J.M.); (P.-T.L.); (H.Z.); (R.-F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Z.Z.); (C.-G.H.); Tel.: +86-27-6201-8231 (J.-Z.Z.); Fax: +86-27-8728-2010 (J.-Z.Z.)
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ABNORMAL FLOWER AND GRAIN 1 encodes OsMADS6 and determines palea identity and affects rice grain yield and quality. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:228-238. [PMID: 31919631 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The palea and lemma are floral organ structures unique to grasses; these structures form the hull and directly affect grain size and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the development of the hull are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) abnormal flower and grain1 (afg1) mutant, a new allele of OsMADS6. Similar to previously characterized osmads6 alleles, in the afg1 floret, the palea lost its marginal region and acquired the lemma identity. However, in contrast to other osmads6 alleles, the afg1 mutant showed altered grain size and grain quality, with decreased total starch and amylose contents, and increased protein and soluble sugar contents. The analysis of transcriptional activity suggested that AFG1 is a transcriptional activator and may affect grain size by regulating the expression levels of several genes related to cell expansion and proliferation in the afg1 mutant. These results revealed that AFG1 plays an important role in determining palea identity and affecting grain yield and quality in rice.
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Schilling S, Kennedy A, Pan S, Jermiin LS, Melzer R. Genome-wide analysis of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in wheat: pervasive duplications, functional conservation and putative neofunctionalization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:511-529. [PMID: 31418861 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Given a growing global population coupled with increasingly challenging cultivation conditions, facilitating wheat breeding by fine-tuning important traits is of great importance. MADS-box genes are prime candidates for this, as they are involved in virtually all aspects of plant development. Here, we present a detailed overview of phylogeny and expression of 201 wheat MIKC-type MADS-box genes. Homoeolog retention is significantly above the average genome-wide retention rate for wheat genes, indicating that many MIKC-type homoeologs are functionally important and not redundant. Gene expression is generally in agreement with the expected subfamily-specific expression pattern, indicating broad conservation of function of MIKC-type genes during wheat evolution. We also found extensive expansion of some MIKC-type subfamilies, especially those potentially involved in adaptation to different environmental conditions like flowering time genes. Duplications are especially prominent in distal telomeric regions. A number of MIKC-type genes show novel expression patterns and respond, for example, to biotic stress, pointing towards neofunctionalization. We speculate that conserved, duplicated and neofunctionalized MIKC-type genes may have played an important role in the adaptation of wheat to a diversity of conditions, hence contributing to the importance of wheat as a global staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schilling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice Kennedy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sirui Pan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars S Jermiin
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rainer Melzer
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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60
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Wu J, Lawit SJ, Weers B, Sun J, Mongar N, Van Hemert J, Melo R, Meng X, Rupe M, Clapp J, Haug Collet K, Trecker L, Roesler K, Peddicord L, Thomas J, Hunt J, Zhou W, Hou Z, Wimmer M, Jantes J, Mo H, Liu L, Wang Y, Walker C, Danilevskaya O, Lafitte RH, Schussler JR, Shen B, Habben JE. Overexpression of zmm28 increases maize grain yield in the field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23850-23858. [PMID: 31685622 PMCID: PMC6876154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902593116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing maize grain yield has been a major focus of both plant breeding and genetic engineering to meet the global demand for food, feed, and industrial uses. We report that increasing and extending expression of a maize MADS-box transcription factor gene, zmm28, under the control of a moderate-constitutive maize promoter, results in maize plants with increased plant growth, photosynthesis capacity, and nitrogen utilization. Molecular and biochemical characterization of zmm28 transgenic plants demonstrated that their enhanced agronomic traits are associated with elevated plant carbon assimilation, nitrogen utilization, and plant growth. Overall, these positive attributes are associated with a significant increase in grain yield relative to wild-type controls that is consistent across years, environments, and elite germplasm backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Wu
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Shai J Lawit
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Ben Weers
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Jindong Sun
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Nick Mongar
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - John Van Hemert
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Rosana Melo
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Xin Meng
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Mary Rupe
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Joshua Clapp
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | | | - Libby Trecker
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Keith Roesler
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | | | - Jill Thomas
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Joanne Hunt
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Wengang Zhou
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Zhenglin Hou
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Matthew Wimmer
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Justin Jantes
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Hua Mo
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Lu Liu
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | - Carl Walker
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | | | - Renee H Lafitte
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
| | | | - Bo Shen
- Research & Development, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131
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61
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Dawson IK, Powell W, Hendre P, Bančič J, Hickey JM, Kindt R, Hoad S, Hale I, Jamnadass R. The role of genetics in mainstreaming the production of new and orphan crops to diversify food systems and support human nutrition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:37-54. [PMID: 31063598 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Especially in low-income nations, new and orphan crops provide important opportunities to improve diet quality and the sustainability of food production, being rich in nutrients, capable of fitting into multiple niches in production systems, and relatively adapted to low-input conditions. The evolving space for these crops in production systems presents particular genetic improvement requirements that extensive gene pools are able to accommodate. Particular needs for genetic development identified in part with plant breeders relate to three areas of fundamental importance for addressing food production and human demographic trends and associated challenges, namely: facilitating integration into production systems; improving the processability of crop products; and reducing farm labour requirements. Here, we relate diverse involved target genes and crop development techniques. These techniques include transgressive methods that involve defining exemplar crop models for effective new and orphan crop improvement pathways. Research on new and orphan crops not only supports the genetic improvement of these crops, but they serve as important models for understanding crop evolutionary processes more broadly, guiding further major crop evolution. The bridging position of orphan crops between new and major crops provides unique opportunities for investigating genetic approaches for de novo domestications and major crop 'rewildings'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Dawson
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wayne Powell
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Prasad Hendre
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jon Bančič
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John M Hickey
- The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Roeland Kindt
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steve Hoad
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Iago Hale
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH,, 03824, USA
| | - Ramni Jamnadass
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Headquarters, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
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Wu Q, Bai X, Zhao W, Shi X, Xiang D, Wan Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Zhao J, Peng L, Zhao G. Investigation into the underlying regulatory mechanisms shaping inflorescence architecture in Chenopodium quinoa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:658. [PMID: 31419932 PMCID: PMC6698048 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflorescence architecture is denoted by the spatial arrangement of various lateral branches and florets formed on them, which is shaped by a complex of regulators. Unveiling of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inflorescence architecture is pivotal for improving crop yield potential. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), a pseudo cereal originated from Andean region of South America, has been widely recognized as a functional super food due to its excellent nutritional elements. Increasing worldwide consumption of this crop urgently calls for its yield improvement. However, dissection of the regulatory networks underlying quinoa inflorescence patterning is lacking. Results In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis on quinoa inflorescence samples collected from six developmental stages, yielding a total of 138.8 GB data. We screened 21,610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among all the stages through comparative analysis. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to categorize the DEGs into ten different modules. Subsequently, we placed emphasis on investigating the modules associated with none branched and branched inflorescence samples. We manually refined the coexpression networks with stringent edge weight cutoffs, and generated core networks using transcription factors and key inflorescence architecture related genes as seed nodes. The core networks were visualized and analyzed by Cytoscape to obtain hub genes in each network. Our finding indicates that the specific occurrence of B3, TALE, WOX, LSH, LFY, GRAS, bHLH, EIL, DOF, G2-like and YABBY family members in early reproductive stage modules, and of TFL, ERF, bZIP, HD-ZIP, C2H2, LBD, NAC, C3H, Nin-like and FAR1 family members in late reproductive stage modules, as well as the several different MADS subfamily members identified in both stages may account for shaping quinoa inflorescence architecture. Conclusion In this study we carried out comparative transcriptome analysis of six different stages quinoa inflorescences, and using WGCNA we obtained the most highly potential central hubs for shaping inflorescence. The data obtained from this study will enhance our understanding of the gene network regulating quinoa inflorescence architecture, as well will supply with valuable genetic resources for high-yield elite breeding in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6027-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. .,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China.,National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People's Republic of China
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Yin X, Liu X, Xu B, Lu P, Dong T, Yang D, Ye T, Feng YQ, Wu Y. OsMADS18, a membrane-bound MADS-box transcription factor, modulates plant architecture and the abscisic acid response in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3895-3909. [PMID: 31034557 PMCID: PMC6685668 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA1 (AP1)/FRUITFULL (FUL)-like transcription factor OsMADS18 plays diverse functions in rice development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from fully understood. Here, we report that down-regulation of OsMADS18 expression in RNAi lines caused a delay in seed germination and young seedling growth, whereas the overexpression of OsMADS18 produced plants with fewer tillers. In targeted OsMADS18 genome-edited mutants (osmads18-cas9), an increased number of tillers, altered panicle size, and reduced seed setting were observed. The EYFP-OsMADS18 (full-length) protein was localized to the nucleus and plasma membrane but the EYFP-OsMADS18-N (N-terminus) protein mainly localized to the nucleus. The expression of OsMADS18 could be stimulated by abscisic acid (ABA), and ABA stimulation triggered the cleavage of HA-OsMADS18 and the translocation of OsMADS18 from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of ABA on seedling growth was less effective in the OsMADS18-overexpressing plants. The expression of a set of ABA-responsive genes was significantly reduced in the overexpressing plants. The phenotypes of transgenic plants expressing EYFP-OsMADS18-N resembled those observed in the osmads18-cas9 mutants. Analysis of the interaction of OsMADS18 with OsMADS14, OsMADS15, and OsMADS57 strongly suggests an essential role for OsMADS18 in rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Buxian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Piaoyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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Manrique S, Friel J, Gramazio P, Hasing T, Ezquer I, Bombarely A. Genetic insights into the modification of the pre-fertilization mechanisms during plant domestication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3007-3019. [PMID: 31152173 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant domestication is the process of adapting plants to human use by selecting specific traits. The selection process often involves the modification of some components of the plant reproductive mechanisms. Allelic variants of genes associated with flowering time, vernalization, and the circadian clock are responsible for the adaptation of crops, such as rice, maize, barley, wheat, and tomato, to non-native latitudes. Modifications in the plant architecture and branching have been selected for higher yields and easier harvests. These phenotypes are often produced by alterations in the regulation of the transition of shoot apical meristems to inflorescences, and then to floral meristems. Floral homeotic mutants are responsible for popular double-flower phenotypes in Japanese cherries, roses, camellias, and lilies. The rise of peloric flowers in ornamentals such as snapdragon and florists' gloxinia is associated with non-functional alleles that control the relative expansion of lateral and ventral petals. Mechanisms to force outcrossing such as self-incompatibility have been removed in some tree crops cultivars such as almonds and peaches. In this review, we revisit some of these important concepts from the plant domestication perspective, focusing on four topics related to the pre-fertilization mechanisms: flowering time, inflorescence architecture, flower development, and pre-fertilization self-incompatibility mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manrique
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - James Friel
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBioscience Research Center (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomas Hasing
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences (SPES), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Ning K, Han Y, Chen Z, Luo C, Wang S, Zhang W, Li L, Zhang X, Fan S, Wang Q. Genome-wide analysis of MADS-box family genes during flower development in lettuce. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1868-1881. [PMID: 30680748 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important leafy vegetable consumed worldwide. Heat-induced bolting and flowering greatly limit lettuce production during the summer. Additionally, MADS-box transcription factors are important for various aspects of plant development and architecture (e.g., flowering and floral patterning). However, there has been no comprehensive study of lettuce MADS-box family genes. In this study, we identified 82 MADS-box family genes in lettuce, including 23 type I genes and 59 type II genes. Transcriptome profiling revealed that LsMADS gene expression patterns differ among the various floral stages and organs. Moreover, heat-responsive cis-elements were detected in the promoter regions of many LsMADS genes. An in situ hybridization assay of 10 homologs of flower-patterning genes and a yeast two-hybrid assay of the encoded proteins revealed that the ABC model is conserved in lettuce. Specifically, the APETALA1 (AP1) homolog in lettuce, LsMADS55, is responsive to heat and is specifically expressed in the inflorescence meristem and pappus bristles. The overexpression of LsMADS55 results in early flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we observed that the heat shock factor LsHSFB2A-1 can bind to the LsMADS55 promoter in lettuce. Therefore, a model was proposed for the LsMADS-regulated floral organ specification and heat-induced flowering in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ning
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyan Han
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huanghuaihai Region, Shan Dong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuangxi Fan
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture/New Technological Laboratory in Agriculture Application in Beijing, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Brazel AJ, Ó'Maoiléidigh DS. Photosynthetic activity of reproductive organs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1737-1754. [PMID: 30824936 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During seed development, carbon is reallocated from maternal tissues to support germination and subsequent growth. As this pool of resources is depleted post-germination, the plant begins autotrophic growth through leaf photosynthesis. Photoassimilates derived from the leaf are used to sustain the plant and form new organs, including other vegetative leaves, stems, bracts, flowers, fruits, and seeds. In contrast to the view that reproductive tissues act only as resource sinks, many studies demonstrate that flowers, fruits, and seeds are photosynthetically active. The photosynthetic contribution to development is variable between these reproductive organs and between species. In addition, our understanding of the developmental control of photosynthetic activity in reproductive organs is vastly incomplete. A further complication is that reproductive organ photosynthesis (ROP) appears to be particularly important under suboptimal growth conditions. Therefore, the topic of ROP presents the community with a challenge to integrate the fields of photosynthesis, development, and stress responses. Here, we attempt to summarize our understanding of the contribution of ROP to development and the molecular mechanisms underlying its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe J Brazel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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