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Tan L, Qu M, Zhu Y, Peng C, Wang J, Gao D, Chen C. ZINC TRANSPORTER5 and ZINC TRANSPORTER9 Function Synergistically in Zinc/Cadmium Uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1235-1249. [PMID: 32341004 PMCID: PMC7333683 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The elements Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) have similar chemical and physical properties, but contrasting physiological effects in higher organisms. In plants, Zn/Cd transport is mediated by various transporter proteins belonging to different families. In this study, we functionally characterized two Zn transporter genes in rice (Oryza sativa), ZINC TRANSPORTER5 (OsZIP5) and ZINC TRANSPORTER9 (OsZIP9), which are tandem duplicates and act synergistically in Zn/Cd uptake. Both genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins with influx transporter activity. The expression profiles of OsZIP5 and OsZIP9 overlap in the root epidermis and respond to the local Zn status in the root. However, OsZIP9 is also regulated by systemic signals of Zn status from the shoot. OsZIP5 functions redundantly to OsZIP9, but has a relatively weaker effect. Plants with the knockout mutations oszip5, oszip9, or oszip5oszip9 show impaired Zn/Cd uptake. The decreased Zn/Cd levels and growth retardation in the oszip5 mutant are less severe than in the oszip9 mutant. However, the double mutant oszip5oszip9 showed an enhanced Zn deficiency phenotype compared with the single mutants, and few double-knockout plants were able to survive the entire growth cycle without excessive Zn supply. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsZIP9 had markedly enhanced Zn/Cd levels in the aboveground tissues and brown rice. The results of our study fill a gap in current knowledge of Zn uptake and improve our understanding of Zn/Cd accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Mengmeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Can Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Jiurong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Dongying Gao
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Caiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
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Huang S, Wang P, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Plant Nutrition for Human Nutrition: Hints from Rice Research and Future Perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:825-835. [PMID: 32434072 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both plants and humans require mineral elements for their healthy growth and development. Mineral elements in the soil are taken up by the plant roots and transported to the edible parts for human consumption through various different transporters. An ideal future crop for human health should be rich in essential mineral elements but with less toxic elements in the edible parts. However, due to the great difference in the numbers and amounts of mineral elements required between plants and humans, it is a challenge to balance plant growth and nutrient requirement for humans. In this article, we mainly focus on the transport system of mineral elements from soil to grain in rice, a staple food for half of the world's population, and discuss recent progress on the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms. Examples are given for silicon, zinc, and iron essential/beneficial for both plants and humans, selenium and iodine only essential for humans, and toxic cadmium and arsenic for all organisms. Manipulation of some transporters for these elements, especially those localized in the node for allocation of mineral elements to the grain, has been successful in generating rice with higher density and bioavailability of essential elements but with less accumulation of toxic elements. We provide our perspectives toward breeding future crops for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Peitong Wang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
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Pradhan SK, Pandit E, Pawar S, Naveenkumar R, Barik SR, Mohanty SP, Nayak DK, Ghritlahre SK, Sanjiba Rao D, Reddy JN, Patnaik SSC. Linkage disequilibrium mapping for grain Fe and Zn enhancing QTLs useful for nutrient dense rice breeding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 32019504 PMCID: PMC7001215 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High yielding rice varieties are usually low in grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. These two micronutrients are involved in many enzymatic activities, lack of which cause many disorders in human body. Bio-fortification is a cheaper and easier way to improve the content of these nutrients in rice grain. RESULTS A population panel was prepared representing all the phenotypic classes for grain Fe-Zn content from 485 germplasm lines. The panel was studied for genetic diversity, population structure and association mapping of grain Fe-Zn content in the milled rice. The population showed linkage disequilibrium showing deviation of Hardy-Weinberg's expectation for Fe-Zn content in rice. Population structure at K = 3 categorized the panel population into distinct sub-populations corroborating with their grain Fe-Zn content. STRUCTURE analysis revealed a common primary ancestor for each sub-population. Novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) namely qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected using association mapping. Four QTLs, namely qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qFe8.1 and qFe12.2 for grain Fe content were detected to be co-localized with qZn3.1, qZn7, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 QTLs controlling grain Zn content, respectively. Additionally, some Fe-Zn controlling QTLs were co-localized with the yield component QTLs, qTBGW, OsSPL14 and qPN. The QTLs qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qZn6, qZn7 and gRMm9-1 for grain Fe-Zn content reported in earlier studies were validated in this study. CONCLUSION Novel QTLs, qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected for these two traits. Four Fe-Zn controlling QTLs and few yield component QTLs were detected to be co-localized. The QTLs, qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qZn6, qZn7, qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 will be useful for biofortification of the micronutrients. Simultaneous enhancement of Fe-Zn content may be possible with yield component traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Pradhan
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - E. Pandit
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - S. Pawar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - R. Naveenkumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - S. R. Barik
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - S. P. Mohanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - D. K. Nayak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | | | - D. Sanjiba Rao
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. N. Reddy
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
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Zeng H, Zhang X, Ding M, Zhu Y. Integrated analyses of miRNAome and transcriptome reveal zinc deficiency responses in rice seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:585. [PMID: 31878878 PMCID: PMC6933703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most widespread soil constraints affecting rice productivity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Zn deficiency response is still limited. Here, we aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of Zn deficiency response by integrating the analyses of the global miRNA and mRNA expression profiles under Zn deficiency and resupply in rice seedlings by integrating Illumina's high-throughput small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The transcriptome sequencing identified 360 genes that were differentially expressed in the shoots and roots of Zn-deficient rice seedlings, and 97 of them were recovered after Zn resupply. A total of 68 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed under Zn deficiency and/or Zn resupply. The integrated analyses of miRNAome and transcriptome data showed that 12 differentially expressed genes are the potential target genes of 10 Zn-responsive miRNAs such as miR171g-5p, miR397b-5p, miR398a-5p and miR528-5p. Some miRNA genes and differentially expressed genes were selected for validation by quantitative RT-PCR, and their expressions were similar to that of the sequencing results. CONCLUSION These results provide insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory pathways in Zn deficiency response, and provide candidate genes for genetic improvement of Zn deficiency tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000 China
| | - Ming Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Pita-Barbosa A, Ricachenevsky FK, Wilson M, Dottorini T, Salt DE. Transcriptional plasticity buffers genetic variation in zinc homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19482. [PMID: 31862901 PMCID: PMC6925235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, Zn can be either loaded into the xylem for translocation to the shoot or stored in vacuoles. Vacuolar storage is achieved through the action of the Zn/Cd transporter HMA3 (Heavy Metal Atpase 3). The Col-0 accession has an HMA3 loss-of-function allele resulting in high shoot Cd, when compared to accession CSHL-5 which has a functional allele and low shoot Cd. Interestingly, both Col-0 and CSHL-5 have similar shoot Zn concentrations. We hypothesize that plants sense changes in cytosolic Zn that are due to variation in HMA3 function, and respond by altering expression of genes related to Zn uptake, transport and compartmentalisation, in order to maintain Zn homeostasis. The expression level of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis were quantified in both wild-type Col-0 and Col-0::HMA3CSHL-5 plants transformed with the functional CSHL-5 allele of HMA3. We observed significant positive correlations between expression of HMA3 and of genes known to be involved in Zn homeostasis, including ZIP3, ZIP4, MTP1, and bZIP19. The results support our hypothesis that alteration in the level of function of HMA3 is counterbalanced by the fine regulation of the Zn homeostasis gene network in roots of A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pita-Barbosa
- Center for Coastal, Limnology and Marine Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Litoral Norte Campus, Imbé, RS, 95625-000, Brazil
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Felipe K Ricachenevsky
- Biology Department, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Wilson
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Cai Y, Xu W, Wang M, Chen W, Li X, Li Y, Cai Y. Mechanisms and uncertainties of Zn supply on regulating rice Cd uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:959-965. [PMID: 31351304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Application of Zinc (Zn) is considered an effective measure to reduce Cadmium (Cd) uptake and toxicity in Cd-contaminated soils for many plant species. However, interaction between Zn and Cd in rice plant is complex and uncertain. In this study, four indica rice cultivars were selected to evaluate the effect of Zn exposure in an EGTA-buffered nutrient solution under varying Zn activities and a field level of Cd activity to characterize the interaction between Zn and Cd in rice. Severe depression in shoots' biomass, tiller number, and SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) value were found at both Zn deficiency and Zn phytotoxicity levels among four tested rice cultivars. There existed a strong antagonism interaction between Zn and Cd in both shoot and root from Zn deficiency to Zn phytotoxicity. The reduction of Cd accumulation in roots and shoots could be explained by the competition between Zn and Cd as well as the dilution effect of increasing biomass. The conflicting effect of Zn supply on Cd uptake may be attributed to the increasing transfer ratio of Cd from root to shoot with the increasing Zn2+ activities and the strong depression of Fe and Mn in shoots with the increasing Zn2+ activities as well as the variation of genotypes. Balance between Zn and Cd should be considered in field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weibiao Xu
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xuzhi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Yaohui Cai
- Jiangxi Super-rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, 330200, China
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Che J, Yokosho K, Yamaji N, Ma JF. A Vacuolar Phytosiderophore Transporter Alters Iron and Zinc Accumulation in Polished Rice Grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:276-288. [PMID: 31331995 PMCID: PMC6716231 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential metals, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in grains are important sources for seed germination and nutritional requirements, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their loading into grains are poorly understood. Recently, nodes in rice (Oryza sativa) were reported to play an important role in the preferential distribution of mineral elements to the grains. In this study, we functionally characterized a rice gene highly expressed in nodes, OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER), belonging to a major facilitator superfamily. OsVMT is highly expressed in the parenchyma cell bridges of node I, where Fe and Zn are highly deposited. The expression of OsVMT was induced by Fe deficiency in the roots but not in the shoot basal region and uppermost node. OsVMT localized to the tonoplast and showed efflux transport activity for 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA). At the vegetative stage, knockout of OsVMT resulted in decreased DMA but increased ferric Fe in the root cell sap. As a result, the concentration of DMA in the xylem sap increased but that of ferric Fe decreased in the xylem sap in the mutants. In the polished rice grain, the mutants accumulated 1.8- to 2.1-fold, 1.5- to 1.6-fold, and 1.4- to 1.5-fold higher Fe, Zn, and DMA, respectively, than the wild type. Taken together, our results indicate that OsVMT is involved in sequestering DMA into the vacuoles and that knockout of this gene enhances the accumulation of Fe and Zn in polished rice grains through DMA-increased solubilization of Fe and Zn deposited in the node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Che
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kengo Yokosho
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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