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Bockmeyer CL, Säuberlich K, Wittig J, Eßer M, Roeder SS, Vester U, Hoyer PF, Agustian PA, Zeuschner P, Amann K, Daniel C, Becker JU. Comparison of different normalization strategies for the analysis of glomerular microRNAs in IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31992. [PMID: 27553688 PMCID: PMC4995590 DOI: 10.1038/srep31992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been used for normalization in glomerular microRNA (miRNA) quantification without confirmation of validity. Our aim was to identify glomerular reference miRNAs in IgA nephropathy. We compared miRNAs in human paraffin-embedded renal biopsies from patients with cellular-crescentic IgA-GN (n = 5; crescentic IgA-GN) and non-crescentic IgA-GN (n = 5; IgA-GN) to mild interstitial nephritis without glomerular abnormalities (controls, n = 5). Laser-microdissected glomeruli were used for expression profiling of 762 miRNAs by low-density TaqMan arrays (cards A and B). The comparison of different normalization methods (GeNormPlus, NormFinder, global mean and snoRNAs) in crescentic IgA-GN, IgA-GN and controls yielded similar results. However, levels of significance and the range of relative expression differed. In median, two normalization methods demonstrated similar results. GeNormPlus and NormFinder gave different top ranked reference miRNAs. Stability ranking for snoRNAs varied between cards A and B. In conclusion, we suggest the geometric mean of the most stable reference miRNAs found in GeNormPlus (miR-26b-5p), NormFinder (miR-28-5p) and snoRNAs (RNU44) as reference. It should be considered that significant differences could be missed using one particular normalization method. As a starting point for glomerular miRNA studies in IgA nephropathy we provide a library of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens L Bockmeyer
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karen Säuberlich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Wittig
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Eßer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian S Roeder
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Vester
- Children's Hospital, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- Children's Hospital, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Putri A Agustian
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philip Zeuschner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:757-70. [PMID: 27351940 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM IgA nephropathy is one of the leading causes of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and an important etiology of renal disease in young adults. IgA nephropathy is considered an immune complex-mediated disease. METHODS This review article summarizes recent evidence on the pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. RESULTS Current studies indicate an ordered sequence of multi-hits as fundamental to disease occurrence. Altered glycan structures in the hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules act as auto-antigens, potentially triggering the production of glycan-specific autoantibodies. Recognition of novel epitopes by IgA and IgG antibodies leads to the formation of immune complexes galactose deficient-IgA1/anti-glycan IgG or IgA. Immune complexes of IgA combined with FcαRI/CD89 have also been implicated in disease exacerbation. These nephritogenic immune complexes are formed in the circulation and deposited in renal mesangium. Deposited immune complexes ultimately induce glomerular injury, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, secretion of chemokines and the resultant migration of macrophages into the kidney. The TfR1/CD71 receptor has a pivotal role in mesangial cells. New signaling intracellular mechanisms have also been described. CONCLUSION The knowledge of the whole pathophysiology of this disease could provide the rational bases for developing novel approaches for diagnosis, for monitoring disease activity, and for disease-specific treatment.
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Hennino MF, Buob D, Van der Hauwaert C, Gnemmi V, Jomaa Z, Pottier N, Savary G, Drumez E, Noël C, Cauffiez C, Glowacki F. miR-21-5p renal expression is associated with fibrosis and renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27209. [PMID: 27264483 PMCID: PMC4893709 DOI: 10.1038/srep27209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis, whose prognosis is highly variable. Interstitial fibrosis is a strong independent prognosis factor. Among microRNA involved in renal fibrogenesis, only few have been investigated in IgAN. In the context of IgAN, we aimed to analyze the role of miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-199a-5p, three established "fibromiRs" involved in renal fibrosis. Fifty-six IgAN biopsy specimens were retrospectively scored according to Oxford classification. Renal expression of miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-199a-5p were significantly associated with T score (miR-21-5p T0 RQ median = 1.23, T1 RQ = 3.01, T2 RQ = 3.90; miR-214-5p T0 RQ = 1.39, T1 RQ = 2.20, T2 RQ = 2.48; miR-199a-5p T0 RQ = 0.76, T1 RQ = 1.41, T2 RQ = 1.87). miR-21-5p expression was associated with S score (S0 RQ median = 1.31, S1 RQ = 2.65), but not miR-214-3p nor miR-199a-5p. In our cohort, poor renal survival was associated with high blood pressure, proteinuria and elevated creatininemia, as well as T and S scores. Moreover, renal expression of miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p were associated with renal survival. In conclusion, miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-199a-5p are three "fibromiRs" involved in renal fibrosis in the course of IgAN and miR-21-5p and miR-214-3p are associated with renal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Flore Hennino
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes - Service de néphrologie, médecine interne et vasculaire, F-59300 Valenciennes, France
| | - David Buob
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Pathology Department, UMR S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Zacharie Jomaa
- Centre Hospitalier de Cambrai - Service de néphrologie, F-59400 Cambrai, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Grégoire Savary
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elodie Drumez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christian Noël
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Glowacki
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille - Service de néphrologie, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health, F-59000 Lille, France
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Denby L, Baker AH. Targeting non-coding RNA for the therapy of renal disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:70-7. [PMID: 26921871 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules representing a novel class of endogenous negative regulators of gene expression. MiRNA have the ability to bind to specific regions in the 3'UTR of mRNA and repress gene expression through interaction with the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). They have now been implicated in the pathophysiology of many kidney diseases, including the onset and progression of tubulointerstitial and glomerulosclerosis and have potential as biomarkers and as novel targets for treatment. The unique feature of miRNAs to target multiple mRNAs defines that targeting a particular miRNA for therapy could have a dramatic effect on the disease process. This review will focus on our current understanding of the role of miRNA in renal diseases, including diabetes, renal fibrosis, IgA nephropathy and explore the miRNA targets which represent the most promising in terms of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Globally, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis that can progress to renal failure. The exact pathogenesis of IgAN is not well defined, but current biochemical and genetic data implicate overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1. These aberrant immunoglobulins are characterized by galactose deficiency of some hinge-region O-linked glycans. However, aberrant glycosylation alone is insufficient to induce renal injury: the participation of glycan-specific IgA and IgG autoantibodies that recognize the undergalactosylated IgA1 molecule is required. Glomerular deposits of immune complexes containing undergalactosylated IgA1 activate mesangial cells, leading to the local overproduction of cytokines, chemokines and complement. Emerging data indicate that mesangial-derived mediators that are released following mesangial deposition of IgA1 lead to podocyte and tubulointerstitial injury via humoral crosstalk. Patients can present with a range of signs and symptoms, from asymptomatic microscopic haematuria to macroscopic haematuria. The clinical progression varies, with 30-40% of patients reaching end-stage renal disease 20-30 years after the first clinical presentation. Currently, no IgAN-specific therapies are available and patients are managed with the aim of controlling blood pressure and maintaining renal function. However, new therapeutic approaches are being developed, building upon our ever-improving understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Pesce F, Diciolla M, Binetti G, Naso D, Ostuni VC, Di Noia T, Vågane AM, Bjørneklett R, Suzuki H, Tomino Y, Di Sciascio E, Schena FP. Clinical decision support system for end-stage kidney disease risk estimation in IgA nephropathy patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:80-6. [PMID: 26047632 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) depends on several factors that are not quite clear and tangle the risk assessment. We aimed at developing a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for a quantitative risk assessment of ESKD and its timing using available clinical data at the time of renal biopsy. METHODS We included a total of 1040 biopsy-proven IgAN patients with long-term follow-up from Italy (N = 546), Norway (N = 441) and Japan (N = 53). Of these, 241 patients reached ESKD: 104 Italian [median time to ESKD = 5 (3-9) years], 134 Norwegian [median time to ESKD = 6 (2-11) years] and 3 Japanese [median time to ESKD = 3 (2-12) years]. We independently trained and validated two cooperating artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting first the ESKD status and then the time to ESKD (defined as three categories: ≤ 3 years, between > 3 and 8 years and over 8 years). As inputs we used gender, age, histological grading, serum creatinine, 24-h proteinuria and hypertension at the time of renal biopsy. RESULTS The ANNs demonstrated high performance for both the prediction of ESKD (with an AUC of 89.9, 93.3 and 100% in the Italian, Norwegian and Japanese IgAN population, respectively) and its timing (f-measure of 90.7% in the cohort from Italy and 70.8% in the one from Norway). We embedded the two ANNs in a CDSS available online (www.igan.net). Entering the clinical parameters at the time of renal biopsy, the CDSS returns as output the estimated risk and timing of ESKD for the patient. CONCLUSIONS This CDSS provides useful additional information for identifying 'high-risk' IgAN patients and may help stratify them in the context of a personalized medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pesce
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mattea Diciolla
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Binetti
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - David Naso
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Claudio Ostuni
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Di Noia
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ann Merethe Vågane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Renal Research Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Bjørneklett
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Renal Research Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eugenio Di Sciascio
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Schena
- C.A.R.S.O. Consortium, University of Bari, Bari, Italy Schena Foundation, European Research Centre of Kidney Diseases, Bari, Italy
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