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Choi D, Montermini L, Kim DK, Meehan B, Roth FP, Rak J. The Impact of Oncogenic EGFRvIII on the Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1948-1964. [PMID: 30006486 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous form of primary brain tumors, driven by a complex repertoire of oncogenic alterations, including the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). EGFRvIII impacts both cell-intrinsic and non-cell autonomous aspects of GBM progression, including cell invasion, angiogenesis and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This is, at least in part, attributable to the release and intercellular trafficking of extracellular vesicles (EVs), heterogeneous membrane structures containing multiple bioactive macromolecules. Here we analyzed the impact of EGFRvIII on the profile of glioma EVs using isogenic tumor cell lines, in which this oncogene exhibits a strong transforming activity. We observed that EGFRvIII expression alters the expression of EV-regulating genes (vesiculome) and EV properties, including their protein composition. Using mass spectrometry, quantitative proteomic analysis and Gene Ontology terms filters, we observed that EVs released by EGFRvIII-transformed cells were enriched for extracellular exosome and focal adhesion related proteins. Among them, we validated the association of pro-invasive proteins (CD44, BSG, CD151) with EVs of EGFRvIII expressing glioma cells, and downregulation of exosomal markers (CD81 and CD82) relative to EVs of EGFRvIII-negative cells. Nano-flow cytometry revealed that the EV output from individual glioma cell lines was highly heterogeneous, such that only a fraction of vesicles contained specific proteins (including EGFRvIII). Notably, cells expressing EGFRvIII released EVs double positive for CD44/BSG, and these proteins also colocalized in cellular filopodia. We also detected the expression of homophilic adhesion molecules and increased homologous EV uptake by EGFRvIII-positive glioma cells. These results suggest that oncogenic EGFRvIII reprograms the proteome and uptake of GBM-related EVs, a notion with considerable implications for their biological activity and properties relevant for the development of EV-based cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsic Choi
- From the ‡Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Laura Montermini
- From the ‡Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- §Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.,¶Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brian Meehan
- From the ‡Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Frederick P Roth
- §Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.,¶Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.,‖Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- From the ‡Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada;
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52
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Yu T, Wang X, Zhi T, Zhang J, Wang Y, Nie E, Zhou F, You Y, Liu N. Delivery of MGMT mRNA to glioma cells by reactive astrocyte-derived exosomes confers a temozolomide resistance phenotype. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:210-220. [PMID: 30008386 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The glioma-astrocyte interaction plays an important role in tumor microenvironment remodeling; however, the underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. In this study, we show that glioma cells stimulate normal human astrocyte (NHA) into reactive astrocyte (RAS) in a non-contact manner. Additionally, the amount of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT) mRNA in exosomes (EXOs) released by RAS was significantly increased compared with that in non-reactive NHA. Importantly, MGMT-negative glioma cells can take up RAS-EXOs and acquire a temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant phenotype via the translation of exogenous exosomal MGMT mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings illuminate a novel phenomenon that may be a potent mechanism underlying glioma recurrence in which glioma-associated NHAs protect MGMT-negative glioma cells from TMZ-induced apoptosis by the functional intercellular transfer of exosomal MGMT mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - XieFeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tongle Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Er Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Fengqi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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53
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Lefranc F, Le Rhun E, Kiss R, Weller M. Glioblastoma quo vadis: Will migration and invasiveness reemerge as therapeutic targets? Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 68:145-154. [PMID: 30032756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current review is to highlight, on one hand, the fact that the migratory pattern of glioma cells is the major obstacle to combat them with chemotherapy, and on the other one, the new treatment strategies to overcome this obstacle. METHODS This review surveys several membrane and extracellular molecules involved in glioma cell migration, invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis. RESULTS This review focuses on signaling pathways implicated in the positive regulation of glioblastoma cell migration, including glutamate and ion channel networks, microtubes and membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) containing microRNAs. Glioma cells release glutamate to the extracellular matrix, inducing neuronal cell death, which may facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Glioma cell migration and invasion are further facilitated through ion channels and transporters that modify cellular volume. Microtubes and EV promote connections and communication among glioma cells and with the microenvironment and are associated with progression and resistance to therapy. Potential therapies linked to these pathways for glioblastoma are being developed. CONCLUSION Our view is evolving from an intracellular view of the complex intracellular signaling pathways to one of orchestral machinery, including connections between heterogeneous tumoral and nontumoral cells and with the microenvironment through channels, microtubes, and extracellular miRNA, generating different signals at different times. All of these elements give rise to a new perspective for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- University of Lille, U-1192, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U-1192, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, General and Stereotaxic Neurosurgery Service, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital & University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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The novel long non-coding RNA TALNEC2, regulates tumor cell growth and the stemness and radiation response of glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31785-31801. [PMID: 28423669 PMCID: PMC5458248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the median survival of 12-14 months has not changed significantly. Therefore, there is an imperative need to identify molecular mechanisms that play a role in patient survival. Here, we analyzed the expression and functions of a novel lncRNA, TALNEC2 that was identified using RNA seq of E2F1-regulated lncRNAs. TALNEC2 was localized to the cytosol and its expression was E2F1-regulated and cell-cycle dependent. TALNEC2 was highly expressed in GBM with poor prognosis, in GBM specimens derived from short-term survivors and in glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Silencing of TALNEC2 inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the cells in the G1\S phase of the cell cycle in various cancer cell lines. In addition, silencing of TALNEC2 decreased the self-renewal and mesenchymal transformation of GSCs, increased sensitivity of these cells to radiation and prolonged survival of mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts. Using miRNA array analysis, we identified specific miRNAs that were altered in the silenced cells that were associated with cell-cycle progression, proliferation and mesenchymal transformation. Two of the downregulated miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-191, mediated some of TALNEC2 effects on the stemness and mesenchymal transformation of GSCs. In conclusion, we identified a novel E2F1-regulated lncRNA that is highly expressed in GBM and in tumors from patients of short-term survival. The expression of TALNEC2 is associated with the increased tumorigenic potential of GSCs and their resistance to radiation. We conclude that TALNEC2 is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM.
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55
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Sun X, Su Q, You C. Down-regulation of miR-29b in carcinoma associated fibroblasts promotes cell growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39559-39570. [PMID: 28465475 PMCID: PMC5503632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in breast cancer development and progression. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNAs) are the main regulators in CAFs. MiR-29b is one of the significant down-regulated miRNAs in CAFs from the miRNA screening. The role of miR-29b in the interaction between CAFs and breast cancer is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CAFs on breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis regulated by miR-29b. We found that fibroblasts activated by co-cultured breast cancer cells produced higher levels of some chemokines like CCL11, CXCL14, which accelerated breast cancer cell growth and induced drug resistance and metastasis. Increased miR-29b expression in activated fibroblasts could suppress the activating p38-STAT1 signal pathway in breast cancer cells. We also found that the expression of CCL11 and CXCL14 could be regulated by miR-29b in CAFs. Our results illustrate that down-regulation of miR-29b in CAFs plays an important role in tumor stroma by activating p38-STAT1 in breast cancer cells. The study indicates that cancer cells and fibroblasts interaction promotes breast cancer cell growth, drug resistance, migration and invasion due to the lack of miR-29b expression in CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Liu
- Research Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingling Zhang
- Research Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Quanping Su
- Research Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping You
- Research Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
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56
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Berenguer J, Lagerweij T, Zhao XW, Dusoswa S, van der Stoop P, Westerman B, de Gooijer MC, Zoetemelk M, Zomer A, Crommentuijn MHW, Wedekind LE, López-López À, Giovanazzi A, Bruch-Oms M, van der Meulen-Muileman IH, Reijmers RM, van Kuppevelt TH, García-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y, Tannous BA, Wesseling P, Koppers-Lalic D, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, van Beusechem VW, van Rheenen J, Pegtel DM, van Tellingen O, Wurdinger T. Glycosylated extracellular vesicles released by glioblastoma cells are decorated by CCL18 allowing for cellular uptake via chemokine receptor CCR8. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1446660. [PMID: 29696074 PMCID: PMC5912193 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1446660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain functional biomolecules such as RNA and proteins. EVs are transferred to recipient cancer cells and can promote tumour progression and therapy resistance. Through RNAi screening, we identified a novel EV uptake mechanism involving a triple interaction between the chemokine receptor CCR8 on the cells, glycans exposed on EVs and the soluble ligand CCL18. This ligand acts as bridging molecule, connecting EVs to cancer cells. We show that glioblastoma EVs promote cell proliferation and resistance to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Using in vitro and in vivo stem-like glioblastoma models, we demonstrate that EV-induced phenotypes are neutralised by a small molecule CCR8 inhibitor, R243. Interference with chemokine receptors may offer therapeutic opportunities against EV-mediated cross-talk in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Berenguer
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Dusoswa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Stoop
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Department of Bio-Pharmacy/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Zoetemelk
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anoek Zomer
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matheus H W Crommentuijn
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Bio-Pharmacy/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurine E Wedekind
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Àlan López-López
- Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberta Giovanazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Bruch-Oms
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier M Reijmers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Matrix Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan-Jesús García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - W Peter Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Matrix Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Bio-Pharmacy/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shi J, Dong B, Cao J, Mao Y, Guan W, Peng Y, Wang S. Long non-coding RNA in glioma: signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27582-27592. [PMID: 28187439 PMCID: PMC5432359 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is regarded as the most prevalent malignant carcinoma of the central nervous system. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting glioma is of significant clinical importance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules without a protein-coding function and are reportedly involved in the initiation and progression of glioma. Dysregulation of lncRNAs in glioma is due to activation of several signaling pathways, such as the BRD4-HOTAIR-β-catenin/PDCD4, p53-Hif-H19/IGF2 and CRNDE/mTOR pathways. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-675 also interact with lncRNAs in glioma. Thus, exploring the mechanisms by which lncRNA control processes will be instrumental for devising new effective therapies against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiachao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yumin Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Suinuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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58
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Khalil S, Fabbri E, Santangelo A, Bezzerri V, Cantù C, Di Gennaro G, Finotti A, Ghimenton C, Eccher A, Dechecchi M, Scarpa A, Hirshman B, Chen C, Ferracin M, Negrini M, Gambari R, Cabrini G. miRNA array screening reveals cooperative MGMT-regulation between miR-181d-5p and miR-409-3p in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28195-206. [PMID: 27057640 PMCID: PMC5053720 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are relevant in predicting the response to the alkylating chemotherapy in patients affected by glioblastoma. MGMT promoter methylation and the published MGMT regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) do not completely explain the expression pattern of MGMT in clinical glioblastoma specimens. Here we used a genome-wide microarray-based approach to identify MGMT regulating miRNAs. Our screen unveiled three novel MGMT regulating miRNAs, miR-127-3p, miR-409-3p, and miR-124-3p, in addition to the previously identified miR-181d-5p. Transfection of these three novel miRNAs into the T98G glioblastoma cell line suppressed MGMT mRNA and protein expression. However, their MGMT- suppressive effects are 30–50% relative that seen with miR-181d-5p transfection. In silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) revealed that miR-181d-5p is the only miRNA that consistently exhibited inverse correlation with MGMT mRNA expression. However, statistical models incorporating both miR-181d-5p and miR-409-3p expression better predict MGMT expression relative to models involving either miRNA alone. Our results confirmed miR-181d-5p as the key MGMT-regulating miRNA. Other MGMT regulating miRNAs, including the miR-409-3p identified in this report, modify the effect of miR-181d-5p on MGMT expression. MGMT expression is, thus, regulated by cooperative interaction between key MGMT-regulating miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Khalil
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santangelo
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cantù
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Gennaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Dechecchi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET), University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Brian Hirshman
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-oncology, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clark Chen
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuro-oncology, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Section of Pathology and Histology, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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59
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Molecular Determinants of Malignant Brain Cancers: From Intracellular Alterations to Invasion Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122774. [PMID: 29261132 PMCID: PMC5751372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma cells invade the surrounding brain parenchyma, by migrating along the blood vessels, thus promoting cancer growth. The biological bases of these activities are grounded in profound alterations of the metabolism and the structural organization of the cells, which consequently acquire the ability to modify the surrounding microenvironment, by altering the extracellular matrix and affecting the properties of the other cells present in the brain, such as normal glial-, endothelial- and immune-cells. Most of the effects on the surrounding environment are probably exerted through the release of a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain many different classes of molecules, from genetic material to defined species of lipids and enzymes. EV-associated molecules can be either released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and/or transferred to neighboring cells: as a consequence, both deep modifications of the recipient cell phenotype and digestion of ECM components are obtained, thus causing cancer propagation, as well as a general brain dysfunction. In this review, we first analyze the main intracellular and extracellular transformations required for glioma cell invasion into the brain parenchyma; then we discuss how these events may be attributed, at least in part, to EVs that, like the pawns of a dramatic chess game with cancer, open the way to the tumor cells themselves.
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60
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Ma X, Li Z, Li T, Zhu L, Li Z, Tian N. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR enhances angiogenesis by induction of VEGFA expression in glioma cells and transmission to endothelial cells via glioma cell derived-extracellular vesicles. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5012-5021. [PMID: 29218099 PMCID: PMC5714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are one the most prevalent malignant carcinomas of the central nervous system, and angiogenesis plays a critical role in the progression of these blood vessel-rich tumors. HOTAIR, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), acts as an oncogene in gliomas; however, its role in glioma angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a pro-angiogenic activity of HOTAIR. Silencing HOTAIR inhibited glioma-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Further studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was involved in the HOTAIR-induced glioma angiogenesis. Our study also showed that HOTAIR was present in the glioma cell culture supernatant and was protected by membranes, suggesting that HOTAIR may affect glioma angiogenesis not only via regulation of VEGFA expression in the glioma cells, but also by transmission into endothelial cells via glioma cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053, China
| | - Linwensi Zhu
- College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenshengnan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Nan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053, China
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61
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Yang J, Liu R, Deng Y, Qian J, Lu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Luo F, Chu Y. MiR-15a/16 deficiency enhances anti-tumor immunity of glioma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through targeting mTOR. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2082-2092. [PMID: 28758198 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MiR-15a/16, a miRNA cluster located at chromosome 13q14, has been reported to act as an immune regulator in inflammatory disorders besides its aberrant expression in cancers. However, little is known about its regulation in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In our study, using an orthotropic GL261 mouse glioma model, we found that miR-15a/16 deficiency in host inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mice survival, which might be associated with the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. More importantly, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells without miR-15a/16 showed lower expression of PD-1, Tim-3 and LAG-3, and stronger secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α than WT tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Also, our in vitro experiments further confirmed that miR-15a/16-/- CD8+ T displayed higher active phenotypes, more cytokines secretion and faster expansion, compared to WT CD8+ T cells. Mechanismly, mTOR was identified as a target gene of miR-15a/16 to negatively regulate the activation of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-15a/16 deficiency resists the exhaustion and maintains the activation of glioma-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to alleviate glioma progression via targeting mTOR. Our findings provide evidence for the potential immunotherapy through targeting miR-15a/16 in tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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62
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Caicedo A, Aponte PM, Cabrera F, Hidalgo C, Khoury M. Artificial Mitochondria Transfer: Current Challenges, Advances, and Future Applications. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7610414. [PMID: 28751917 PMCID: PMC5511681 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to outline existing artificial mitochondria transfer techniques and to describe the future steps necessary to develop new therapeutic applications in medicine. Inspired by the symbiotic origin of mitochondria and by the cell's capacity to transfer these organelles to damaged neighbors, many researchers have developed procedures to artificially transfer mitochondria from one cell to another. The techniques currently in use today range from simple coincubations of isolated mitochondria and recipient cells to the use of physical approaches to induce integration. These methods mimic natural mitochondria transfer. In order to use mitochondrial transfer in medicine, we must answer key questions about how to replicate aspects of natural transport processes to improve current artificial transfer methods. Another priority is to determine the optimum quantity and cell/tissue source of the mitochondria in order to induce cell reprogramming or tissue repair, in both in vitro and in vivo applications. Additionally, it is important that the field explores how artificial mitochondria transfer techniques can be used to treat different diseases and how to navigate the ethical issues in such procedures. Without a doubt, mitochondria are more than mere cell power plants, as we continue to discover their potential to be used in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro M. Aponte
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Cabrera
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), 170901 Quito, Ecuador
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), INSERM U1183, 2 Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen Hidalgo
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
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63
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Godlewski J, Ferrer-Luna R, Rooj AK, Mineo M, Ricklefs F, Takeda YS, Nowicki MO, Salińska E, Nakano I, Lee H, Weissleder R, Beroukhim R, Chiocca EA, Bronisz A. MicroRNA Signatures and Molecular Subtypes of Glioblastoma: The Role of Extracellular Transfer. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1497-1505. [PMID: 28528698 PMCID: PMC5470095 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of molecular subtype classification of glioblastoma (GBM), the extent of extracellular vesicle (EV)-driven molecular and phenotypic reprogramming remains poorly understood. To reveal complex subpopulation dynamics within the heterogeneous intratumoral ecosystem, we characterized microRNA expression and secretion in phenotypically diverse subpopulations of patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). As EVs and microRNAs convey information that rearranges the molecular landscape in a cell type-specific manner, we argue that intratumoral exchange of microRNA augments the heterogeneity of GSC that is reflected in highly heterogeneous profile of microRNA expression in GBM subtypes. MicroRNA signatures reveal tissue heterogeneity in defined glioblastoma subtypes GSC EV/microRNA acts via cell-dependent targeting, propagating intratumoral heterogeneity EV/microRNAs modify molecular landscape, acting in tumor anatomic sites
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ruben Ferrer-Luna
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cancer Program, BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Arun K Rooj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marco Mineo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuji S Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Oskar Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elżbieta Salińska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35243, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Department of Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cancer Program, BROAD Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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64
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Alural B, Ayyildiz ZO, Tufekci KU, Genc S, Genc K. Erythropoietin Promotes Glioblastoma via miR-451 Suppression. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017. [PMID: 28629521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an erythropoiesis stimulating growth factor and hormone. EPO has been widely used in the treatment of chronic renal failure, cancer, and chemotherapy-related anemia for three decades. However, many clinical trials showed that EPO treatment may be associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. EPO is able to cross blood-brain barriers, and this may lead to an increased possibility of central nervous system tumors such as glioblastoma. Indeed, EPO promotes glioblastoma growth and invasion in animal studies. Additionally, EPO increases glioblastoma cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistancy in vitro. However, the exact mechanisms of cancer progression induced by EPO treatment are not fully understood. Posttranscriptional gene regulation through microRNAs may contribute to EPO's cellular and biological effects in tumor progression. Here, we aimed to study whether tumor suppressive microRNA, miR-451, counteracts the positive effects of EPO on U87 human glioblastoma cell line. Migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. We found that EPO decreased basal miR-451 expression and increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin chemoresistancy in vitro. miR-451 overexpression by transfection of its mimic significantly reversed these effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-451 inhibited expression of its own target genes, such as metalloproteinases-2 and -9, which are stimulated by EPO treatment and involved in carcinogenesis processes, especially invasion. These findings suggest that miR-451 mimic delivery may be useful as adjuvant therapy in addition to chemotherapy and anemia treatment by EPO and should be tested in experimental glioblastoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alural
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep O Ayyildiz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal U Tufekci
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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65
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Zhao L, Yu J, Wang J, Li H, Che J, Cao B. Isolation and Identification of miRNAs in exosomes derived from serum of colon cancer patients. J Cancer 2017; 8:1145-1152. [PMID: 28607588 PMCID: PMC5463428 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To isolate exosomes from the serum of colon cancer patients and identify RNAs in the small vesicles. Methods: ExoQuick-TC™ Exosome Precipitation Solution was used for exosome isolation and the shapes of exosomes were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the classification of miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes, and the expression levels of miRNA-21,-133a, and -181b in exosomes were detected by RT-PCR. Results: Exosomes isolated from serum of colon cancer patients were circular-or oval-shaped and vary in size with a diameter of 40-100 nm. Mass spectrometry shows that the main RNAs in exosomes are small RNAs; the levels of these small RNAs in exosomes are significantly higher compared with fresh serum. There is still a tiny amount of small RNAs in exosome-free serum, but the amounts are significantly lower than that in exosomes. No more RNAs were detected in the repeated freezing and thawing serum, but there were still some RNAs detectable in the exosomes extracted from these serums. MiRNA-21, -133a and -181b can be detected in exosomes, and the level of miRNA-21 is associated with early diagnosis of colon cancer. Conclusion: This study proves that commercial kits for exosome separation are more convenient and time-saving and that mass spectrometry is capable of identifying the miRNAs in exosomes. Compared with direct extraction of miRNAs from the serum, the method of isolating exosomes from the serum firstly and then extracting miRNAs from the exosomes can enhance the stability and integrity of their inner miRNAs. Also, we demonstrate that the exosomal miRNA-21 expression is associated with the early diagnosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juanjuan Che
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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66
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André-Grégoire G, Gavard J. Spitting out the demons: Extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:164-172. [PMID: 27736300 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1247145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered decades ago, extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as dedicated organelles, able to deliver protected, specific cellular cues throughout the organism. While virtually every cell can release EVs, cancer cells co-opted this feature and efficiently unleashed them both in the tumor microenvironment and toward healthy tissues. This might contribute to tumor aggressiveness and spreading. Cancer-derived EVs that contain DNA, mRNA, miRNA, and packed and transmembrane proteins can operate locally or at distance. This review will focus on the high-grade brain tumor (i.e. glioblastoma)-derived EVs, discussing recent reports on i) their phenotype and content, ii) their putative functions, and iii) their clinical potential for improving diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennan André-Grégoire
- a CRCNA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France.,b Team SOAP, CNRS , Nantes , France
| | - Julie Gavard
- a CRCNA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France.,b Team SOAP, CNRS , Nantes , France
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67
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Giusti I, Delle Monache S, Di Francesco M, Sanità P, D'Ascenzo S, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Dolo V. From glioblastoma to endothelial cells through extracellular vesicles: messages for angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12743-12753. [PMID: 27448307 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma has one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, and it is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer. Among the typical features of glioblastoma tumors, there is an aberrant vascularization: all gliomas are among the most vascularized/angiogenic tumors. In recent years, it has become clear that glioblastoma cells can secrete extracellular vesicles which are spherical and membrane-enclosed particles released, in vitro or in vivo, by both normal and tumor cells; they are involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes; among the latter, cancer is the most widely studied. Extracellular vesicles from tumor cells convey messages to other tumor cells, but also to normal stromal cells in order to create a microenvironment that supports cancer growth and progression and are implicated in drug resistance, escape from immunosurveillance and from apoptosis, as well as in metastasis formation; they are also involved in angiogenesis stimulation, inducing endothelial cells proliferation, and other pro-angiogenic activities. To this aim, the present paper assesses in detail the extracellular vesicles phenomenon in the human glioblastoma cell line U251 and evaluates extracellular vesicles ability to promote the processes required to achieve the formation of new blood vessels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, highlighting that they stimulate proliferation, motility, and tube formation in a dose-response manner. Moreover, a molecular characterization shows that extracellular vesicles are fully equipped for angiogenesis stimulation in terms of proteolytic enzymes (gelatinases and plasminogen activators), pro-angiogenic growth factors (VEGF and TGFβ), and the promoting-angiogenic CXCR4 chemokine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sanità
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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68
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Touat M, Duran-Peña A, Alentorn A, Lacroix L, Massard C, Idbaih A. Emerging circulating biomarkers in glioblastoma: promises and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 15:1311-23. [PMID: 26394701 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The past few years have seen major progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of GBM. These advances, which have contributed to the development of novel targeted therapies, will change the paradigms in GBM therapy from disease-based to individually tailored molecular target-based treatment. No validated circulating biomarkers have yet been integrated into clinical practice for GBM. There is thus a critical need to implement minimally invasive clinical tests enabling molecular stratification and prognosis assessment, as well as the prediction and monitoring of treatment response. After examination of data from recent studies exploring several categories of tumor-associated biomarkers (circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids and oncometabolites) identified in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine, this article discusses the challenges and prospects for the development of circulating biomarkers in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Touat
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alberto Duran-Peña
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Agusti Alentorn
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,e 5 Département de biologie médicale et de pathologie, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,f 6 Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle et centre de ressources biologiques, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
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69
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Mineo M, Ricklefs F, Rooj AK, Lyons SM, Ivanov P, Ansari KI, Nakano I, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Bronisz A. The Long Non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS2 Facilitates the Maintenance of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells in Hypoxic Niches. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2500-9. [PMID: 27264189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an undefined role in the pathobiology of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These tumors are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous with transcriptome subtype-specific GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) that adapt to the brain tumor microenvironment, including hypoxic niches. We identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-antisense RNA 2 (HIF1A-AS2) as a subtype-specific hypoxia-inducible lncRNA, upregulated in mesenchymal GSCs. Its deregulation affects GSC growth, self-renewal, and hypoxia-dependent molecular reprogramming. Among the HIF1A-AS2 interactome, IGF2BP2 and DHX9 were identified as direct partners. This association was needed for maintenance of expression of their target gene, HMGA1. Downregulation of HIF1A-AS2 led to delayed growth of mesenchymal GSC tumors, survival benefits, and impaired expression of HMGA1 in vivo. Our data demonstrate that HIF1A-AS2 contributes to GSCs' speciation and adaptation to hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment, acting directly through its interactome and targets and indirectly by modulating responses to hypoxic stress depending on the subtype-specific genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mineo
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Arun K Rooj
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35243-2823, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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70
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Ricklefs F, Mineo M, Rooj AK, Nakano I, Charest A, Weissleder R, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J, Bronisz A. Extracellular Vesicles from High-Grade Glioma Exchange Diverse Pro-oncogenic Signals That Maintain Intratumoral Heterogeneity. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2876-81. [PMID: 27013191 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A lack of experimental models of tumor heterogeneity limits our knowledge of the complex subpopulation dynamics within the tumor ecosystem. In high-grade gliomas (HGG), distinct hierarchical cell populations arise from different glioma stem-like cell (GSC) subpopulations. Extracellular vesicles (EV) shed by cells may serve as conduits of genetic and signaling communications; however, little is known about how HGG heterogeneity may impact EV content and activity. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of EVs isolated from patient-derived GSC of either proneural or mesenchymal subtypes. EV signatures were heterogeneous, but reflected the molecular make-up of the GSC and consistently clustered into the two subtypes. EV-borne protein cargos transferred between proneural and mesenchymal GSC increased protumorigenic behaviors in vitro and in vivo Clinically, analyses of HGG patient data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that proneural tumors with mesenchymal EV signatures or mesenchymal tumors with proneural EV signatures were both associated with worse outcomes, suggesting influences by the proportion of tumor cells of varying subtypes in tumors. Collectively, our findings illuminate the heterogeneity among tumor EVs and the complexity of HGG heterogeneity, which these EVs help to maintain. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2876-81. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mineo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arun K Rooj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Al Charest
- Department of Neurosurgery, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Bronisz A, Godlewski J, Chiocca EA. Extracellular Vesicles and MicroRNAs: Their Role in Tumorigenicity and Therapy for Brain Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:361-76. [PMID: 26983830 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, microRNAs have also been found to be localized to the extracellular space, often encapsulated in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). This tandem of EVs and tissue-specific expressed/secreted microRNAs that can be taken up by neighboring or distant recipient cells, leading to changes in gene expression-suggests a cell-specialized role in physiological and pathological conditions. The complexity of solid tumors and their distinct pathophysiology relies on interactive communications between the various cell types in the neoplasm (tumor, endothelial, or macrophages, for instance). Understanding how such EV/microRNA-mediated communication occurs may actually lead to avenues for therapeutic exploitation and/or intervention, particularly for the most formidable cancers, such as those in the brain. In this review, the role of microRNAs/EVs in brain tumors will be discussed with emphasis on how these molecules could be utilized for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bronisz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Rooj AK, Bronisz A, Godlewski J. The role of octamer binding transcription factors in glioblastoma multiforme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:805-11. [PMID: 26968235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A group of transcription factors (TF) that are master developmental regulators of the establishment and maintenance of pluripotency during embryogenesis play additional roles to control tissue homeostasis and regeneration in adults. Among these TFs, members of the octamer-binding transcription factor (OCT) gene family are well documented as major regulators controlling the self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells isolated from different adult organs including the brain. In the last few years a large number of studies show the aberrant expression and dysfunction of OCT in different types of cancers including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and contains a subpopulation of undifferentiated stem cells (GSCs), with self-renewal and tumorigenic potential that contribute to tumor initiation, invasion, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about OCT family in GBM and their crucial role in the initiation, maintenance and drug resistance properties of GSCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Oct Transcription Factor Family, edited by Dr. Dean Tantin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Rooj
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Godlewski
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Currently, gliomas are diagnosed by neuroimaging, and refined diagnosis requires resection or biopsy to obtain tumour tissue for histopathological classification and grading. Blood-derived biomarkers, therefore, would be useful as minimally invasive markers that could support diagnosis and enable monitoring of tumour growth and response to treatment. Such circulating biomarkers could distinguish true progression from therapy-associated changes such as radiation necrosis, and help evaluate the persistence or disappearance of a therapeutic target, such as an oncoprotein or a targetable gene mutation, after targeted therapy. Unlike for other tumours, circulating biomarkers for gliomas are still being defined and are not yet in use in clinical practice. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) isolated from plasma has been shown to reflect the mutational status of glioblastoma, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing ctDNA, microRNA and proteins function as rapidly adapting reservoirs for glioma biomarkers such as typical DNA mutations, regulatory microRNAs and oncoproteins. Ideally, circulating tumour cells could enable profiling of the whole-tumour genome, but they are difficult to detect and can reflect only a single cell type of the heterogeneous tumour composition, whereas EVs reflect the complex heterogeneity of the whole tumour, as well as its adaptations to therapy. Although all categories of potential blood-derived biomarkers need to be developed further, findings from other tumour types suggest that EVs are the most promising biomarkers.
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Wong HKA, Fatimy RE, Onodera C, Wei Z, Yi M, Mohan A, Gowrisankaran S, Karmali P, Marcusson E, Wakimoto H, Stephens R, Uhlmann EJ, Song JS, Tannous B, Krichevsky AM. The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis Predicts MicroRNA for Targeting Cancer Growth and Vascularization in Glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1234-1247. [PMID: 25903473 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified microRNAs associated with glioblastoma (GBM) survival, and predicted their functions in glioma growth and progression. Inhibition of two "risky" miRNAs, miR-148a and miR-31, in orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse models suppressed tumor growth and thereby prolonged animal survival. Intracranial tumors treated with uncomplexed miR-148a and miR-31 antagomirs exhibited reduced proliferation, stem cell depletion, and normalized tumor vasculature. Growth-promoting functions of these two miRNAs were, in part, mediated by the common target, the factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (FIH1), and the downstream pathways involving hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α and Notch signaling. Therefore, miR-31 and miR-148a regulate glioma growth by maintaining tumor stem cells and their niche, and providing the tumor a way to activate angiogenesis even in a normoxic environment. This is the first study that demonstrates intratumoral uptake and growth-inhibiting effects of uncomplexed antagomirs in orthotopic glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Kit Andus Wong
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Courtney Onodera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Athul Mohan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sindhuja Gowrisankaran
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Karmali
- Regulus Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Stephens
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun S Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Current Address: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Current Address: Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Bakhos Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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