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Jiang Q, Zhou XY, Wang L, Yu W, Wang P, Cao W, Tang XP. A one-year evaluation of radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated by Qingre Huoxue Decoction (). Chin J Integr Med 2011; 18:256-61. [PMID: 21853348 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Qingre Huoxue Decoction , clearing heat and promoting blood flow; QRHXD), on the radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by X-ray imaging. METHODS Eighty-six patients with active RA diagnosed as damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome were randomized into a QRHXD group and a QRHXD plus methotrexate (MTX) group, with 43 cases in each group. After one-year of treatment, 21 cases in each group (42 in total) were evaluated. Radiographs of hands were obtained at the baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Images were evaluated by investigators blinded to chronology and clinical data, and assessed according to the Sharp/Van der Heijde methods. RESULTS High intrareader agreements were reached (mean intraobserver intraclass coefficients: 0.95). No significant change in any imaging parameters of joint destruction was observed at 12 months in either group; and the differences between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). The mean of the changing score in the QRHXD group was 3.5 ± 4.1, and 2.4 ± 3.5 in the QRHXD+MTX group, while the baseline radiographic score of patients in the QRHXD group was relatively higher (18.9 ± 19.1 vs. 14.0 ± 14.0). The mean rates of the changing scores of the two groups were similar (0.24 ± 0.28 vs. 0.25 ± 0.44, P=0.40). The severity of progression in the two groups was also similar (P=0.46), 7 cases without radiographic progression in the QRHXD group and 8 in the QRHXD+MTX group, 3 cases with obvious radiographic progression in the QRHXD group and 1 in the QRHXD+MTX group. CONCLUSION Radiographic progression of RA patients in both groups is similar, indicating that the QRHXD Decoction has a potential role in preventing bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350003, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires strategies for treatment timing and treatment choices. To help rheumatologists choose the right treatment at the right time, this review describes recent trial outcomes, and studies into possible predictors for treatment strategy outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Very early treatment with abatacept was clinically effective, but prevention of RA or remission induction has not been achieved. In general, patients with recent onset RA have earlier clinical improvement when treated with initial combination therapy with prednisone or a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor than when treated with initial monotherapy. Recent studies present data on patient-reported outcomes and show that the benefit of suppression of joint damage progression is maintained over time. For individual patients initial monotherapy may be sufficient. Biomarkers for response to treatment are promising, but are not ready for use in daily practice. A recently developed prediction model based on simple clinical predictors may be more useful to avoid overtreatment and undertreatment. SUMMARY Risk estimation, for instance using a prediction model, may help to decide whether patients with recent onset RA should start with monotherapy or combination therapy. Early treatment is important, but permanent remission induction is still a future target.
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Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the most frequently used drug in combination treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics in rheumatoid arthritis. DMARD combinations are usually the second step after unsuccessful MTX monotherapy. Evidence-based combinations of MTX+leflunomide, MTX+cyclosporine and triple combination MTX+sulphasalazine+hydroxychloroquine (complemented by glucocorticoids) showed the best results.In the case of insufficient response to the DMARD combination, MTX should be used in combination with a biologic. To date, the most frequent biologic treatment is with TNF inhibitors, but studies have shown that all biologics (with the exception of Anakinra) have comparable success rates. The combination of MTX plus abatacept, MTX plus rituximab and MTX plus tocilizumab are very promising, both clinically and in terms of blocking radiological progression. The efficacy of biological therapy is generally better using MTX combination than monotherapy.The safety of MTX combination treatment with DMARDs is not significantly lower than that of the individual substances; therefore, the required safety controls are also the same.
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Papagoras C, Drosos AA. Abatacept: a biologic immune modulator for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1113-29. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.592825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated conditions that share an inflammatory mechanism fuelled by excessive cytokines, particularly TNF. Control of inflammation and rapid suppression of cytokines are important in treating these diseases. With this understanding and the corresponding advent of TNF inhibitors, RA patients, AS patients and PsA patients have found more choices than ever before and have greater hope of sustained relief. As a widely used TNF inhibitor, infliximab has a deep and established record of efficacy and safety data. Extensive evidence - from randomised controlled clinical trials, large registries and postmarketing surveillance studies - shows that infliximab effectively treats the signs and symptoms, provides rapid and prolonged suppression of inflammation, prevents radiologically observable disease progression and offers an acceptable safety profile in RA, AS and PsA. In very recent studies, investigators have observed drug-free remission in some patients. Additionally, infliximab may interfere with rapidly progressing disease in RA by early addition to methotrexate in patients with signs of an aggressive course. Finally, infliximab has been shown to reduce PsA clinical manifestations such as nail involvement. With our current understanding, substantial data and increasing confidence regarding use in practice, infliximab can be considered a well-known drug in our continued campaign against inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Poddubnyy D, Rudwaleit M. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 10:655-73. [PMID: 21554150 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2011.581661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last couple of years, the number of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases being treated with TNF α antagonist has increased dramatically. Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF α, is one of the most frequently administered TNF α antagonists. Yet, unresolved issues are the long-term safety of TNF α antagonists and high treatment costs. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize the available data on short- and long-term efficacy and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. The reader will find a comprehensive overview on the safety and efficacy of adalimumab for these conditions. Clinically relevant questions of adalimumab therapy are discussed. A special focus of this review is on the safety of adalimumab therapy. EXPERT OPINION Adalimumab is effective and reasonably safe in the short- and long-term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis who do not respond to the standard therapy. It inhibits radiographic progression in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Treatment with a TNF α inhibitor such as adalimumab is associated with high treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Poddubnyy
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Rheumatology , Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin , Germany
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Polido-Pereira J, Vieira-Sousa E, Fonseca JE. Rheumatoid arthritis: what is refractory disease and how to manage it? Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:707-13. [PMID: 21570496 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enthusiastic progresses in the field of rheumatoid arthritis pharmacotherapy the presence of prognostic factors associated with an unfavorable outcome and the inappropriate and/or delayed initiation of DMARDs can diminish the likelihood of achieving remission and increase the probability of refractoriness to treatment. During the last decade we have experience exciting developments regarding the approval of new treatment options but few patients are reaching sustained remission and refractory patients continue to be a problem. Thus, it is critical to understand how clinicians can decrease the risk of refractoriness by close monitoring disease activity, using well defined and accepted composite measures, and by early and optimized use of DMARDs, including biologics. The goal of this review paper is to offer an evidence based roadmap to prevent and to deal with refractory RA.
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Bosello S, Fedele AL, Peluso G, Gremese E, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G. Very early rheumatoid arthritis is the major predictor of major outcomes: clinical ACR remission and radiographic non-progression. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1292-5. [PMID: 21515600 PMCID: PMC3103665 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.142729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To identify predictors of clinical remission as well as of no x-ray progression in a cohort of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) treated with a tight-control protocol. Methods A total of 121 consecutive patients with ERA were treated to reach European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and/or American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical remission with methotrexate (MTX) for 3 months, then with a combination with anti-tumour necrosis factor if the patient did not achieve a 44-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS44) ≤2.4. At baseline and after 12 months all the patients had hand and foot joint radiographs. Very early rheumatoid arthritis (VERA) was defined as a disease with symptoms of less than 12 weeks. Results In all, 46.3% of the patients reached DAS remission and 24.8% achieved ACR remission. More than 60% of patients reached remission with MTX. Male sex and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate <35 mm/h at onset arose as significant predictors of EULAR remission, while VERA disease was the only predictor of ACR remission. At baseline, 28.1% of the patients were erosive. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the only independent predictor of erosiveness was ‘not having VERA disease’. After 12 months, VERA was the only factor predicting a lack of new erosions. Conclusions VERA represents the best therapeutic opportunity in clinical practice to achieve a complete remission and to stop the erosive course of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bosello
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23:317-24. [PMID: 21448013 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328346809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Verschueren P, Westhovens R. Optimal care for early RA patients: the challenge of translating scientific data into clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1194-200. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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van Vollenhoven RF. Unresolved issues in biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011; 7:205-15. [PMID: 21386796 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advent of biologic therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has radically changed this therapeutic area. The currently available biologic agents have been studied extensively as part of their development and also during their subsequent years of use in clinical practice; as a result, the knowledge base regarding these therapeutics is very large. Nonetheless, a number of important questions remain and some key issues are still incompletely understood. In this Review, I discuss a number of these unresolved issues, including: the correct placement of biologic therapies in the long-term evolution of the RA disease process, and the expectations associated with such use; comparisons of therapeutic strategies that include conventional as well as biologic agents; optimal dosing of biologic agents; the elusive goal of personalized therapy; and an appraisal of the real impact of biologic therapy on patients' lives. It is concluded that, despite these unresolved issues, important progress has been made and many additional advances in our understanding can be expected during the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F van Vollenhoven
- Unit for Clinical Therapy Research, Inflammatory Diseases, The Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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KEYSTONE EDWARDC, CURTIS JEFFREYR, FLEISCHMANN ROYM, FURST DANIELE, KHANNA DINESH, SMOLEN JOSEFS, MEASE PHILIPJ, SCHIFF MICHAELH, COTEUR GEOFFROY, DAVIES OWEN, COMBE BERNARD. Rapid Improvement in the Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Certolizumab Pegol Treatment Predicts Better Longterm Outcomes: Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:990-6. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To assess the kinetics of response to certolizumab pegol (CZP), and association between rapid response and longterm outcomes, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.This was a post-hoc analysis of the randomized, double-blind RAPID 1 study in patients who received methotrexate (MTX) and either CZP 200 mg subcutaneously or placebo every 2 weeks for 52 weeks. Clinical and radiographic outcomes at Week 52 were evaluated based on the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) ≥ 1.2 and American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) responses at Week 6 and Week 12.Results.Clinical responses [European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), DAS28 ≥ 1.2, and ACR20 responses] were rapid in CZP-treated patients. Week 12 DAS28 ≥ 1.2 responders had better clinical and radiographic outcomes at Week 52 compared with nonresponders. Among Week 12 responders, incremental benefit of earlier response was observed: Week 6 DAS28 ≥ 1.2 responders and ACR20 responders had significantly higher ACR response rates and were more likely to achieve remission at Week 52 than Week 12 responders. Patients with a clinical response at Week 6 had faster, more meaningful sustained improvements in patient-derived outcomes than those responding by Week 12 only.Conclusion.Rapid attainment of clinical response in patients with RA is associated with improved longterm outcomes. Analysis of the kinetics of response to CZP during the first 12 weeks of therapy potentially permits informed prediction of clinical success or need to alter treatment. In patients not achieving a clinical response at Week 12 treatment adjustment should be considered. Trial registration NCT00152386.
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Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell LJ, MacDonald JK, Filippini G, Skoetz N, Francis DK, Lopes LC, Guyatt GH, Schmitt J, La Mantia L, Weberschock T, Roos JF, Siebert H, Hershan S, Cameron C, Lunn MPT, Tugwell P, Buchbinder R. Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 2011:CD008794. [PMID: 21328309 PMCID: PMC7173749 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008794.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologics are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and many other conditions. While the efficacy of biologics has been established, there is uncertainty regarding the adverse effects of this treatment. Since serious risks such as tuberculosis (TB) reactivation, serious infections, and lymphomas may be common to the biologics but occur in small numbers across the various indications, we planned to combine the results from biologics used in many conditions to obtain the much needed risk estimates. OBJECTIVES To compare the adverse effects of tumor necrosis factor blocker (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, certolizumab), interleukin (IL)-1 antagonist (anakinra), IL-6 antagonist (tocilizumab), anti-CD28 (abatacept), and anti-B cell (rituximab) therapy in patients with any disease condition except human immunodeficiency disease (HIV/AIDS). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and open-label extension (OLE) studies that studied one of the nine biologics for use in any indication (with the exception of HIV/AIDS) and that reported our pre-specified adverse outcomes were considered for inclusion. We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE (to January 2010). Identifying search results and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. For the network meta-analysis, we performed mixed-effects logistic regression using an arm-based, random-effects model within an empirical Bayes framework. MAIN RESULTS We included 163 RCTs with 50,010 participants and 46 extension studies with 11,954 participants. The median duration of RCTs was six months and 13 months for OLEs. Data were limited for tuberculosis (TB) reactivation, lymphoma, and congestive heart failure. Adjusted for dose, biologics as a group were associated with a statistically significant higher rate of total adverse events (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30; number needed to treat to harm (NNTH) = 30, 95% CI 21 to 60) and withdrawals due to adverse events (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.64; NNTH = 37, 95% CI 19 to 190) and an increased risk of TB reactivation (OR 4.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 18.60; NNTH = 681, 95% CI 143 to 14706) compared to control.The rate of serious adverse events, serious infections, lymphoma, and congestive heart failure were not statistically significantly different between biologics and control treatment. Certolizumab pegol was associated with significantly higher risk of serious infections compared to control treatment (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.59 to 7.79; NNTH = 17, 95% CI 7 to 68). Infliximab was associated with significantly higher risk of withdrawals due to adverse events compared to control (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.91; NNTH = 12, 95% CI 8 to 28). Indirect comparisons revealed that abatacept and anakinra were associated with a significantly lower risk of serious adverse events compared to most other biologics. Although the overall numbers are relatively small, certolizumab pegol was associated with significantly higher odds of serious infections compared to etanercept, adalimumab, abatacept, anakinra, golimumab, infliximab, and rituximab; abatacept was significantly less likely than infliximab and tocilizumab to be associated with serious infections. Abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept and golimumab were significantly less likely than infliximab to result in withdrawals due to adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Overall, in the short term biologics were associated with significantly higher rates of total adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events and TB reactivation. Some biologics had a statistically higher association with certain adverse outcomes compared to control, but there was no consistency across the outcomes so caution is needed in interpreting these results.There is an urgent need for more research regarding the long-term safety of biologics and the comparative safety of different biologics. National and international registries and other types of large databases are relevant sources for providing complementary evidence regarding the short- and longer-term safety of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder A Singh
- Birmingham VA Medical CenterDepartment of MedicineFaculty Office Tower 805B510 20th Street SouthBirminghamALUSA35294
| | - George A Wells
- University of OttawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Community MedicineRoom H128140 Ruskin StreetOttawaONCanadaK1Y 4W7
| | - Robin Christensen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg og FrederiksbergMusculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker InstituteNordre Fasanvej 57CopenhagenDenmarkDK‐2000
| | | | - Lara J Maxwell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), The Ottawa Hospital ‐ General CampusCentre for Practice‐Changing Research (CPCR)501 Smyth Road, Box 711OttawaONCanadaK1H 8L6
| | - John K MacDonald
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
| | - Graziella Filippini
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaScientific Directionvia Celoria, 11MilanoItaly20133
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- University Hospital of CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies Group, Department I of Internal MedicineKerpener Str. 62CologneGermany50937
| | - Damian K Francis
- University of West IndiesEpidemiology Research UnitMona Kingston 7Jamaica
| | - Luciane C Lopes
- University of Sorocaba, São PauloSciences of Pharmaceutical ProgramRodovia Raposo Tavares, s/nSorocabaSão PauloBrazilCEP 18023‐000
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics1200 Main Street WestHamiltonONCanadaL8N 3Z5
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technischen Universität (TU) DresdenCenter for Evidence‐Based HealthcareFetscherstr. 74DresdenGermany01307
| | - Loredana La Mantia
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Maria Nascente ‐ Fondazione Don GnocchiUnit of Neurorehabilitation ‐ Multiple Sclerosis CenterVia Capecelatro, 66MilanoItaly20148
| | - Tobias Weberschock
- Goethe UniversityEvidence‐Based Medicine Frankfurt, Institute of General PracticeTheodor Stern Kai 7FrankfurtGermany60590
- J.W. Goethe‐University HospitalDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyTheodor‐Stern‐Kai 7FrankfurtGermany60590
| | - Juliana F Roos
- Dubai Pharmacy CollegeDept of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy PracticePo Box 19099AlMuhaisanah 1, Al mizharDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Hendrik Siebert
- University Hospital CologneCochrane Haematological Malignancies GroupKerpener Strasse 62CologneGermany50924
| | - Sarah Hershan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMonash Department of Clinical Epidemiology at Cabrini HospitalSuite 41, Cabrini Medical Centre183 Wattletree RoadMalvernVictoriaAustralia3144
| | - Chris Cameron
- University of OttawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Community MedicineRoom H128140 Ruskin StreetOttawaONCanadaK1Y 4W7
| | - Michael PT Lunn
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryDepartment of Neurology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesQueen SquareLondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of OttawaDepartment of MedicineOttawaONCanadaK1H 8M5
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanadaK1Y 4E9
- Faculty of Medicine, University of OttawaDepartment of Epidemiology and Community MedicineOttawaONCanadaK1H 8M5
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMonash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini HospitalSuite 41, Cabrini Medical Centre183 Wattletree RoadMalvernVictoriaAustralia3144
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Smolen JS, Boers M, Abadie EC, Breedveld FC, Emery P, Bardin T, Goel N, Ethgen DJ, Avouac BP, Dere WH, Durez P, Matucci-Cerinic M, Flamion B, Laslop A, Lekkerkerker FJ, Miossec P, Mitlak BH, Ormarsdóttir S, Paolozzi L, Rao R, Reiter S, Tsouderos Y, Reginster JY. Recommendations for an update of 2003 European regulatory requirements for registration of drugs to be used in the treatment of RA. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27:315-25. [PMID: 21142618 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2010.542135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) document, 'Points to consider on clinical investigation of medicinal products other than NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis' has provided guidance for the clinical development of both biologic and non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In the last few years, several new products have been developed or are in development for the treatment of RA, which offer significant efficacy with regard to disease control, including prevention of structural damage and disability. Concurrently, novel insights have been gained with respect to the assessment of disease activity, joint damage and disability. New treatment strategies have been established which relate to early therapy, tight control and rapid switching of medication. Accordingly, several new EULAR/ACR recommendations have been or are being developed. Several important additions and changes are needed in the 2003 guidance to incorporate the current scientific knowledge into clinical trial design for the development of future products. Under the auspices of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES), a group of experts in the field of RA and clinical trial design met to provide a consensus recommendation for an update to the 2003 EMA guidance document.
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Soubrier M, Lukas C, Sibilia J, Fautrel B, Roux F, Gossec L, Patternotte S, Dougados M. Disease activity score-driven therapy versus routine care in patients with recent-onset active rheumatoid arthritis: data from the GUEPARD trial and ESPOIR cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:611-5. [PMID: 21242235 PMCID: PMC3048626 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.137695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To compare the efficacy of disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28ESR)-driven therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor (patients from the GUEPARD trial) and routine care in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (patients of the ESPOIR cohort). Results After matching GUEPARD and ESPOIR patients on the basis of a propensity score and a 1:2 ratio, at baseline all patients had comparable demographic characteristics, rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity and clinical disease activity parameters: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, mean DAS (6.26±0.87), Sharp/van der Heijde radiographic score (SHS), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). Disease duration was longer in GUEPARD patients (5.6±4.6 vs 3.5±2.0 months, p<0.001). After 1 year, the percentage of patients in remission with an HAQ (<0.5) and an absence of radiological progression was higher in the tight control group (32.3% vs 10.2%, p=0.011) as well as the percentage of patients in low DAS with an HAQ (<0.5) and an absence of radiological progression (36.1% vs 18.9%, p=0.045). However, there was no difference in the decrease in DAS, nor in the percentage of EULAR (good and moderate), ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 responses. More patients in the tight control group had an HAQ below 0.5 (70.2% vs 45.2%, p=0.005). Overall, pain, patient and physician assessment and fatigue decreased more in the tight control group. The mean SHS progression was similar in the two groups as was the percentage of patients without progression. Conclusions In patients with recent onset active rheumatoid arthritis, a tight control of disease activity allows more patients to achieve remission without disability and radiographic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soubrier
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital G Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Schipper LG, van Riel PLCM. Ups and downs in the treatment strategies of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:818-20. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Smolen JS, Landewé R, Breedveld FC, Dougados M, Emery P, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gorter S, Knevel R, Nam J, Schoels M, Aletaha D, Buch M, Gossec L, Huizinga T, Bijlsma JWJW, Burmester G, Combe B, Cutolo M, Gabay C, Gomez-Reino J, Kouloumas M, Kvien TK, Martin-Mola E, McInnes I, Pavelka K, van Riel P, Scholte M, Scott DL, Sokka T, Valesini G, van Vollenhoven R, Winthrop KL, Wong J, Zink A, van der Heijde D. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:964-75. [PMID: 20444750 PMCID: PMC2935329 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1081] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may differ among rheumatologists and currently, clear and consensual international recommendations on RA treatment are not available. In this paper recommendations for the treatment of RA with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) that also account for strategic algorithms and deal with economic aspects, are described. The recommendations are based on evidence from five systematic literature reviews (SLRs) performed for synthetic DMARDs, biological DMARDs, GCs, treatment strategies and economic issues. The SLR-derived evidence was discussed and summarised as an expert opinion in the course of a Delphi-like process. Levels of evidence, strength of recommendations and levels of agreement were derived. Fifteen recommendations were developed covering an area from general aspects such as remission/low disease activity as treatment aim via the preference for methotrexate monotherapy with or without GCs vis-à-vis combination of synthetic DMARDs to the use of biological agents mainly in patients for whom synthetic DMARDs and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors had failed. Cost effectiveness of the treatments was additionally examined. These recommendations are intended to inform rheumatologists, patients and other stakeholders about a European consensus on the management of RA with DMARDs and GCs as well as strategies to reach optimal outcomes of RA, based on evidence and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JWJ, Breedveld FC, Boumpas D, Burmester G, Combe B, Cutolo M, de Wit M, Dougados M, Emery P, Gibofsky A, Gomez-Reino JJ, Haraoui B, Kalden J, Keystone EC, Kvien TK, McInnes I, Martin-Mola E, Montecucco C, Schoels M, van der Heijde D, van der Heijde D. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:631-7. [PMID: 20215140 PMCID: PMC3015099 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1361] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Aiming at therapeutic targets has reduced the risk of organ failure in many diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Such targets have not been defined for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective To develop recommendations for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes in RA. Methods A task force of rheumatologists and a patient developed a set of recommendations on the basis of evidence derived from a systematic literature review and expert opinion; these were subsequently discussed, amended and voted upon by >60 experts from various regions of the world in a Delphi-like procedure. Levels of evidence, strength of recommendations and levels of agreement were derived. Results The treat-to-target activity resulted in 10 recommendations. The treatment aim was defined as remission with low disease activity being an alternative goal in patients with long-standing disease. Regular follow-up (every 1–3 months during active disease) with appropriate therapeutic adaptation to reach the desired state within 3 to a maximum of 6 months was recommended. Follow-up examinations ought to employ composite measures of disease activity which include joint counts. Additional items provide further details for particular aspects of the disease. Levels of agreement were very high for many of these recommendations (≥9/10). Conclusion The 10 recommendations are supposed to inform patients, rheumatologists and other stakeholders about strategies to reach optimal outcomes of RA based on evidence and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef S Smolen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna,Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
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