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Prioul-Gervais S, Deniot G, Receveur EM, Frankewitz A, Fourmann M, Rameau C, Pilet-Nayel ML, Baranger A. Candidate genes for quantitative resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes in pea (Pisum sativum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:971-84. [PMID: 17265025 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes in pea is quantitatively inherited. Genomic regions involved in resistance (QTLs) have been previously identified in the pea genome, but the molecular basis of the resistance is still unknown. The objective of this study was to map resistance gene analogs (RGA) and defense-related (DR) genes in the JI296 x DP RIL population that has been used for mapping QTLs for resistance to M. pinodes, and identify co-localizations between candidate genes and QTLs. Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed on the conserved motifs P-loop and GLPL of cloned resistance genes, we isolated and cloned 16 NBS-LRR sequences, corresponding to five distinct classes of RGAs. Specific second-generation primers were designed for each class. RGAs from two classes were located on the linkage group (LG) VII. Another set of PCR-based markers was designed for four RGA sequences previously isolated in pea and 12 previously cloned DR gene sequences available in databases. Out of the 16 sequences studied, the two RGAs RGA-G3A and RGA2.97 were located on LG VII, PsPRP4A was located on LG II, Peachi21, PsMnSOD, DRR230-b and PsDof1 were mapped on LG III and peabetaglu and DRR49a were located on LG VI. Two co-localizations between candidate genes and QTLs for resistance to M. pinodes were observed on LG III, between the putative transcription factor PsDof1 and the QTL mpIII-1 and between the pea defensin DRR230-b gene and the QTL mpIII-4. Another co-localization was observed on LG VII between a cluster of RGAs and the QTL mpVII-1. The three co-localizations appear to be located in chromosomal regions containing other disease resistance or DR genes, suggesting an important role of these genomic regions in defense responses against pathogens in pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prioul-Gervais
- UMR INRA-Agrocampus Rennes, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
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Hannah MA, Krämer KM, Geffroy V, Kopka J, Blair MW, Erban A, Vallejos CE, Heyer AG, Sanders FET, Millner PA, Pilbeam DJ. Hybrid weakness controlled by the dosage-dependent lethal (DL) gene system in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is caused by a shoot-derived inhibitory signal leading to salicylic acid-associated root death. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 176:537-549. [PMID: 17850251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain crosses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) result in temperature-dependent hybrid weakness associated with a severe root phenotype. This is controlled by the interaction of the root- and shoot-expressed semidominant alleles dosage-dependent lethal 1 (DL(1)) and DL(2), which communicate via long-distance signaling. Previously, apparent reciprocal effects on root growth and the restoration of normal root growth by exogenous sucrose led to the hypothesis that the dosage-dependent lethal (DL) system may control root-shoot carbon partitioning. Here, recombinant inbred lines were used to map the DL loci and physiological and biochemical analysis, including metabolite profiling, was used to gain new insights into the signaling interaction and the root phenotype. It is shown that the DL system does not control root-shoot carbon partitioning and that roots are unlikely to die from carbon starvation. Instead, root death likely occurs by defense-related programmed cell death, as indicated by salicylic acid accumulation. DL(2)-expressing cotyledons supply a potent inhibitory signal that is sufficient to cause such death in DL(1)-expressing roots. These data implicate the DL system in defense-related signaling and provide support for the recent hypothesis of defense-related autoimmunity as a potential isolating mechanism in plant speciation, in particular, setting a precedence for the potential roles of long-distance signaling and temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Hannah
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenburg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - K Melanie Krämer
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenburg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Valerie Geffroy
- INRA, Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR-CNRS 8618, LPPM, bât. 630, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenburg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Matthew W Blair
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, AA 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenburg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - C Eduardo Vallejos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, 1143 Fifield Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- Biologisches Institut, Abt. Botanik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - David J Pilbeam
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Goss EM, Bergelson J. VARIATION IN RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AND A BACTERIAL PATHOGEN. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kami J, Poncet V, Geffroy V, Gepts P. Development of four phylogenetically-arrayed BAC libraries and sequence of the APA locus in Phaseolus vulgaris. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 112:987-98. [PMID: 16404584 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The APA family of seed proteins consists of three subfamilies, in evolutionary order of hypothesized appearance: phytohaemagglutinins (PHA), alpha-amylase inhibitors (alphaAI), and arcelins (ARL). The APA family plays a defensive role against mammalian and insect seed predation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The main locus (APA) for this gene family is situated on linkage group B4. In order to elucidate the pattern of duplication and diversification at this locus, we developed a BAC library in each of four different Phaseolus genotypes that represent presumptive steps in the evolutionary diversification of the APA family. Specifically, BAC libraries were established in one P. lunatus (cv. 'Henderson: PHA+ alphaAI- ARL-) and three P. vulgaris accessions (presumed ancestral wild G21245 from northern Peru: PHA+ alphaAI+ ARL-; Mesoamerican wild G02771: PHA+ alphaAI+ ARL+; and Mesoamerican breeding line BAT93: PHA+ alphaAI+ ARL-). The libraries were constructed after HindIII digestion of high molecular weight DNA, obtained with a novel nuclei isolation procedure. The frequency of empty or cpDNA-sequence-containing clones in all libraries is low (generally <1%). The Henderson, G21245, and G02771 libraries have a 10x genome coverage, whereas the BAT93 library has a 20x coverage to allow further, more detailed genomic analysis of the bean genome. The complete sequence of a 155 kbp-insert clone of the G02771 library revealed six sequences belonging to the APA gene family, including members of the three subfamilies, as hypothesized. The different subfamilies were interspersed with retrotransposon sequences. In addition, other sequences were identified with similarity to chloroplast DNA, a dehydrin gene, and the Arabidopsis flowering D locus. Linkage between the dehydrin gene and the D1711 RFLP marker identifies a potential syntenic region between parts of common bean linkage group B4 and cowpea linkage group 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kami
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 1, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8780, USA
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Goss EM, Bergelson J. VARIATION IN RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE IN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AND A BACTERIAL PATHOGEN. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/06-200.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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56
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Patocchi A, Walser M, Tartarini S, Broggini GAL, Gennari F, Sansavini S, Gessler C. Identification by genome scanning approach (GSA) of a microsatellite tightly associated with the apple scab resistance gene Vm. Genome 2005; 48:630-6. [PMID: 16094431 DOI: 10.1139/g05-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For all known major apple scab resistance genes except Vr, molecular markers have been published. However, the precise position of some of these genes, in the apple genome, remains to be identified. Knowledge about the relative position of apple scab resistance genes is necessary to preliminarily evaluate the probability of success of their pyramidization. Pyramidization of different resistance genes into the same genotype is a reliable way to create cultivars with durable apple scab resistance. Applying the genome scanning approach (GSA), we identified the linkage group of the scab resistance gene Vm, derived from Malus micromalus, and we found a new molecular marker tightly associated with the gene. The simple sequence repeat Hi07h02, previously mapped on linkage group 17, cosegregates with the Vm gene (no recombinants in the 95 plants tested). The already published sequence-characterized amplified region Vm marker OPB12(687) was found to be linked at about 5 cM from the resistance gene and, therefore, this marker also maps on linkage group 17 of apple. This is the first report of the discovery of a major apple scab resistance gene on linkage group 17. The advantages of using GSA for the identification of molecular markers for qualitative traits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patocchi
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zuerich.
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57
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Castillo Ruiz RA, Herrera C, Ghislain M, Gebhardt C. Organization of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), acidic PR-5 and osmotin-like (OSM) defence-response gene families in the potato genome. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 274:168-79. [PMID: 16133161 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Defence-response (DR) genes are candidates for the genetic functions underlying quantitative resistance to plant pathogens. The organization of three DR gene families encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), acidic PR-(pathogenesis-related) protein 5, and basic PR-5, or osmotin-like (OSM), proteins was studied in the potato genome. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library containing approximately 50,000 clones was constructed from high-molecular weight genomic DNA of the diploid potato clone PD59, a hybrid between Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja. BAC clones carrying one or more copies of the DR genes were identified and characterized by Southern hybridization, sequence analysis and genetic mapping. PAL, acidic PR-5 and OSM (basic PR-5) genes were all organized into gene families of varying complexity. The PAL gene family consisted of at least 16 members, several of which were physically linked. Four acidic PR-5 homologous were localized to a 45-kb segment on potato chromosome XII. One of these, PR-5/319, codes for the acidic thaumatin-like protein C found in intercellular fluids of potato. Nine OSM genes were organized at two loci: eight form a 90-kb cluster on chromosome VIII, and a single gene was found on chromosome XI. The topology of a phylogenetic tree based on PR-5 and OSM protein sequences from Solanaceae suggests a mode of evolution for these gene families. The results will form the basis for further studies on the potential role of these defence-related loci in quantitative resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A Castillo Ruiz
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linne Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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58
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Papa R, Acosta J, Delgado-Salinas A, Gepts P. A genome-wide analysis of differentiation between wild and domesticated Phaseolus vulgaris from Mesoamerica. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 111:1147-58. [PMID: 16142467 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lack of introgression or divergent selection may be responsible for the maintenance of phenotypic differences between sympatric populations of crops and their wild progenitors. To distinguish between these hypotheses, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were located on a molecular linkage map of Phaseolus vulgaris relative to genes for the domestication syndrome and other traits. Diversity for these same markers was then analyzed in two samples of wild and domesticated populations from Mesoamerica. Differentiation between wild and domesticated populations was significantly higher in parapatric and allopatric populations compared to sympatric populations. It was also significantly higher near genes for domestication compared to those away from these genes. Concurrently, the differences in genetic diversity between wild and domesticated populations were strongest around such genes. These data suggest that selection in the presence of introgression appears to be a major evolutionary factor maintaining the identity of wild and domesticated populations in sympatric situations. Furthermore, alleles from domesticated populations appear to have displaced alleles in sympatric wild populations, thus leading to a reduction in genetic diversity in such populations. These results also provide a possible experimental framework for assessing the long-term risk of transgene escape and the targeting of transgenes inside the genome to minimize the survival of these transgenes into wild populations following introduction by gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Papa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Mailstop 1, Davis, CA 95616-8780, USA
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59
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Pajerowska KM, Parker JE, Gebhardt C. Potato homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana genes functional in defense signaling--identification, genetic mapping, and molecular cloning. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2005; 18:1107-19. [PMID: 16255250 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-18-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Defense against pests and pathogens is a fundamental process controlled by similar molecular mechanisms in all flowering plants. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, steps of the signal transduction pathways that link pathogen recognition to defense activation have been identified and corresponding genes have been characterized. Defense signaling (DS) genes are functional candidates for controlling natural quantitative variation of resistance to plant pathogens. Nineteen Arabidopsis genes operating in defense signaling cascades were selected. Solanaceae EST (expressed sequence tag) databases were employed to identify the closest homologs of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Sixteen novel DS potato homologs were positioned on the molecular maps. Five DS homologs mapped close to known quantitative resistance loci (QRL) against the oomycete Phytophthora infestans causing late blight and the bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica causing blackleg of stems and tuber soft rot. The five genes are positional candidates for QRL and are highly sequence related to Arabidopsis genes AtSGT1b, AtPAD4, and AtAOS. Full-length complementary DNA and genomic sequences were obtained for potato genes StSGT1, StPAD4, and StEDS1, the latter being a putative interactor of StPAD4. Our results form the basis for further studies on the contributions of these candidate genes to natural variation of potato disease resistance.
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60
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Reignault P, Sancholle M. Plant–pathogen interactions: will the understanding of common mechanisms lead to the unification of concepts? C R Biol 2005; 328:821-33. [PMID: 16168363 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions are still classically described using concepts that make a distinction between qualitative and quantitative aspects linked to these concepts. This article first describes these aspects, using the terminology associated with them. It then presents some recent experimental observations that demonstrate that such concepts share either common or closely related mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels. The emergence of a more global vision and understanding of the interactions between plants and their parasites is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Reignault
- Mycologie-Phytopathologie-Environnement, université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, BP 699, 62228 Calais cedex, France.
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Perchepied L, Bardin M, Dogimont C, Pitrat M. Relationship between Loci conferring downy mildew and powdery mildew resistance in melon assessed by quantitative trait Loci mapping. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2005; 95:556-65. [PMID: 18943322 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-95-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Partial resistance to downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and complete resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii races 1, 2, 3, and 5 and Golovinomyces cichoracearum race 1) were studied using a recombinant inbred line population between 'PI 124112' (resistant to both diseases) and 'Védrantais' (susceptible line). A genetic map of melon was constructed to tag these resistances with DNA markers. Natural and artificial inoculations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis were performed and replicated in several locations. One major quantitative trait loci (QTL), pcXII.1, was consistently detected among the locations and explained between 12 to 38% of the phenotypic variation for Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance. Eight other Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance QTL were identified. Artificial inoculations were performed with several strains of four races of Podosphaera xanthii and one race of G. cichoracearum. Two independent major genes, PmV.1 and PmXII.1, were identified and shown to be involved in the simple resistance to powdery mildew. Three digenic epistatic interactions involving four loci were detected for two races of Podosphaera xanthii and one race of G. cichoracearum. Co-localization between PmV.1, resistance genes, and resistance genes homologues was observed. Linkage between the major resistance QTL to Pseudoperonospora cubensis, pcXII.1, and one of the two resistance genes to powdery mildew, PmXII.1, was demonstrated.
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62
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Gepts P, Beavis WD, Brummer EC, Shoemaker RC, Stalker HT, Weeden NF, Young ND. Legumes as a model plant family. Genomics for food and feed report of the Cross-Legume Advances Through Genomics Conference. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 137:1228-35. [PMID: 15824285 PMCID: PMC1088316 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gepts
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8780, USA.
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63
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Ferrier-Cana E, Macadré C, Sévignac M, David P, Langin T, Geffroy V. Distinct post-transcriptional modifications result into seven alternative transcripts of the CC-NBS-LRR gene JA1tr of Phaseolus vulgaris. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:895-905. [PMID: 15660237 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of splice variants has been reported for various plant resistance (R) genes, suggesting that these variants play an important role in disease resistance. Most of the time these R genes belong to the Toll and mammalian IL-1 receptor-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) class of R genes. In Phaseolus vulgaris, a resistance gene cluster (referred to as the B4 R-gene cluster) has been identified at the end of linkage group B4. At this complex resistance cluster, three R specificities (Co-9, Co-y and Co-z) and two R QTLs effective against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose, have been identified. At the molecular level, four resistance gene candidates encoding putative full-length, coiled-coil (CC)-NBS-LRR R-like proteins, with LRR numbers ranging from 18 to 20, have been previously characterized. In the present study, seven cDNA corresponding to truncated R-like transcripts, belonging to the CC-NBS-LRR class of plant disease R genes, have been identified. These seven transcripts correspond to a single gene named JA1tr, which encodes, at most, only five LRRs. The seven JA1tr transcript variants result from distinct post-transcriptional modifications of JA1tr, corresponding to alternative splicing events of two introns, exon skipping and multiple 'aberrant splicing' events in the open reading frame (ORF). JA1tr was mapped at the B4 R-gene cluster identified in common bean. These post-transcriptional modifications of the single gene JA1tr could constitute an efficient source of diversity. The present results provide one of the few reports of transcript variants with truncated ORFs resulting from a CC-NBS-LRR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Ferrier-Cana
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR-CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, LPPM, bât. 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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Calenge F, Van der Linden CG, Van de Weg E, Schouten HJ, Van Arkel G, Denancé C, Durel CE. Resistance gene analogues identified through the NBS-profiling method map close to major genes and QTL for disease resistance in apple. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2005; 110:660-8. [PMID: 15647920 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We used a new method called nucleotide-binding site (NBS) profiling to identify and map resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in apple. This method simultaneously allows the amplification and the mapping of genetic markers anchored in the conserved NBS-encoding domain of plant disease resistance genes. Ninety-four individuals belonging to an F1 progeny derived from a cross between the apple cultivars 'Discovery' and 'TN10-8' were studied. Two degenerate primers designed from the highly conserved P-loop motif within the NBS domain were used together with adapter primers. Forty-three markers generated with NBS profiling could be mapped in this progeny. After sequencing, 23 markers were identified as RGAs, based on their homologies with known resistance genes or NBS/leucine-rich-repeat-like genes. Markers were mapped on 10 of the 17 linkage groups of the apple genetic map used. Most of these markers were organized in clusters. Twenty-five markers mapped close to major genes or quantitative trait loci for resistance to scab and mildew previously identified in different apple progenies. Several markers could become efficient tools for marker-assisted selection once converted into breeder-friendly markers. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the NBS-profiling method for generating RGA markers for resistance loci in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calenge
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR GenHort, 42 rue Georges Morel, BP 60057, 49071, Beaucouzé cedex, France
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65
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Gepts P, Papa R. Possible effects of (trans)gene flow from crops on the genetic diversity from landraces and wild relatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 2:89-103. [PMID: 15612275 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow is a potential concern associated with the use of transgenic crops because it could affect genetic diversity of related landraces and wild relatives. This concern has taken on added importance with the looming introduction of transgenic crops in centers of crop domestication (Mexico, China) and those producing pharmaceutical compounds. For gene flow to take place among cultivars and their wild relatives, several steps have to be fulfilled, including the presence of cultivars or wild relatives within pollen or seed dispersal range, the ability to produce viable and fertile hybrids, at least partial overlap in flowering time, actual gene flow by pollen or seed, and the establishment of crop genes in the domesticated or wild recipient populations. In contrast with domestication genes, which often make crops less adapted to natural ecosystems, transgenes frequently represent gains of function, which might release wild relatives from constraints that limit their fitness. In most sexually reproducing organisms, the chromosomal region affected by selection of a single gene amounts to a small percentage of the total genome size. Because of gene flow, the level of genetic diversity present in the domesticated gene pool becomes a crucial factor affecting the genetic diversity of the wild gene pool. For some crops, such as cotton and maize, the introduction of transgenic technologies has led to a consolidation of the seed industry and a reduction in the diversity of the elite crop gene pool. Thus, diversity in improved varieties grown by farmers needs to be monitored. Several areas deserve further study, such as the actual magnitude of gene flow and its determinants in different agroecosystems, the long-term effects of gene flow on genetic diversity both across gene pools and within genomes, the expression of transgenes in new genetic backgrounds, and the effects of socio-economic factors on genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gepts
- Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8515, USA.
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de Meaux J, Neema C. Spatial patterns of diversity at the putative recognition domain of resistance gene candidates in wild bean populations. J Mol Evol 2004; 57 Suppl 1:S90-102. [PMID: 15008406 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-003-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) domains have been identified on most known plant resistance genes and appear to be involved in the specific recognition of pathogen strains. Here we explore the processes which may drive the evolution of this putative recognition domain. We developed AFLP markers specifically situated in the LRR domain of members of the PRLJ1 complex Resistance Gene Candidate (RGC) family identified in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Diversity for these markers was assessed in ten wild populations of P. vulgaris and compared to locally co-occurring pathogen populations of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Nine PRLJ1 LRR specific markers were obtained. Marker sequences revealed that RGC diversity at PRLJ1 is similar to that at other complex R-loci. Wild bean populations showed contrasting levels of PRLJ1 LRR diversity and were all significantly differentiated. We could not detect an effect of local C. lindemuthianum population diversity on the spatial distribution of P. vulgaris PRLJ1 diversity. However, host populations have been previously assessed for neutral (RAPD) markers and for resistance phenotypes to six strains of C. lindemuthianum isolated from cultivated bean fields. A comparative analysis of PRLJ1 LRR diversity and host diversity for resistance phenotypes indicated that evolutionary processes related to the antagonistic C. lindemuthianum/P. vulgaris interaction are likely to have shaped molecular diversity of the putative recognition domains of the PRLJ1 RGC family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Meaux
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Végétale, INRA INA P-G, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Torregrosa C, Cluzet S, Fournier J, Huguet T, Gamas P, Prospéri JM, Esquerré-Tugayé MT, Dumas B, Jacquet C. Cytological, genetic, and molecular analysis to characterize compatible and incompatible interactions between Medicago truncatula and Colletotrichum trifolii. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2004; 17:909-20. [PMID: 15305612 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.8.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new pathosystem was established using the model plant Medicago truncatula and Colletotrichum trifolii, the causal agent of anthracnose on Medicago sativa. Screening of a few M. truncatula lines identified Jemalong and F83005.5 as resistant and susceptible to Colletotrichum trifolii race 1, respectively. Symptom analysis and cytological studies indicated that resistance of Jemalong was associated with a hypersensitive response of the plant. The two selected lines were crossed, and inoculations with C. trifolii were performed on the resulting F1 and F2 progenies. Examination of the disease phenotypes indicated that resistance was dominant and was probably due to a major resistance gene. Molecular components of the resistance were analyzed through macroarray experiments. Expression profiling of 126 expressed sequence tags corresponding to 92 genes, which were selected for their putative functions in plant defense or signal transduction, were compared in Jemalong and F83005.5 lines. A strong correlation was observed between the number of up-regulated genes and the resistance phenotype. Large differences appeared at 48 h postinoculation; more than 40% of the tested genes were up-regulated in the Jemalong line compared with only 10% in the susceptible line. Interestingly, some nodulin genes were also induced in the resistant line upon inoculation with C. trifolii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Torregrosa
- UMR 5546 CNRS-UPS, Pô1e de Biotechnologie Végétale, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, BP17 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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68
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Calenge F, Faure A, Goerre M, Gebhardt C, Van de Weg WE, Parisi L, Durel CE. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis Reveals Both Broad-Spectrum and Isolate-Specific QTL for Scab Resistance in an Apple Progeny Challenged with Eight Isolates of Venturia inaequalis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2004; 94:370-9. [PMID: 18944113 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2004.94.4.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The major scab resistance gene Vf, extensively used in apple breeding programs, was recently overcome by the new races 6 and 7 of the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. New, more durable, scab resistance genes are needed in apple breeding programs. F(1) progeny derived from the cross between partially resistant apple cv. Discovery and apple hybrid 'TN10-8' were inoculated in the greenhouse with eight isolates of V. inaequalis, including isolates able to overcome Vf. One major resistance gene, Vg, and seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for resistance to these isolates. Three QTL on linkage group (LG)12, LG13, and LG15 were clearly isolate-specific. Another QTL on LG5 was detected with two isolates. Three QTL on LG1, LG2, and LG17 were identified with most isolates tested, but not with every isolate. The QTL on LG2 displayed alleles conferring different specificities. This QTL co-localized with the major scab resistance genes Vr and Vh8, whereas the QTL on LG1 colocalized with Vf. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of the V. inaequalis-Malus x domestica interaction.
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69
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Chu Z, Ouyang Y, Zhang J, Yang H, Wang S. Genome-wide analysis of defense-responsive genes in bacterial blight resistance of rice mediated by the recessive R gene xa13. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 271:111-20. [PMID: 14730444 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defense responses triggered by dominant and recessive disease resistance (R) genes are presumed to be regulated by different molecular mechanisms. In order to characterize the genes activated in defense responses against bacterial blight mediated by the recessive R gene xa13, two pathogen-induced subtraction cDNA libraries were constructed using the resistant rice line IRBB13--which carries xa13--and its susceptible, near-isogenic, parental line IR24. Clustering analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) identified 702 unique expressed sequences as being involved in the defense responses triggered by xa13; 16% of these are new rice ESTs. These sequences define 702 genes, putatively encoding a wide range of products, including defense-responsive genes commonly involved in different host-pathogen interactions, genes that have not previously been reported to be associated with pathogen-induced defense responses, and genes (38%) with no homology to previously described functional genes. In addition, R-like genes putatively encoding nucleotide-binding site/leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) and LRR receptor kinase proteins were observed to be induced in the disease resistance activated by xa13. A total of 568 defense-responsive ESTs were mapped to 588 loci on the rice molecular linkage map through bioinformatic analysis. About 48% of the mapped ESTs co-localized with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to various rice diseases, including bacterial blight, rice blast, sheath blight and yellow mottle virus. Furthermore, some defense-responsive sequences were conserved at similar locations on different chromosomes. These results reveal the complexity of xa13-mediated resistance. The information obtained in this study provides a large source of candidate genes for understanding the molecular bases of defense responses activated by recessive R genes and of quantitative disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
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70
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Thabuis A, Palloix A, Pflieger S, Daubèze AM, Caranta C, Lefebvre V. Comparative mapping of Phytophthora resistance loci in pepper germplasm: evidence for conserved resistance loci across Solanaceae and for a large genetic diversity. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 106:1473-85. [PMID: 12750791 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2002] [Accepted: 09/25/2002] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici Leonian, known as the causal agent of the stem, collar and root rot, is one of the most serious problems limiting the pepper crop in many areas in the world. Genetic resistance to the parasite displays complex inheritance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed in three intraspecific pepper populations, each involving an unrelated resistant accession. Resistance was evaluated by artificial inoculations of roots and stems, allowing the measurement of four components involved in different steps of the plant-pathogen interaction. The three genetic maps were aligned using common markers, which enabled the detection of QTLs involved in each resistance component and the comparison of resistance factors existing among the three resistant accessions. The major resistance factor was found to be common to the three populations. Another resistance factor was found conserved between two populations, the others being specific to a single cross. This comparison across intraspecific germplasm revealed a large variability for quantitative resistance loci to P. capsici. It also provided insights both into the allelic relationships between QTLs across pepper germplasm and for the comparative mapping of resistance factors across the Solanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thabuis
- INRA, Genetics and Breeding of Fruits and Vegetables, BP 94, 84143 Montfavet cedex, France
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71
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Durel CE, Parisi L, Laurens F, Van de Weg WE, Liebhard R, Jourjon MF. Genetic dissection of partial resistance to race 6 of Venturia inaequalis in apple. Genome 2003; 46:224-34. [PMID: 12723038 DOI: 10.1139/g02-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most important diseases of apple (Malus x domestica). The major resistance gene, Vf, has been widely used in apple breeding programs, but two new races of the fungus (races 6 and 7) are able to overcome this gene. A mapped F1 progeny derived from a cross between the cultivars Prima and Fiesta has bee n inoculated with two monoconidial strains of race 6. These strains originated from sporulating leaves of 'Prima' and a descendant of 'Prima' that were grown in an orchard in northern Germany. 'Prima' carries the Vf resistance gene, whereas 'Fiesta' lacks Vf. A large variation in resistance and (or) susceptibility was observed among the individuals of the progeny. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance were identified that mapped on four genomic regions. One of them was located in the very close vicinity of the Vf resistance gene on linkage group LG-1 of the 'Prima' genetic map. This QTL is isolate specific because it was only detected with one of the two isolates. Two out of the three other genomic regions were identified with both isolates (LG-11 and LG-17). On LG-11, a QTL effect was detected in both parents. The genetic dissection of this QTL indicated a favourable intra-locus interaction between some parental alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Durel
- Unité d'Amélioration des Espèces Fruitières et Omementales, BP 57, 49071, Beaucouzd CEDEX, France.
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72
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Chen H, Wang S, Xing Y, Xu C, Hayes PM, Zhang Q. Comparative analyses of genomic locations and race specificities of loci for quantitative resistance to Pyricularia grisea in rice and barley. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:2544-9. [PMID: 12601171 PMCID: PMC151377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0437898100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2002] [Accepted: 12/23/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic analyses have revealed extensive colinearity in gene orders in distantly related taxa in mammals and grasses, which opened new horizons for evolutionary study. The objective of our study was to assess syntenic relationships of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance in cereals by using a model system in which rice and barley were used as the hosts and the blast fungus Pyricularia grisea Sacc. as the pathogen. In total, 12 QTL against three isolates were identified in rice; two had effects on all three isolates, and the other 10 had effects on only one or two of the three isolates. Twelve QTL for blast resistance were identified in barley; one had effect on all three isolates, and the other 11 had effects on only one or two of the three isolates. The observed isolate specificity led to a hypothesis about the durability of quantitative resistance commonly observed in many plant host-pathogen systems. Four pairs of the QTL showed corresponding map positions between rice and barley, two of the four QTL pairs had complete conserved isolate specificity, and another two QTL pairs had partial conserved isolate specificity. Such corresponding locations and conserved specificity suggested a common origin and conserved functionality of the genes underlying the QTL for quantitative resistance and may have utility in gene discovery, understanding the function of the genomes, and identifying the evolutionary forces that structured the organization of the grass genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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73
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Bai Y, Huang CC, van der Hulst R, Meijer-Dekens F, Bonnema G, Lindhout P. QTLs for tomato powdery mildew resistance (Oidium lycopersici) in Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 co-localize with two qualitative powdery mildew resistance genes. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2003; 16:169-76. [PMID: 12575751 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is susceptible to the powdery mildew Oidium lycopersici, but several wild relatives such as Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 are completely resistant. An F2 population from a cross of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Moneymaker x Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 was used to map the O. lycopersici resistance by using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. The resistance was controlled by three quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Ol-qtl1 is on chromosome 6 in the same region as the Ol-1 locus, which is involved in a hypersensitive resistance response to O. lycopersici. Ol-qtl2 and Ol-qtl3 are located on chromosome 12, separated by 25 cM, in the vicinity of the Lv locus conferring resistance to another powdery mildew species, Leveillula taurica. The three QTLs, jointly explaining 68% of the phenotypic variation, were confirmed by testing F3 progenies. A set of polymerase chain reaction-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence and sequence characterized amplified region markers was generated for efficient monitoring of the target QTL genomic regions in marker assisted selection. The possible relationship between genes underlying major and partial resistance for tomato powdery mildew is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Bai
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Graduate School for Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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74
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De Meaux J, Cattan-Toupance I, Lavigne C, Langin T, Neema C. Polymorphism of a complex resistance gene candidate family in wild populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Argentina: comparison with phenotypic resistance polymorphism. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:263-73. [PMID: 12492894 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen populations of wild bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), located in three provinces in Argentina, were analysed for their polymorphism for a complex resistance gene candidate (RGC) family clustered on the genome and for resistance phenotypes to strains of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Results indicate that RGC polymorphism is high. Population structure obtained for markers related to resistance was compared to population structure obtained for RAPD markers in order to infer the evolutionary forces driving polymorphism for resistance in wild populations at both molecular and phenotypic levels. Hierarchical analysis of differentiation showed that, within provinces, populations were differentiated for RAPD as well as for molecular and phenotypic markers of resistance. In contrast, provinces were differentiated only for RAPD and RGC markers and not for resistance phenotypes. The discrepancies found between diversity structures for molecular markers (RAPD and RGCs) and for resistance phenotypes suggest an effect of selection and indicate that diversity for resistance may not be driven by the same selective forces at the molecular and phenotypic levels. We further discuss whether specific selective forces are exerted on RGC markers and underline the importance of spatial scale of analysis for demonstrating an impact of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Meaux
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Végétale INRA, INA-PG, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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75
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López CE, Acosta IF, Jara C, Pedraza F, Gaitán-Solís E, Gallego G, Beebe S, Tohme J. Identifying resistance gene analogs associated with resistances to different pathogens in common bean. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2003; 93:88-95. [PMID: 18944161 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2003.93.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A polymerase chain reaction approach using degenerate primers that targeted the conserved domains of cloned plant disease resistance genes (R genes) was used to isolate a set of 15 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Eight different classes of RGAs were obtained from nucleotide binding site (NBS)-based primers and seven from not previously described Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor-like (TIR)-based primers. Putative amino acid sequences of RGAs were significantly similar to R genes and contained additional conserved motifs. The NBS-type RGAs were classified in two subgroups according to the expected final residue in the kinase-2 motif. Eleven RGAs were mapped at 19 loci on eight linkage groups of the common bean genetic map constructed at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. Genetic linkage was shown for eight RGAs with partial resistance to anthracnose, angular leaf spot (ALS) and Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV). RGA1 and RGA2 were associated with resistance loci to anthracnose and BGYMV and were part of two clusters of R genes previously described. A new major cluster was detected by RGA7 and explained up to 63.9% of resistance to ALS and has a putative contribution to anthracnose resistance. These results show the usefulness of RGAs as candidate genes to detect and eventually isolate numerous R genes in common bean.
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76
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Durand-Tardif M, Pelletier G. [Contribution of cell and molecular biology and genetics to plant protection]. C R Biol 2003; 326:23-35. [PMID: 12741179 DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants resist to the majority of their potential aggressors by opposing physical and chemical barriers: cell walls, secondary metabolites.... Phenomena of specific recognition between a plant variety and a pathovar induce on the one hand, a local (hypersensitive) reaction that tends to limit pathogen growth and, on the other hand, a cascade of signals that allows the activation of a non-specific general (systemic) resistance. The contribution of genetics to the fight against pathogens depends on the natural variability that comes from the co-evolution between plants and their aggressors. Many plant varieties resistant to one or several pathogens have been obtained and are cultivated. The use of biotechnology will facilitate the rapid generation of new, resistant cultivars and cultivars with multiple resistances. New methods in order to increase the efficiency and the durability of resistance are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Durand-Tardif
- Station de génétique et d'amélioration des plantes, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Centre de Versailles, route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France.
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77
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Ramalingam J, Vera Cruz CM, Kukreja K, Chittoor JM, Wu JL, Lee SW, Baraoidan M, George ML, Cohen MB, Hulbert SH, Leach JE, Leung H. Candidate defense genes from rice, barley, and maize and their association with qualitative and quantitative resistance in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2003; 16:14-24. [PMID: 12580278 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Candidate genes involved in both recognition (resistance gene analogs [RGAs]) and general plant defense (putative defense response [DR]) were used as molecular markers to test for association with resistance in rice to blast, bacterial blight (BB), sheath blight, and brown plant-hopper (BPH). The 118 marker loci were either polymerase chain reaction-based RGA markers or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers that included RGAs or putative DR genes from rice, barley, and maize. The markers were placed on an existing RFLP map generated from a mapping population of 116 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross between an improved indica rice cultivar, IR64, and a traditional japonica cultivar, Azucena. Most of the RGAs and DR genes detected a single locus with variable copy number and mapped on different chromosomes. Clusters of RGAs were observed, most notably on chromosome 11 where many known blast and BB resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for blast, BB, sheath blight, and BPH were located. Major resistance genes and QTL for blast and BB resistance located on different chromosomes were associated with several candidate genes. Six putative QTL for BB were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 and nine QTL for BPH resistance were located to chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 11, and 12. The alleles of QTL for BPH resistance were mostly from IR64 and each explained between 11.3 and 20.6% of the phenotypic variance. The alleles for BB resistance were only from the Azucena parent and each explained at least 8.4% of the variation. Several candidate RGA and DR gene markers were associated with QTL from the pathogens and pest. Several RGAs were mapped to BB QTL. Dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase co-localized with two BPH QTL associated with plant response to feeding and also to blast QTL. Blast QTL also were associated with aldose reductase, oxalate oxidase, JAMyb (a jasmonic acid-induced Myb transcription factor), and peroxidase markers. The frame map provides reference points to select candidate genes for cosegregation analysis using other mapping populations, isogenic lines, and mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramalingam
- Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5502, USA
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78
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Trognitz F, Manosalva P, Gysin R, Niñio-Liu D, Simon R, del Herrera MR, Trognitz B, Ghislain M, Nelson R. Plant defense genes associated with quantitative resistance to potato late blight in Solanum phureja x dihaploid S. tuberosum hybrids. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2002; 15:587-97. [PMID: 12059107 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.6.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Markers corresponding to 27 plant defense genes were tested for linkage disequilibrium with quantitative resistance to late blight in a diploid potato population that had been used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Markers were detected by using (i) hybridization probes for plant defense genes, (ii) primer pairs amplifying conserved domains of resistance (R) genes, (iii) primers for defense genes and genes encoding transcriptional regulatory factors, and (iv) primers allowing amplification of sequences flanking plant defense genes by the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Markers were initially screened by using the most resistant and susceptible individuals of the population, and those markers showing different allele frequencies between the two groups were mapped. Among the 308 segregating bands detected, 24 loci (8%) corresponding to six defense gene families were associated with resistance at chi2 > or = 13, the threshold established using the permutation test at P = 0.05. Loci corresponding to genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonium lyase [PAL], chalcone isomerase [CHI], and chalcone synthase [CHS]), loci related to WRKY regulatory genes, and other -defense genes (osmotin and a Phytophthora infestans-induced cytochrome P450) were significantly associated with quantitative disease resistance. A subset of markers was tested on the mapping population of 94 individuals. Ten defense-related markers were clustered at a QTL on chromosome III, and three defense-related markers were located at a broad QTL on chromosome XII. The association of candidate genes with QTLs is a step toward understanding the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to an important plant disease.
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79
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Latunde-Dada AO. Colletotrichum: tales of forcible entry, stealth, transient confinement and breakout. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2001; 2:187-198. [PMID: 20573006 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Summary Taxonomy: Imperfect, anamorphic fungus (subdivision Deuteromycotina, form-class Deuteromycetes, form-subclass Coelomycetidae, form-order Melanconiales, form-family Melanconiaceae) with 39 'accepted' species [Sutton, B.C. (1992) The genus Glomerella and its anamorph Colletotrichum. In: Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control (Bailey, J.A. and Leger, M.J., eds). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. 1-26.] which continue to be revised and clarified by molecular taxonomic techniques. Species complexes and subspecific groups have been proposed. HOST RANGE Species of Colletotrichum attack a large number of important tropical and sub-tropical crop species and cause economically significant diseases of cereals, grain legumes, vegetables, forage legumes, fruit crops and perennial crops. Tropical and sub-tropical fruit production is significantly affected by postharvest anthracnose. Disease symptoms: Symptoms of the attack are commonly known as anthracnose and comprise dark, sunken, lenticular necrotic lesions containing the acervuli of the pathogen. Key attractions: A model fungus for research on host specificity, mycoherbicides, appressorial melanization, appressorial function, quiescent infection, fungal lifestyles, intracellular hemibiotrophy and the determinants of the switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy among others. USEFUL WEBSITES http://www.uark.edu/depts/plant/, http://www.sorghumanthracnose.org/, http://www.iacr.bbscr.ac.uk/ppi/staff/roc_rc.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Latunde-Dada
- Department of Plant Pathology, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
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80
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Mendoza A, Hernández F, Hernández S, Ruíz D, de la Vega OM, Mora G, Acosta J, Simpson J. Identification of Co-1 Anthracnose Resistance and Linked Molecular Markers in Common Bean Line A193. PLANT DISEASE 2001; 85:252-255. [PMID: 30832037 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2001.85.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris line A193 has been shown to be widely resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, including race 1472, one of the most virulent races of C. lindemuthianum characterized. Resistance to C. lindemuthianum race 1472 in P. vulgaris line A193 was investigated in segregating F2 and F2.3 populations from a cross between A193 and Flor de Mayo Bajio (a commercial cultivar highly susceptible to C. lindemuthianum). Resistance to 1472 in A193 was determined to be conditioned by a single dominant gene. Inoculation of crosses between A193 and cultivars Michigan Dark Red Kidney and Perry Marrow with race 1472 suggest that resistance in A193 is conditioned by the Co-1 gene. Inoculation of the cross A193 × Perry Marrow with C. lindemuthianum race 2, demonstrated that resistance to race 2 in Perry Marrow is also conditioned by a single dominant gene and is distinct to resistance in A193 or Michigan Dark Red Kidney. Three AFLP markers (ECAG/MACC-1, EACA/MAGA-2, EAGG/MAAC-8) linked in repulsion to the Co-1 locus were identified by screening the A193 × Flor de Mayo F2 population with 314 random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The two most closely linked markers should be useful in marker-assisted selection for Co-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Mendoza
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sanjuana Hernández
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ruíz
- Institución de Enseñanza e Investigación en Ciencias Agrícolas, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Mora
- Institución de Enseñanza e Investigación en Ciencias Agrícolas, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Valle de México, Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico, México
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, Guanajuato
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