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De Oliveira RA, Budik S, Aurich C. Influence of partial or total replacement of glycerol by alternative cryoprotectants in Ghent freezing extender on post-thaw sperm quality in stallions. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:715-721. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA De Oliveira
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S Budik
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
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52
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Salmon VM, Castonguay F, Demers-Caron V, Leclerc P, Bailey JL. Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin improves ram sperm cryoresistance in skim milk-extender. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 177:1-11. [PMID: 28017451 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) is known to improve ram sperm cryosurvival. This study expands on previous research to: (1) determine the mechanism by which CLC improves ram sperm cryosurvival and (2) compare the efficiency of a novel, skim milk-based extender containing CLC to a traditional egg yolk-based extender. Hypothesis #1 was that CLC enhances membrane cholesterol content to increase the resistance of ram sperm to cold and osmotic stress, thereby improving cryosurvival. We first assessed the ability of fresh sperm treated with CLC to withstand cold shock. Second, fresh sperm were treated with CLC to evaluate their tolerance to osmotic stress. Third, to confirm that cholesterol is incorporated into the sperm using CLC, we quantified sperm cholesterol. To test Hypothesis #2 that CLC is most effective in a medium without competing cholesterol, we compared sperm cryosurvival and fertility in skim milk-based extender containing CLC versus in a traditional egg yolk-based freezing extender without CLC. Our data confirmed that CLC treatment improves ram sperm cold shock and osmotic stress resistance, and augments sperm cholesterol content. Semen in skim milk-based extender containing CLC prior to freezing, had more motile sperm with intact acrosomes after thawing compared to semen in egg yolk-based extender. In contrast, sperm plasma membrane integrity and in vivo fertility of the semen cryopreserved in the skim milk-based extender with CLC did not differ from semen that was cryopreserved in egg yolk-based extender. Further research is warranted to combine CLC with other cryoprotection strategies or to modify the insemination protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney M Salmon
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François Castonguay
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Leclerc
- Département d'obstétrique, Gynécologie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Janice L Bailey
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Zhang M, Oldenhof H, Sieme H, Wolkers WF. Combining endocytic and freezing-induced trehalose uptake for cryopreservation of mammalian cells. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:229-235. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Inst. of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Willem F. Wolkers
- Inst. of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
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Novel glyceryl glucoside is a low toxic alternative for cryopreservation agent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:359-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang M, Oldenhof H, Sieme H, Wolkers WF. Freezing-induced uptake of trehalose into mammalian cells facilitates cryopreservation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1400-9. [PMID: 27003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if membrane-impermeable molecules are taken up by fibroblasts when exposing the cells to membrane phase transitions and/or freezing-induced osmotic forces. The membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye lucifer yellow (LY) was used to visualize and quantify uptake during endocytosis, and after freezing-thawing. In addition, trehalose uptake after freezing and thawing was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies showed that fibroblasts display a minor non-cooperative phase transition during cooling at suprazero temperatures, whereas cells display strong highly cooperative fluid-to-gel membrane phase transitions during freezing, both in the absence and presence of protectants. Cells do not show uptake of LY upon passing the suprazero membrane phase transition at 30-10°C, whereas after freezing and thawing cells show intracellular LY equally distributed within the cell. Both, LY and trehalose are taken up by fibroblasts after freezing and thawing with loading efficiencies approaching 50%. When using 250 mM extracellular trehalose during cryopreservation, intracellular concentrations greater than 100 mM were determined after thawing. A plot of cryosurvival versus the cooling rate showed a narrow inverted-'U'-shaped curve with an optimal cooling rate of 40°C min(-1). Diluting cells cryopreserved with trehalose in isotonic cell culture medium resulted in a loss of cell viability, which was attributed to intracellular trehalose causing an osmotic imbalance. Taken together, mammalian cells can be loaded with membrane-impermeable compounds, including the protective agent trehalose, by subjecting the cells to freezing-induced osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
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Salmon VM, Leclerc P, Bailey JL. Cholesterol-Loaded Cyclodextrin Increases the Cholesterol Content of Goat Sperm to Improve Cold and Osmotic Resistance and Maintain Sperm Function after Cryopreservation. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:85. [PMID: 26888968 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of semen cryopreservation depends on sperm membrane integrity and function after thawing. Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) is used for in vitro incorporation of cholesterol to protect cells against cold temperatures. We hypothesized that CLC treatment also enhances sperm cholesterol content to increase tolerance to osmotic shock and cryoresistance, thereby improving fertility. We confirmed the fact that treatment of goat semen with 3 mg/ml CLC increases sperm cholesterol content using both the Liebermann-Burchard approach and filipin III labeling of membrane cholesterol. Sperm were then treated with or without CLC and cryopreserved. After thawing, sperm cholesterol dramatically fell, even in the presence of CLC, which explains the mechanism of cryocapacitation. CLC treatment, however, maintained a normal prefreeze cholesterol level in sperm after cryopreservation. Furthermore, fresh sperm treated with CLC and subjected to either cold shock or incubated in hypo-, iso-, and hyperosmotic media, designed to mimic stresses associated with freezing/thawing, displayed increased temperature and osmotic tolerance. CLC treatment also improved sperm viability, motility, and acrosome integrity after thawing. Furthermore, CLC treatment did not affect the sperm's ability to undergo in vitro capacitation according to chlortetracycline fluorescence and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. A pilot field trial demonstrated that artificial insemination with sperm that underwent increased cholesterol levels following CLC treatment yielded higher fertility ( ITALIC! P< 0.1) and proliferation ( ITALIC! P< 0.05) rates in vivo than untreated semen from the same ejaculate samples. These observations suggest that CLC treatment could be used to improve cryoprotection during the freezing and thawing of goat sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney M Salmon
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Leclerc
- Département d'Obstétrique et de Gynécologie, Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction, Université Laval, Axe reproduction, santé périnatale et santé de l'enfant, Centre de recherche du CHUQ-CHUL, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Janice L Bailey
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Sieme H, Oldenhof H, Wolkers WF. Mode of action of cryoprotectants for sperm preservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 169:2-5. [PMID: 26936658 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation facilitates storage and transport for use in artificial reproduction technologies. Cryopreservation processing, however, exposes cells to stress resulting in cellular damage compromising sperm function. Cryoprotective agents are needed to minimize cryopreservation injury, but at higher concentration they are toxic to cells. In this review, we describe cryoinjury mechanisms, and modes of action of different types of cryoprotective agents. Furthermore, measures are discussed how to minimize toxic effects caused by adding and removing cryoprotective agents. Cryoprotective agents can be divided into permeating and non-permeating agents. Permeating agents such as glycerol can move across cellular membranes and modulate the rate and extent of cellular dehydration during freezing-induced membrane phase transitions. Permeating protectants provide intracellular protection because they are preferentially excluded from the surface of biomolecules thereby stabilizing the native state. Non-permeating agents can be divided into osmotically active smaller molecules and osmotically inactive macromolecules. Both, permeating and non-permeating protectants form a protective glassy state during freezing preserving biomolecular and cellular structures. Freezing extenders for sperm contain salts, buffer compounds, sugars, proteins and lipids, and typically contain glycerol as the main permeating cryoprotective agent providing intracellular protection. Non-permeating protectants including sugars and proteins are used as bulking agents and to increase the glass transition temperature of the freezing extender. Ultra-heat-treated milk and egg yolk are frequently added as membrane modifying agents to enhance the inherent sperm cryostability. The protocol how to use and add cryoprotectants is a compromise between their beneficial and potentially detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses-Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses-Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
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Prien S. Cryoprotectants & Cryopreservation of Equine Semen: A Review of Industry Cryoprotectants and the Effects of Cryopreservation on Equine Semen Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2016.03.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sieme H, Oldenhof H, Wolkers WF. Sperm Membrane Behaviour during Cooling and Cryopreservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50 Suppl 3:20-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sieme
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - H Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - WF Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
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Oldenhof H, Heutelbeck A, Blässe AK, Bollwein H, Martinsson G, Wolkers WF, Sieme H. Tolerance of spermatozoa to hypotonic stress: role of membrane fluidity and correlation with cryosurvival. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:285-93. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate inter-individual variability in osmotic properties of stallion spermatozoa and its correlation with cryosurvival. In addition, temperature dependency of hypo-osmotic tolerance and membrane fluidity were studied. Stallion sperm membranes exhibited good resistance towards hypotonic stress in the 15–30°C temperature range, whereas membrane stability was found to be decreased at 4 and 37°C. Bull spermatozoa showed greater hypo-osmotic tolerance compared with stallion spermatozoa, especially at temperatures above 30°C, which coincided with decreased membrane fluidity of bovine spermatozoa in this temperature range. The critical osmolality at 22°C, at which half of the sperm population survived exposure to hypotonic saline solution, was found to vary between 55 and 170 mOsm kg–1 among different stallions. Clear correlations were found for pre- versus post-freeze sperm motility and membrane integrity. Pre-freeze percentages of membrane-intact spermatozoa after exposure to hypotonic stress showed a weak correlation with sperm motility after cryopreservation. This correlation, however, was not found when data were corrected for initial numbers of membrane-intact spermatozoa in the sample. We thus conclude that studies on pre-freeze tolerance towards hypotonic stress cannot be used to predict sperm cryosurvival rates for individual stallions.
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Abstract
Cell membranes can be modified using cyclodextrins loaded with lipids or unilamellar liposomes. Lipid choice can greatly influence the organization of the targeted membrane and result in a cell that is more capable of surviving cryopreservation due to altered membrane-phase transition properties or membrane reorganization that may alter the normal physiologic processes of the treated cell. The protocols described here explain the preparation of the cyclodextrins and liposomes, impact of the amount and type of lipids, and general principles for treating cells using either of these technologies.
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63
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Kadirve G, Kumar S, Ghosh S, Perumal P. Activity of antioxidative enzymes in fresh and frozen thawed buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa in relation to lipid peroxidation and semen quality. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(14)60028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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64
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Tomás C, Gómez-Fernández J, Gómez-Izquierdo E, Mocé E, de Mercado E. Addition of Cholesterol-Loaded Cyclodextrins to the Thawing Extender: Effects on Boar Sperm Quality. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:427-32. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Tomás
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CITA-IVIA); Segorbe Castellón Spain
| | - J Gómez-Fernández
- Centro de Pruebas de Porcino; Área de Investigación Ganadera; Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología; Instituto Tecnológico Agrario; Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería; Junta de Castilla y León; Hontalbilla Segovia Spain
| | - E Gómez-Izquierdo
- Centro de Pruebas de Porcino; Área de Investigación Ganadera; Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología; Instituto Tecnológico Agrario; Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería; Junta de Castilla y León; Hontalbilla Segovia Spain
| | - E Mocé
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CITA-IVIA); Segorbe Castellón Spain
| | - E de Mercado
- Centro de Pruebas de Porcino; Área de Investigación Ganadera; Subdirección de Investigación y Tecnología; Instituto Tecnológico Agrario; Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería; Junta de Castilla y León; Hontalbilla Segovia Spain
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Gautier J, Passot S, Pénicaud C, Guillemin H, Cenard S, Lieben P, Fonseca F. A low membrane lipid phase transition temperature is associated with a high cryotolerance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus CFL1. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5591-602. [PMID: 23810590 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cellular damage that lactic acid bacteria incur during freeze-thaw processes have not been elucidated to date. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate in situ the lipid phase transition behavior of the membrane of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CFL1 cells during the freeze-thaw process. Our objective was to relate the lipid membrane behavior to membrane integrity losses during freezing and to cell-freezing resistance. Cells were produced by using 2 different culture media: de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth (complex medium) or mild whey-based medium (minimal medium commonly used in the dairy industry), to obtain different membrane lipid compositions corresponding to different recovery rates of cell viability and functionality after freezing. The lipid membrane behavior studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was found to be different according to the cell lipid composition and cryotolerance. Freeze-resistant cells, exhibiting a higher content of unsaturated and cyclic fatty acids, presented a lower lipid phase transition temperature (Ts) during freezing (Ts=-8°C), occurring within the same temperature range as the ice nucleation, than freeze-sensitive cells (Ts=+22°C). A subzero value of lipid phase transition allowed the maintenance of the cell membrane in a relatively fluid state during freezing, thus facilitating water flux from the cell and the concomitant volume reduction following ice formation in the extracellular medium. In addition, the lipid phase transition of freeze-resistant cells occurred within a short temperature range, which could be ascribed to a reduced number of fatty acids, representing more than 80% of the total. This short lipid phase transition could be associated with a limited phenomenon of lateral phase separation and membrane permeabilization. This work highlights that membrane phase transitions occurring during freeze-thawing play a fundamental role in the cryotolerance of Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus CFL1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gautier
- INRA, UMR782, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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