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Modulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor suppresses age-related basal forebrain cholinergic neuron degeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5273. [PMID: 30918278 PMCID: PMC6437186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is linked to cognitive impairment. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been proposed to mediate neuronal degeneration in aging. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that modifying p75NTR function would prevent or reverse aging-related neuronal degeneration using LM11A-31, a small molecule p75NTR modulator that downregulates degenerative and upregulates trophic receptor-associated signaling. Morphological analysis in mice showed loss of BFCN area detectable by 18 months of age. Oral administration of LM11A-31 from age 15 to 18 months resulted in a dose-related preservation of BFCN area and one month of treatment from 17 to 18 months also preserved cell area. To evaluate reversal of established neuronal atrophy, animals were treated from 21 to 25 months of age. Treatment was associated with an increase of cell size to a mean area larger than that observed at 18 months, accompanied by increases in mean MS/VDB neurite length, as well as increased cholinergic fiber density and synaptophysin pre-synaptic marker levels in the hippocampus. These findings support the idea that modulation of p75NTR activity can prevent and potentially reverse age-associated BFCN degeneration. Moreover, this may be achieved therapeutically with orally bioavailable agents such as LM11A-31.
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Mesulam MM, Lalehzari N, Rahmani F, Ohm D, Shahidehpour R, Kim G, Gefen T, Weintraub S, Bigio E, Geula C. Cortical cholinergic denervation in primary progressive aphasia with Alzheimer pathology. Neurology 2019; 92:e1580-e1588. [PMID: 30842294 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) as justification for cholinergic therapy. METHODS A cohort of 36 brains from PPA participants with the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease (PPA-AD, n = 14) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (PPA-tau, n = 12; PPA-TDP, n = 10) were used for semiquantitative rating of degeneration and gliosis of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN). A subpopulation of 5 PPA-AD and 7 control brains underwent detailed analysis of BFCN pathology and cortical cholinergic axonal loss employing immunohistochemical and histochemical methods and stereologic analysis. RESULTS Semiquantitatively, 11 (∼80%) PPA-AD participants were rated as having moderate/severe BFCN loss and gliosis, whereas none of the PPA-tau and only 1 (10%) PPA-TDP participant received such a rating. Detailed analysis in the subpopulation of PPA-AD participants revealed substantial tangle formation, loss of BFCN, and degeneration of cortical cholinergic axons. Compared to controls, loss of p75 low affinity neurotrophin receptor-positive BFCN was detected in the PPA-AD participants (p < 0.01). Acetylcholinesterase-positive cholinergic axons in all cortical areas studied displayed loss in PPA-AD (p < 0.005-0.0001). The loss was more severe in the language-dominant left hemisphere and, within the left hemisphere, in language-affiliated cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate prominent depletion of BFCN and cortical cholinergic axons in PPA-AD when compared with normal control or other neuropathologic variants of PPA. The demonstration of cholinergic denervation with an anatomy that fits the clinical picture suggests that cholinergic treatment is justified in patients with PPA who have positive AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-Marsel Mesulam
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nava Lalehzari
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Farzan Rahmani
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel Ohm
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan Shahidehpour
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Garam Kim
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tamar Gefen
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Eileen Bigio
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Changiz Geula
- From the Mesulam Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
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Gavilan J, Mennickent D, Ramirez-Molina O, Triviño S, Perez C, Silva-Grecchi T, Godoy PA, Becerra J, Aguayo LG, Moraga-Cid G, Martin VS, Yevenes GE, Castro PA, Guzman L, Fuentealba J. 17 Oxo Sparteine and Lupanine, Obtained from Cytisus scoparius, Exert a Neuroprotection against Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid-β Toxicity by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:343-356. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Oscar Ramirez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Sergio Triviño
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Perez
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jose Becerra
- Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Moraga-Cid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Victoria San Martin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E. Yevenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A. Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzman
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Screening de Compuestos Neuroactivos, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina-U. de Concepcion (CIAB UdeC), Chile
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Roles of tau pathology in the locus coeruleus (LC) in age-associated pathophysiology and Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis: Potential strategies to protect the LC against aging. Brain Res 2019; 1702:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Latina V, Caioli S, Zona C, Ciotti MT, Borreca A, Calissano P, Amadoro G. NGF-Dependent Changes in Ubiquitin Homeostasis Trigger Early Cholinergic Degeneration in Cellular and Animal AD-Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:487. [PMID: 30618634 PMCID: PMC6300588 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) depend on nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival/differentiation and innervate cortical and hippocampal regions involved in memory/learning processes. Cholinergic hypofunction and/or degeneration early occurs at prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in correlation with synaptic damages, cognitive decline and behavioral disability. Alteration(s) in ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is also a pivotal AD hallmark but whether it plays a causative, or only a secondary role, in early synaptic failure associated with disease onset remains unclear. We previously reported that impairment of NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in cholinergic-enriched septo-hippocampal primary neurons triggers "dying-back" degenerative processes which occur prior to cell death in concomitance with loss of specific vesicle trafficking proteins, including synapsin I, SNAP-25 and α-synuclein, and with deficit in presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission. Here, we show that in this in vitro neuronal model: (i) UPS stimulation early occurs following neurotrophin starvation (-1 h up to -6 h); (ii) NGF controls the steady-state levels of these three presynaptic proteins by acting on coordinate mechanism(s) of dynamic ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL-1)-dependent (mono)ubiquitin turnover and UPS-mediated protein degradation. Importantly, changes in miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) frequency detected in -6 h NGF-deprived primary neurons are strongly reverted by acute inhibition of UPS and UCHL-1, indicating that NGF tightly controls in vitro the presynaptic efficacy via ubiquitination-mediated pathway(s). Finally, changes in synaptic ubiquitin and selective reduction of presynaptic markers are also found in vivo in cholinergic nerve terminals from hippocampi of transgenic Tg2576 AD mice, even from presymptomatic stages of neuropathology (1-month-old). By demonstrating a crucial role of UPS in the dysregulation of NGF/TrkA signaling on properties of cholinergic synapses, these findings from two well-established cellular and animal AD models provide novel therapeutic targets to contrast early cognitive and synaptic dysfunction associated to selective degeneration of BFCNs occurring in incipient early/middle-stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Zona
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Borreca
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology – National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology – National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Fleifel D, Rahmoon MA, AlOkda A, Nasr M, Elserafy M, El-Khamisy SF. Recent advances in stem cells therapy: A focus on cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:427-432. [PMID: 30733756 PMCID: PMC6354001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells serve as potential therapeutics due to their high proliferative capacity, low immunogenic reactivity and their differentiating capabilities. Several pre-clinical and early-stage clinical studies are carried out to treat genetic diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders with promising preliminary results. However, there are still many challenges that scientists are trying to overcome such as the unclear expression profile of stem cells in vivo, the homing of stem cells to the site of injury and their potential immune-reactivity. Prospective research lies in gene editing of autologous stem cells in vitro and safe injection of these modified cells back into patients. Here, we review the clinical trials executed using stem cell therapy in an attempt to cure challenging diseases like cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Fleifel
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mai Atef Rahmoon
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Nasr
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Menattallah Elserafy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
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Eskandary A, Moazedi AA. Effect of co-administration of donepezil and folic acid on spatial memory impairment in adult male rat model of Alzheimer's disease. THE JOURNAL OF QAZVIN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/qums.22.5.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Chiesa PA, Cavedo E, Grothe MJ, Houot M, Teipel SJ, Potier MC, Habert MO, Lista S, Dubois B, Hampel H. Relationship between Basal Forebrain Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Brain Amyloid-β Deposition in Cognitively Intact Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints. Radiology 2018; 290:167-176. [PMID: 30351255 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018180268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between the global fibrillary amyloid-β pathology and the basal forebrain connectivity at rest in cognitively intact older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of anterior and posterior basal forebrain seeds was investigated, as well as PET-measured global amyloid-β load by using standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in 267 older cognitively intact individuals with subjective memory complaints (age range, 70-85 years; overall mean age, 75.8 years; 167 women [mean age, 75.9 years] and 100 men [mean age, 75.8 years]). The participants were from the Investigation of Alzheimer's Predictors in Subjective Memory Complainers (INSIGHT-preAD) cohort (date range, 2013-present). The relationship between SUVR and the basal forebrain RSFC was assessed, followed by the effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and sex on the basal forebrain RSFC. Results Higher SUVR values correlated with lower posterior basal forebrain RSFC in the hippocampus and the thalamus (Pearson r =-0.23; P <.001 corrected for familywise error [FWE]). Both sex and APOE genotype impacted the associations between basal forebrain RSFC and the global amyloid deposition (t values >3.59; P <.05 corrected for FWE). Conclusion Data indicate a distinct in vivo association between posterior basal forebrain dynamics and global fibrillary amyloid-β pathology in cognitively intact older adults with subjective memory complaints; both apolipoprotein E and sex moderate such association. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Caspers in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia A Chiesa
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Michel J Grothe
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Marion Houot
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Simone Lista
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Bruno Dubois
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | - Harald Hampel
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
| | -
- From the AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., H.H.); Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 (P.A.C., E.C., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P.A.C., E.C., M.H., S.L., B.D., H.H.); Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Italy (E.C.); German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany (M.J.G., S.J.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (S.J.T.); ICM, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (M.C.P.); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France (M.O.H.); Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France (M.O.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France (M.O.H.). Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (M.H., B.D.); Center for Clinical Investigation Neurosciences, ICM (M.H.)
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Aβ dimers induce behavioral and neurochemical deficits of relevance to early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Longitudinal Alzheimer’s Degeneration Reflects the Spatial Topography of Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Projections. Cell Rep 2018; 24:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Tseng JH, Xie L, Song S, Xie Y, Allen L, Ajit D, Hong JS, Chen X, Meeker RB, Cohen TJ. The Deacetylase HDAC6 Mediates Endogenous Neuritic Tau Pathology. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2169-2183. [PMID: 28854366 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiating events that promote tau mislocalization and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well defined, partly because of the lack of endogenous models that recapitulate tau dysfunction. We exposed wild-type neurons to a neuroinflammatory trigger and examined the effect on endogenous tau. We found that tau re-localized and accumulated within pathological neuritic foci, or beads, comprised of mostly hypo-phosphorylated, acetylated, and oligomeric tau. These structures were detected in aged wild-type mice and were enhanced in response to neuroinflammation in vivo, highlighting a previously undescribed endogenous age-related tau pathology. Strikingly, deletion or inhibition of the cytoplasmic shuttling factor HDAC6 suppressed neuritic tau bead formation in neurons and mice. Using mass spectrometry-based profiling, we identified a single neuroinflammatory factor, the metalloproteinase MMP-9, as a mediator of neuritic tau beading. Thus, our study uncovers a link between neuroinflammation and neuritic tau beading as a potential early-stage pathogenic mechanism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Heng Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheng Song
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Youmei Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Allen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepa Ajit
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rick B Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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62
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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63
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Lauzon MA, Faucheux N. A small peptide derived from BMP-9 can increase the effect of bFGF and NGF on SH-SY5Y cells differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:83-92. [PMID: 29341901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current aging of the world population will increase the number of people suffering from brain degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are evidence showing that the use of growth factors such as BMP-9 could restored cognitive function as it acts on many AD hallmarks at the same time. However, BMP-9 is a big protein expensive to produce that can hardly access the central nervous system. We have therefore developed a small peptide, SpBMP-9, derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 and showed its therapeutic potential in a previous study. Since it is known that the native protein, BMP-9, can act in synergy with other growth factors in the context of AD, here we study the potential synergistic effect of various combinations of SpBMP-9 with bFGF, EGF, IGF-2 or NGF on the cholinergic differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y. We found that, in opposition to IGF-2 or EGF, the combination of SpBMP-9 with bFGF or NGF can stimulate to a greater extent the neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation toward the cholinergic phenotype as shown by expression and localization of the neuronal markers NSE and VAchT and the staining of intracellular calcium. Those results strongly suggest that SpBMP-9 plus NGF or bFGF are promising therapeutic combinations against AD that required further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada; Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Lauzon MA, Marcos B, Faucheux N. Characterization of alginate/chitosan-based nanoparticles and mathematical modeling of their SpBMP-9 release inducing neuronal differentiation of human SH-SY5Y cells. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:801-811. [PMID: 29254039 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of brain degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population is ageing. While current AD treatments have only a transient effect, there are many evidences indicating that some growth factors, such as BMP-9, may be used to treat AD. However, growth factors cannot readily access the brain because of their size and the presence of the blood brain barrier. We have therefore developed a small peptide derived from BMP-9, SpBMP-9, which can promote the differentiation of cholinergic neurons and inactivate GSK3beta, a Tau kinase. Here, we investigated the potential of a nanoparticle-based delivery system of SpBMP-9, made of alginate and chitosan (Alg/Chit NPs), as a new therapeutic strategy against AD. The Alg/Chit NPs size distribution revealed NPs with an average diameter of ∼240nm. The encapsulation efficiency of SpBMP-9 was ∼70% of the initial peptide mass loading. Release kinetics of SpBMP-9 were performed in physiological conditions and modelled with a mechanistic framework that took into account the size distribution of Alg/Chit NPs. The release of SpBMP-9 revealed to be mostly diffusive, but there were interactions between the peptide and the alginate chains. The Alg/Chit NPs could also increase the viability of SH-SY5Y cells in comparison to the control. Finally, the SpBMP-9 released from Alg/Chit NPs promoted the SH-SY5Y differentiation into mature neurons as demonstrated by a higher neurite outgrowth and an increased expression of the neuronal markers NSE and VAchT. In conclusion, the nano-scale SpBMP-9 delivery system made of Alg/Chit may be a promising therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada; Clinical Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada; Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Peptides derived from the knuckle epitope of BMP-9 induce the cholinergic differentiation and inactivate GSk3beta in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4695. [PMID: 28680159 PMCID: PMC5498665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages. While there is presently no known cure for AD and current treatments having only a transient effect, an increasing number of publications indicate that growth factors (GF) may be used to treat AD. GFs like the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-9, affect many aspects of AD. However, BMP-9 is a big protein that cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We have therefore studied the effects of two small peptides derived from BMP-9 (pBMP-9 and SpBMP-9). We investigated their capacity to differentiate SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells into neurons with or without retinoic acid (RA). Both peptides induced Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and their nuclear translocation. They increased the number and length of neurites and the expression of neuronal markers MAP-2, NeuN and NSE better than did BMP-9. They also promoted differentiation to the cholinergic phenotype more actively than BMP-9, SpBMP-9 being the most effective as shown by increases in intracellular acetylcholine, ChAT and VAchT. Finally, both peptides activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited GSK3beta, a current AD therapeutic target. BMP-9-derived peptides, especially SpBMP-9, with or without RA, are promising molecules that warrant further investigation.
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The Lesion Analysis of Cholinergic Neurons in 5XFAD Mouse Model in the Three-Dimensional Level of Whole Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4115-4125. [PMID: 28597200 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic system is very important for many higher brain functions, including learning and memory. Cholinergic neurons, especially those in the basal forebrain, are specifically susceptible in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we studied the cholinergic system lesion effects of five familial AD mutations in 5XFAD mice, a transgenic mouse model of AD. Although the cholinergic system has been studied in this mouse model, the cholinergic deficits in AD mice have never been systematically mapped in a whole-brain three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Using the 3D reconstruction technology combined with immunohistochemistry (3D-IHC) and design-based stereology, we comprehensively compared the differences of the cholinergic neurons and fibers between the 5XFAD mice and C57BL/6 control mice at different age. Here, we found that the lesion of cholinergic fibers occurred earlier than the cholinergic neuron loss in 5XFAD mice. The cholinergic fiber lesions in the AD mice started sequentially in amygdala, cortex, hippocampus, and then basal forebrain. However, the basal forebrain was the first brain region observed with cholinergic neuron loss at the age of 9 months in 5XFAD mice, whereas such phenomenon first occurred at the age of 15 months in C57BL/6 control mice. Moreover, using 3D reconstruction to compare the lesion of cholinergic system of aged 5XFAD and C57BL/6 control mice, it is intuitive to notice the pathologic regions and severity of lesion. Therefore, the 3D-IHC provides detailed overview of the cholinergic neurons in the whole mouse brain, which will contribute to the study of the developing and pathologic mouse brain.
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Singh Y, Gupta G, Shrivastava B, Dahiya R, Tiwari J, Ashwathanarayana M, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Mishra A, Dua K. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): A novel target for Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:457-461. [PMID: 28417590 PMCID: PMC6492742 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is leading cause of death among older characterized by neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, progressive neuronal deficits, and increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Cholinergic treatment could be the best suitable physiological therapy for AD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a thirty-seven-amino acid regulatory neuropeptide resulting from different merging of the CGRP gene, which also includes adrenomedullin, amylin, calcitonin, intermedin, and calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide. It is a proof for a CGRP receptor within nucleus accumbens of brain that is different from either the CGRP1 or CGRP2 receptor in which it demonstrates similar high-affinity binding for salmon calcitonin, CGRP, and amylin, a possession which is not shared by any extra CGRP receptors. Binding of CGRP to its receptor increases activated cAMP-dependent pkA and PI3 kinase, resulting in N-terminal fragments that are shown to exert complex inhibitory as well facilitator actions on nAChRs. Fragments such as CGRP1-4, CGRP1-5, and CGRP1-6 rapidly as well as reversibly improve agonist sensitivity of nAChRs without straight stimulating those receptors and produce the Ca2+ -induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-activated angiotensin-type (AT4) receptor is also beneficial in AD. It has been suggested that exogenous administration of CGRP inhibits infiltration of macrophages and expression of various inflammatory mediators such as NFkB, IL-1b, TNF-α, iNOS, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and cell adhesion molecules like intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 which attenuates consequence of inflammation in AD. Donepezil, a ChEI, inhibits acetylcholinesterase and produces angiogenesis and neurogenesis, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of WT mice after donepezil administration. However, none of the results discovered in CGRP-knockout mice and WT mice exposed to practical denervation. Therefore, selective agonists of CGRP receptors may become the potential candidates for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh
- School of PharmacyJaipur National UniversityJagatpuraJaipurIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacyJaipur National UniversityJagatpuraJaipurIndia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | | | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and DevelopmentSchool of Pharmacy, The University of the West IndiesSt. Augustine, Trinidad & TobagoWest Indies
| | - Juhi Tiwari
- School of PharmacyJaipur National UniversityJagatpuraJaipurIndia
| | | | | | - Mohit Agrawal
- School of pharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJaipurIndia
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of pharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJaipurIndia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of PharmacyGraduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
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68
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Marei HE, Elnegiry AA, Zaghloul A, Althani A, Afifi N, Abd-Elmaksoud A, Farag A, Lashen S, Rezk S, Shouman Z, Cenciarelli C, Hasan A. Nanotubes impregnated human olfactory bulb neural stem cells promote neuronal differentiation in Trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration rat model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3586-3597. [PMID: 28121007 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent self-renewing cells that could be used in cellular-based therapy for a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Being multipotent in nature, they are practically capable of giving rise to major cell types of the nervous tissue including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This is in marked contrast to neural progenitor cells which are committed to a specific lineage fate. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the ability of NSCs isolated from human olfactory bulb (OB) to survive, proliferate, differentiate, and restore cognitive and motor deficits associated with AD, and PD rat models, respectively. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the survivability and differentiation potential of NSCs following their in vivo engraftment have been recently suggested. Here, in order to assess the ability of CNTs to enhance the therapeutic potential of human OBNSCs for restoring cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative lesions, we co-engrafted CNTs and human OBNSCs in TMT-neurodegeneration rat model. The present study revealed that engrafted human OBNSCS-CNTs restored cognitive deficits, and neurodegenerative changes associated with TMT-induced rat neurodegeneration model. Moreover, the CNTs seemed to provide a support for engrafted OBNSCs, with increasing their tendency to differentiate into neurons rather than into glia cells. The present study indicate the marked ability of CNTs to enhance the therapeutic potential of human OBNSCs which qualify this novel therapeutic paradigm as a promising candidate for cell-based therapy of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Elnegiry
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Adel Zaghloul
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asma Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Abd-Elmaksoud
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany Farag
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Lashen
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Shouman
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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69
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Getz AM, Xu F, Visser F, Persson R, Syed NI. Tumor suppressor menin is required for subunit-specific nAChR α5 transcription and nAChR-dependent presynaptic facilitation in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1768. [PMID: 28496137 PMCID: PMC5432004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), cholinergic transmission induces synaptic plasticity that is required for learning and memory. However, our understanding of the development and maintenance of cholinergic circuits is limited, as the factors regulating the expression and clustering of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) remain poorly defined. Recent studies from our group have implicated calpain-dependent proteolytic fragments of menin, the product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, in coordinating the transcription and synaptic clustering of nAChRs in invertebrate central neurons. Here, we sought to determine whether an analogous cholinergic mechanism underlies menin's synaptogenic function in the vertebrate CNS. Our data from mouse primary hippocampal cultures demonstrate that menin and its calpain-dependent C-terminal fragment (C-menin) regulate the subunit-specific transcription and synaptic clustering of neuronal nAChRs, respectively. MEN1 knockdown decreased nAChR α5 subunit expression, the clustering of α7 subunit-containing nAChRs at glutamatergic presynaptic terminals, and nicotine-induced presynaptic facilitation. Moreover, the number and function of glutamatergic synapses was unaffected by MEN1 knockdown, indicating that the synaptogenic actions of menin are specific to cholinergic regulation. Taken together, our results suggest that the influence of menin on synapse formation and synaptic plasticity occur via modulation of nAChR channel subunit composition and functional clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Getz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Frank Visser
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Naweed I Syed
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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70
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Pecoraro V, Sardone LM, Chisari M, Licata F, Li Volsi G, Perciavalle V, Ciranna L, Costa L. A subnanomolar concentration of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) pre-synaptically modulates glutamatergic transmission in the rat hippocampus acting through acetylcholine. Neuroscience 2016; 340:551-562. [PMID: 27816700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide PACAP modulates synaptic transmission in the hippocampus exerting multiple effects through different receptor subtypes: the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) also exerts a well-documented modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. Since PACAP was shown to stimulate ACh release in the hippocampus, we tested whether PACAP acting through ACh might indirectly modulate glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission at a pre- and/or at a post-synaptic level. Using patch clamp on rat hippocampal slices, we tested PACAP effects on stimulation-evoked AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCsAMPA) in the CA3-CA1 synapse and on spontaneous miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons. A subnanomolar dose of PACAP (0.5nM) decreased EPSCsAMPA amplitude, enhanced EPSC paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and reduced mEPSC frequency, indicating a pre-synaptic decrease of glutamate release probability: these effects were abolished by simultaneous blockade of muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors, indicating the involvement of endogenous ACh. The effect of subnanomolar PACAP was abolished by a PAC1 receptor antagonist but not by a VPAC receptor blocker. At a higher concentration (10nM), PACAP inhibited EPSCsAMPA: this effect persisted in the presence of ACh receptor antagonists and did not involve any change in PPF or in mEPSC frequency, thus was not mediated by ACh and was exerted post- synaptically on CA1 pyramidal neurons. We suggest that a high-affinity PAC1 receptor pre-synaptically modulates hippocampal glutamatergic transmission acting through ACh. Therefore, administration of PACAP at very low doses might be envisaged in cognitive diseases with reduced cholinergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pecoraro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Lara Maria Sardone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Mariangela Chisari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Flora Licata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Li Volsi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Perciavalle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciranna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Lara Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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71
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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72
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Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep: A Novel Mechanistic Pathway, Biomarker, and Treatment Target in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease? Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:552-566. [PMID: 27325209 PMCID: PMC4967375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disruption appears to be a core component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its pathophysiology. Signature abnormalities of sleep emerge before clinical onset of AD. Moreover, insufficient sleep facilitates accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), potentially triggering earlier cognitive decline and conversion to AD. Building on such findings, this review has four goals: evaluating (i) associations and plausible mechanisms linking non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep disruption, Aβ, and AD; (ii) a role for NREM sleep disruption as a novel factor linking cortical Aβ to impaired hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation; (iii) the potential diagnostic utility of NREM sleep disruption as a new biomarker of AD; and (iv) the possibility of sleep as a new treatment target in aging, affording preventative and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Mander
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
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73
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Teipel S, Raiser T, Riedl L, Riederer I, Schroeter ML, Bisenius S, Schneider A, Kornhuber J, Fliessbach K, Spottke A, Grothe MJ, Prudlo J, Kassubek J, Ludolph A, Landwehrmeyer B, Straub S, Otto M, Danek A. Atrophy and structural covariance of the cholinergic basal forebrain in primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2016; 83:124-35. [PMID: 27509365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by profound destruction of cortical language areas. Anatomical studies suggest an involvement of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) in PPA syndromes, particularly in the area of the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP). Here we aimed to determine the pattern of atrophy and structural covariance as a proxy of structural connectivity of BF nuclei in PPA variants. We studied 62 prospectively recruited cases with the clinical diagnosis of PPA and 31 healthy older control participants from the cohort study of the German consortium for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We determined cortical and BF atrophy based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Patterns of structural covariance of BF with cortical regions were determined using voxel-based partial least square analysis. We found significant atrophy of total BF and BF subregions in PPA patients compared with controls [F(1, 82) = 20.2, p < .001]. Atrophy was most pronounced in the NSP and the posterior BF, and most severe in the semantic variant and the nonfluent variant of PPA. Structural covariance analysis in healthy controls revealed associations of the BF nuclei, particularly the NSP, with left hemispheric predominant prefrontal, lateral temporal, and parietal cortical areas, including Broca's speech area (p < .001, permutation test). In contrast, the PPA patients showed preserved structural covariance of the BF nuclei mostly with right but not with left hemispheric cortical areas (p < .001, permutation test). Our findings agree with the neuroanatomically proposed involvement of the cholinergic BF, particularly the NSP, in PPA syndromes. We found a shift from a structural covariance of the BF with left hemispheric cortical areas in healthy aging towards right hemispheric cortical areas in PPA, possibly reflecting a consequence of the profound and early destruction of cortical language areas in PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Theresa Raiser
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Riedl
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Riederer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandrine Bisenius
- Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Straub
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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74
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Brueggen K, Dyrba M, Barkhof F, Hausner L, Filippi M, Nestor PJ, Hauenstein K, Klöppel S, Grothe MJ, Kasper E, Teipel SJ. Basal Forebrain and Hippocampus as Predictors of Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment - A Multicenter DTI and Volumetry Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:197-204. [PMID: 26401940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal grey matter (GM) atrophy predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pilot data suggests that mean diffusivity (MD) in the hippocampus, as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), may be a more accurate predictor of conversion than hippocampus volume. In addition, previous studies suggest that volume of the cholinergic basal forebrain may reach a diagnostic accuracy superior to hippocampal volume in MCI. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether increased MD and decreased volume of the hippocampus, the basal forebrain and other AD-typical regions predicted time to conversion from MCI to AD dementia. METHODS 79 MCI patients with DTI and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively included from the European DTI Study in Dementia (EDSD) dataset. Of these participants, 35 converted to AD dementia after 6-46 months (mean: 21 months). We used Cox regression to estimate the relative conversion risk predicted by MD values and GM volumes, controlling for age, gender, education and center. RESULTS Decreased GM volume in all investigated regions predicted an increased risk for conversion. Additionally, increased MD in the right basal forebrain predicted increased conversion risk. Reduced volume of the right hippocampus was the only significant predictor in a stepwise model combining all predictor variables. CONCLUSION Volume reduction of the hippocampus, the basal forebrain and other AD-related regions was predictive of increased risk for conversion from MCI to AD. In this study, volume was superior to MD in predicting conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Dyrba
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,MMIS group, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter J Nestor
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Klöppel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kasper
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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75
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Theofilas P, Dunlop S, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. Turning on the Light Within: Subcortical Nuclei of the Isodentritic Core and their Role in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:17-34. [PMID: 25720408 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are likely to be more efficacious if administered early in the course of the disease, foregoing the spread of irreversible changes in the brain. Research findings underline an early vulnerability of the isodendritic core (IC) network to AD neurofibrillary lesions. The IC constitutes a phylogenetically conserved subcortical system including the locus coeruleus in pons, dorsal raphe nucleus, and substantia nigra in the midbrain, and nucleus basalis of Meynert in basal forebrain. Through their ascending projections to the cortex, the IC neurons regulate homeostasis and behavior by synthesizing aminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitters. Here we reviewed the evidence demonstrating that neurons of the IC system show neurofibrillary tangles in the earliest stages of AD, prior to cortical pathology, and how this involvement may explain pre-amnestic symptoms, including depression, agitation, and sleep disturbances in AD patients. In fact, clinical and animal studies show a significant reduction of AD cognitive and behavioral symptoms following replenishment of neurotransmitters associated with the IC network. Therefore, the IC network represents a unique candidate for viable therapeutic intervention and should become a high priority for research in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Theofilas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Dunlop
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatrics, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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76
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Deng J, Yu W, Yu Y. Polymorphisms of CHAT but not TFAM or VR22 are Associated with Alzheimer Disease Risk. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1924-35. [PMID: 27272392 PMCID: PMC4917321 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is one of the most prevalent health problems among seniors. The cause of AD has not yet been elucidated, but many risk factors have been identified that might contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of AD. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies involving CHAT, TFAM, and VR22 polymorphisms and AD susceptibility to further understand the pathogenesis of AD. Material/Methods PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Rs1880676, rs2177369, rs3810950, and rs868750 of CHAT; rs1937 and rs2306604 of TFAM; and rs10997691 and rs7070570 of VR22 are studied in this meta-analysis. Results A total of 51 case-control studies with 16 446 cases and 16 057 controls were enrolled. For CHAT, rs2177369 (G>A) in whites and rs3810950 (G>A) in Asians were found to be associated with AD susceptibility. No association was detected between rs1880676 and rs868750 and AD risk. For TFAM and VR22, no significant association was detected in studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Conclusions Rs2177369 and rs3810950 of CHAT are associated with AD susceptibility, but rs1880676 and rs868750 are not. Rs1937 and rs2306604 of TFAM, and rs10997691 and rs7070570 of VR22 are not significantly associated with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinghua Deng
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbing Yu
- Fundamental Teaching Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yunxia Yu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Haiyang City, Haiyang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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77
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Grothe MJ, Heinsen H, Amaro E, Grinberg LT, Teipel SJ. Cognitive Correlates of Basal Forebrain Atrophy and Associated Cortical Hypometabolism in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:2411-2426. [PMID: 25840425 PMCID: PMC4869802 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic nuclei is associated with cognitive decline, and this effect is believed to be mediated by neuronal dysfunction in the denervated cortical areas. MRI-based measurements of BF atrophy are increasingly being used as in vivo surrogate markers for cholinergic degeneration, but the functional implications of reductions in BF volume are not well understood. We used high-resolution MRI, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET), and neuropsychological test data of 132 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 177 cognitively normal controls to determine associations between BF atrophy, cortical hypometabolism, and cognitive deficits. BF atrophy in MCI correlated with both impaired memory function and attentional control deficits, whereas hippocampus volume was more specifically associated with memory deficits. BF atrophy was also associated with widespread cortical hypometabolism, and path analytic models indicated that hypometabolism in domain-specific cortical networks mediated the association between BF volume and cognitive dysfunction. The presence of cortical amyloid pathology, as assessed using AV45-PET, did not significantly interact with the observed associations. These data underline the potential of multimodal imaging markers to study structure-function-cognition relationships in the living human brain and provide important in vivo evidence for an involvement of the human BF in cortical activity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- UCSF Memory and Aging Center, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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78
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Zhou J, Wang C, Zhang K, Wang Y, Gong X, Wang Y, Li S, Luo Y. Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Expressing zsGreen in Cholinergic Neurons Using CRISPR/Cas9 System. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2065-74. [PMID: 27113041 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lineage specific human embryonic stem cell (hESC) reporter cell line is a versatile tool for biological studies on real time monitoring of differentiation, physiological and biochemical features of special cell types and pathological mechanism of disease. Here we report the generation of ChAT-zsGreen reporter hESC line that express zsGreen under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter using CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 system. We show that the ChAT-zsGreen hESC reporter cell lines retain the features of undifferentiated hESC. After cholinergic neuronal differentiation, cholinergic neurons were clearly labeled with green fluorescence protein (zsGreen). The ChAT-zsGreen reporter hESC lines are invaluable not only for the monitoring cholinergic neuronal differentiation but also for study physiological and biochemical hallmarks of cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chencheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xi Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yanlu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Yuping Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China. .,Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Li X, Gao Y, Meng Z, Zhang C, Qi Q. Regulatory role of microRNA-30b and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1993-1998. [PMID: 27168840 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in drug-induced early cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanism concerning microRNA (miR)-30b. A mouse model of cognitive impairment was established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (2 mg/kg body weight) for 13 days. Behavioral performance was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The mRNA expression levels of PAI-1 and miR-30b were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The protein expression levels of PAI-1 in the hippocampus and blood were determined using western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The MWM test demonstrated that, on days 3 and 4, the escape latency was significantly elevated in the model mice in comparison with control group (P<0.05). In addition, the length of swimming path was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the number of times of crossing the platform location was significantly reduced in the model mouse group (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group. qPCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of PAI-1 in the model mice was significantly elevated in the hippocampus and blood in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the protein expression levels of PAI-1 were significantly elevated in the hippocampus and blood in the model group, in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). Notably, the levels of miR-30b in the hippocampus and blood were significantly decreased in the model mice in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). To conclude, the expression levels of PAI-1 were significantly elevated in mice with scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, which may be associated with the downregulation of miR-30b. The findings from the present study suggest that miR-30b may be involved in the regulation of PAI-1, which would contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Li
- Second Department of Health, Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyun Meng
- Second Department of Health, Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Qinde Qi
- Department of Neurology, Laiwu Hospital Affiliated to Taishan Medical University, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
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80
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81
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Findlay JA, Hamilton DL, Ashford MLJ. BACE1 activity impairs neuronal glucose oxidation: rescue by beta-hydroxybutyrate and lipoic acid. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:382. [PMID: 26483636 PMCID: PMC4589671 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial function in neurons have been suggested to play early and perhaps causative roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Activity of the aspartic acid protease, beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), responsible for beta amyloid peptide generation, has recently been demonstrated to modify glucose metabolism. We therefore examined, using a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line, whether increased BACE1 activity is responsible for a reduction in cellular glucose metabolism. Overexpression of active BACE1, but not a protease-dead mutant BACE1, protein in SH-SY5Y cells reduced glucose oxidation and the basal oxygen consumption rate, which was associated with a compensatory increase in glycolysis. Increased BACE1 activity had no effect on the mitochondrial electron transfer process but was found to diminish substrate delivery to the mitochondria by inhibition of key mitochondrial decarboxylation reaction enzymes. This BACE1 activity-dependent deficit in glucose oxidation was alleviated by the presence of beta hydroxybutyrate or α-lipoic acid. Consequently our data indicate that raised cellular BACE1 activity drives reduced glucose oxidation in a human neuronal cell line through impairments in the activity of specific tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Because this bioenergetic deficit is recoverable by neutraceutical compounds we suggest that such agents, perhaps in conjunction with BACE1 inhibitors, may be an effective therapeutic strategy in the early-stage management or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Findlay
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee Dundee, UK
| | - David L Hamilton
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee Dundee, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee Dundee, UK
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82
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Ahmadian SS, Rezvanian A, Peterson M, Weintraub S, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Geula C. Loss of calbindin-D28K is associated with the full range of tangle pathology within basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3163-3170. [PMID: 26417681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown that most of the BFCN in the human brain contain the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28K (CB), a large proportion lose their CB in the course of normal aging, and the BFCN which degenerate in AD lack CB. Here, we investigated the relationship between CB in the BFCN and the process of tangle formation in AD using antibodies to tau epitopes that appear early, intermediate or late in the process of tangle formation. Very small percentages (0%-3.7%) of CB-positive BFCN contained pretangles and/or tangles, and very small percentages (0%-5%) of the total BFCN pretangles and/or tangles were in CB-immunoreactive neurons. The number of CB-positive BFCN which contained tau immunoreactivity was highest for the early epitope and lower for intermediate epitopes. A late appearing epitope was absent from CB-positive BFCN. Age-related loss of CB appears to coincide with tangle formation in the BFCN and is associated with the full range of tau pathology, including late appearing epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman S Ahmadian
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Aras Rezvanian
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Melanie Peterson
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Marek-Marsel Mesulam
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Molecular Morphometry, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA.
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that neurological diseases are multi-factorial involving disruptions in multiple cellular systems. Thus, while each disease has its own initiating mechanisms and pathologies, certain common pathways appear to be involved in most, if not all, neurological diseases. Thus, it is unlikely that modulating only a single factor will be effective at either preventing disease development or slowing disease progression. A better approach is to identify small (< 900 daltons) molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. We have identified an orally active, novel neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing molecule, the flavonoid fisetin. Fisetin not only has direct antioxidant activity but it can also increase the intracellular levels of glutathione, the major intracellular antioxidant. Fisetin can also activate key neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits the activity of lipoxygenases, thereby reducing the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and their by-products. This wide range of actions suggests that fisetin has the ability to reduce the impact of age-related neurological diseases on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037,
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84
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Lauzon MA, Daviau A, Marcos B, Faucheux N. Growth factor treatment to overcome Alzheimer's dysfunctional signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1025-38. [PMID: 25744541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages, creating a huge socio-economic burden. The three pathophysiological hallmarks of AD are the cholinergic system dysfunction, the β-amyloid peptide deposition and the Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Current treatments have only transient effects and each tends to concentrate on a single pathophysiological aspect of AD. This review first provides an overall view of AD in terms of its pathophysiological symptoms and signaling dysfunction. We then examine the therapeutic potential of growth factors (GFs) by showing how they can overcome the dysfunctional cell signaling that occurs in AD. Finally, we discuss new alternatives to GFs that help overcome the problem of brain uptake, such as small peptides, with evidence from some of our unpublished data on human neuronal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alex Daviau
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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85
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Baker-Nigh A, Vahedi S, Davis EG, Weintraub S, Bigio EH, Klein WL, Geula C. Neuronal amyloid-β accumulation within cholinergic basal forebrain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2015; 138:1722-37. [PMID: 25732182 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that contribute to selective vulnerability of the magnocellular basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are not fully understood. Because age is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, mechanisms of interest must include age-related alterations in protein expression, cell type-specific markers and pathology. The present study explored the extent and characteristics of intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation, particularly of the fibrillogenic 42-amino acid isoform, within basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in normal young, normal aged and Alzheimer's disease brains as a potential contributor to the selective vulnerability of these neurons using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Amyloid-β1-42 immunoreactivity was observed in the entire cholinergic neuronal population regardless of age or Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. The magnitude of this accumulation as revealed by optical density measures was significantly greater than that in cortical pyramidal neurons, and magnocellular neurons in the globus pallidus did not demonstrate a similar extent of amyloid immunoreactivity. Immunoblot analysis with a panel of amyloid-β antibodies confirmed accumulation of high concentration of amyloid-β in basal forebrain early in adult life. There was no age- or Alzheimer-related alteration in total amyloid-β content within this region. In contrast, an increase in the large molecular weight soluble oligomer species was observed with a highly oligomer-specific antibody in aged and Alzheimer brains when compared with the young. Similarly, intermediate molecular weight oligomeric species displayed an increase in aged and Alzheimer brains when compared with the young using two amyloid-β42 antibodies. Compared to cortical homogenates, small molecular weight oligomeric species were lower and intermediate species were enriched in basal forebrain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Regional and age-related differences in accumulation were not the result of alterations in expression of the amyloid precursor protein, as confirmed by both immunostaining and western blot. Our results demonstrate that intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation is a relatively selective trait of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons early in adult life, and increases in the prevalence of intermediate and large oligomeric assembly states are associated with both ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Selective intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in adult life and oligomerization during the ageing process are potential contributors to the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina Baker-Nigh
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elena Goetz Davis
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - William L Klein
- 2 Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- 1 Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Centre, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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86
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Kilimann I, Grothe M, Heinsen H, Alho EJL, Grinberg L, Amaro E, Dos Santos GAB, da Silva RE, Mitchell AJ, Frisoni GB, Bokde ALW, Fellgiebel A, Filippi M, Hampel H, Klöppel S, Teipel SJ. Subregional basal forebrain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 40:687-700. [PMID: 24503619 DOI: 10.3233/jad-132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest severe and region-specific neurodegeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS). Here, we studied the between-center reliability and diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based BFCS volumetry in a large multicenter data set, including participants with prodromal (n = 41) or clinically manifest AD (n = 134) and 148 cognitively healthy controls. Atrophy was determined using voxel-based and region-of-interest based analyses of high-dimensionally normalized MRI scans using a newly created map of the BFCS based on postmortem in cranio MRI and histology. The AD group showed significant volume reductions of all subregions of the BFCS, which were most pronounced in the posterior nucleus basalis Meynert (NbM). The mild cognitive impairment-AD group showed pronounced volume reductions in the posterior NbM, but preserved volumes of anterior-medial regions. Diagnostic accuracy of posterior NbM volume was superior to hippocampus volume in both groups, despite higher multicenter variability of the BFCS measurements. The data of our study suggest that BFCS morphometry may provide an emerging biomarker in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Joaquim Lopez Alho
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex J Mitchell
- Department of Psycho-oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio, FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Mailand, Italy
| | - Harald Hampel
- Department of Psychiatry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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87
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Liu Z, Li S, Liang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Li F. Targeting β-secretase with RNAi in neural stem cells for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3095-106. [PMID: 25206630 PMCID: PMC4158703 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.33.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several major pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, including apoptosis of cholinergic neurons, overactivity or overexpression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and inflammation. In this study, we synthesized a 19-nt oligonucleotide targeting BACE1, the key enzyme in amyloid beta protein (Aβ) production, and introduced it into the pSilenCircle vector to construct a short hairpin (shRNA) expression plasmid against the BACE1 gene. We transfected this vector into C17.2 neural stem cells and primary neural stem cells, resulting in downregulation of the BACE1 gene, which in turn induced a considerable reduction in reducing Aβ protein production. We anticipate that this technique combining cell transplantation and gene therapy will open up novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease, particularly because it can be used to simultaneously target several pathogenetic changes in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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88
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Kobayashi A, Parker RL, Wright AP, Brahem H, Ku P, Oliver KM, Walz A, Lester HA, Miwa JM. Lynx1 supports neuronal health in the mouse dorsal striatum during aging: an ultrastructural investigation. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:525-36. [PMID: 25027556 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been shown to participate in neuroprotection in the aging brain. Lynx protein modulators dampen the activity of the cholinergic system through direct interaction with nicotinic receptors. Although lynx1 null mutant mice exhibit augmented learning and plasticity, they also exhibit macroscopic vacuolation in the dorsal striatum as they age, detectable at the optical microscope level. Despite the relevance of the lynx1 gene to brain function, little is known about the cellular ultrastructure of these age-related changes. In this study, we assessed degeneration in the dorsal striatum in 1-, 3-, 7-, and 13-month-old mice, using optical and transmission electron microscopy. We observed a loss of nerve fibers, a breakdown in nerve fiber bundles, and a loss of neuronal nuclei in the 13-month-old lynx1 null striatum. At higher magnification, these nerve fibers displayed intracellular vacuoles and disordered myelin sheaths. Few or none of these morphological alterations were present in younger lynx1 null mutant mice or in heterozygous lynx1 null mutant mice at any age. These data indicate that neuronal health can be maintained by titrating lynx1 dosage and that the lynx1 gene may participate in a trade-off between neuroprotection and augmented learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kobayashi
- Biology Division, California Institute of Technology, MC156-29, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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89
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Where attention falls: Increased risk of falls from the converging impact of cortical cholinergic and midbrain dopamine loss on striatal function. Exp Neurol 2014; 257:120-9. [PMID: 24805070 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Falls are a major source of hospitalization, long-term institutionalization, and death in older adults and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Limited attentional resources are a major risk factor for falls. In this review, we specify cognitive-behavioral mechanisms that produce falls and map these mechanisms onto a model of multi-system degeneration. Results from PET studies in PD fallers and findings from a recently developed animal model support the hypothesis that falls result from interactions between loss of basal forebrain cholinergic projections to the cortex and striatal dopamine loss. Striatal dopamine loss produces inefficient, low-vigor gait, posture control, and movement. Cortical cholinergic deafferentation impairs a wide range of attentional processes, including monitoring of gait, posture and complex movements. Cholinergic cell loss reveals the full impact of striatal dopamine loss on motor performance, reflecting loss of compensatory attentional supervision of movement. Dysregulation of dorsomedial striatal circuitry is an essential, albeit not exclusive, mediator of falls in this dual-system model. Because cholinergic neuromodulatory activity influences cortical circuitry primarily via stimulation of α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and because agonists at these receptors are known to benefit attentional processes in animals and humans, treating PD fallers with such agonists, as an adjunct to dopaminergic treatment, is predicted to reduce falls. Falls are an informative behavioral endpoint to study attentional-motor integration by striatal circuitry.
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90
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Jiang S, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Bu G, Xu H, Zhang YW. M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:295-307. [PMID: 24590577 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of cholinergic neurons and cholinergic hypofunction are pathologies associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) mediate acetylcholine-induced neurotransmission and five mAChR subtypes (M1-M5) have been identified. Among them, M1 mAChR is widely expressed in the central nervous system and has been implicated in many physiological and pathological brain functions. In addition, M1 mAChR is postulated to be an important therapeutic target for AD and several other neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we review recent progress in understanding the functional involvement of M1 mAChR in AD pathology and in developing M1 mAChR agonists for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangtong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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91
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Chen SQ, Cai Q, Shen YY, Wang PY, Li MH, Teng GY. Neural stem cell transplantation improves spatial learning and memory via neuronal regeneration in amyloid-β precursor protein/presenilin 1/tau triple transgenic mice. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:142-9. [PMID: 24265106 PMCID: PMC10852951 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513506776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has recently become a main research target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. In the present study, we transplanted NSCs from C57BL/6 mice into the hippocampus in the 12-month-old triple transgenic model of AD (3 × Tg) and determined whether NSC transplantation can alleviate impairments in spatial learning and memory via neuronal regeneration in AD mice. Two months after transplantation, Morris water maze tests suggested that spatial learning and memory in the 3 × Tg mice receiving NSCs was significantly improved compared to 3 × Tg mice not receiving NSCs. Furthermore, quantification of Nissl staining revealed that the number of neurons in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg mice receiving NSCs was significantly greater than that in 3 × Tg mice not receiving NSCs, indicating that new neurons were generated. These results may demonstrate that NSC transplantation can improve spatial learning and memory via neuronal regeneration in amyloid-β precursor protein/presenilin 1/tau 3 × Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qing Chen
- Neuroimaging Research Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Neuroimaging Research Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Shen
- Neuroimaging Research Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yun Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao-Yun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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92
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Theofilas P, Polichiso L, Wang X, Lima LC, Alho ATL, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Pasqualucci CA, Jacob-Filho W, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. A novel approach for integrative studies on neurodegenerative diseases in human brains. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 226:171-183. [PMID: 24503023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite a massive research effort to elucidate Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent decades, effective treatment remains elusive. This failure may relate to an oversimplification of the pathogenic processes underlying AD and also lack of understanding of AD progression during its long latent stages. Although evidence shows that the two specific neuropathological hallmarks in AD (neuronal loss and protein accumulation), which are opposite in nature, do not progress in parallel, the great majority of studies have focused on only one of these aspects. Furthermore, research focusing on single structures is likely to render an incomplete picture of AD pathogenesis because as AD involves complete brain networks, potential compensatory mechanisms within the network may ameliorate impairment of the system to a certain extent. Here, we describe an approach for enabling integrative analysis of the dual-nature lesions, simultaneously, in all components of one of the brain networks most vulnerable to AD. This approach is based on significant development of methods previously described mainly by our group that were optimized and complemented for this study. It combines unbiased stereology with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, making use of advanced graphics computing for three-dimensional (3D) volume reconstructions. Although this study was performed in human brainstem and focused in AD, it may be applied to the study of any neurological disease characterized by dual-nature lesions, in humans and animal models. This approach does not require a high level of investment in new equipment and a significant number of specimens can be processed and analyzed within a funding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Theofilas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Livia Polichiso
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Luzia C Lima
- Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Brasileiro Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627/701, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T L Alho
- Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Brasileiro Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627/701, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1151, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1151, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil.
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93
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Riascos D, Nicholas A, Samaeekia R, Yukhananov R, Mesulam MM, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Guo L, Geula C. Alterations of Ca²⁺-responsive proteins within cholinergic neurons in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1325-33. [PMID: 24461366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. Using basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) as a model and immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated significant age-related loss of the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D(28K) (CB) from BFCN, which was associated with tangle formation and degeneration in AD. Here, we determined alterations in RNA and protein for CB and the Ca(2+)-responsive proteins Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), and calpain in the BF. We observed progressive downregulation of CB and CaMKI RNA in laser-captured BFCN in the normal-aged-AD continuum. We also detected progressive loss of CB, CaMKIδ, and GAP43 proteins in BF homogenates in aging and AD. Activated μ-calpain, a calcium-sensitive protease that degrades CaMKI and GAP43, was significantly increased in the normal aged BF and was 10 times higher in AD BF. Overactivation of μ-calpain was confirmed using proteolytic fragments of its substrate spectrin. Substantial age- and AD-related alterations in Ca(2+)-sensing proteins most likely contribute to selective vulnerability of BFCN to degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riascos
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravand Samaeekia
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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94
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Mesulam MM. Cholinergic circuitry of the human nucleus basalis and its fate in Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:4124-44. [PMID: 23852922 PMCID: PMC4175400 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus basalis is located at the confluence of the limbic and reticular activating systems. It receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, serotonergic input from the raphe nuclei, and noradrenergic input from the nucleus locus coeruleus. Its cholinergic contingent, known as Ch4, provides the principal source of acetylcholine for the cerebral cortex and amygdala. More than half of presynaptic varicosities along its cholinergic axons make traditional synaptic contacts with cortical neurons. Limbic and paralimbic cortices of the brain receive the heaviest cholinergic input from Ch4 and are also the principal sources of reciprocal cortical projections back to the nucleus basalis. This limbic affiliation explains the role of the nucleus basalis in modulating the impact and memorability of incoming sensory information. The anatomical continuity of the nucleus basalis with other basomedial limbic structures may underlie its early and high vulnerability to the tauopathy and neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. The tauopathy in Ch4 eventually leads to the degeneration of the cholinergic axons that it sends to the cerebral cortex. The early involvement of Ch4 has a magnifying effect on Alzheimer's pathology, because neurofibrillary degeneration in a small number of neurons can perturb neurotransmission in all cortical areas. Although the exact contribution of the Ch4 lesion to the cognitive changes of Alzheimer's disease remains poorly understood, the cholinergic circuitry of the nucleus basalis is emerging as one of the most strategically positioned and behaviorally consequential modulatory systems of the human cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:4124-4144, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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96
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Choi JHK, Kaur G, Mazzella MJ, Morales-Corraliza J, Levy E, Mathews PM. Early endosomal abnormalities and cholinergic neuron degeneration in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:691-700. [PMID: 23254640 DOI: 10.3233/jad-122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Early endosomal changes, a prominent pathology in neurons early in Alzheimer's disease, also occur in neurons and peripheral tissues in Down syndrome. While in Down syndrome models increased amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) expression is known to be a necessary contributor on the trisomic background to this early endosomal pathology, increased AβPP alone has yet to be shown to be sufficient to drive early endosomal alterations in neurons. Comparing two AβPP transgenic mouse models, one that contains the AβPP Swedish K670N/M671L double mutation at the β-cleavage site (APP23) and one that has the AβPP London V717I mutation near the γ-cleavage site (APPLd2), we show significantly altered early endosome morphology in fronto-parietal neurons as well as enlargement of early endosomes in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of the medial septal nucleus in the APP23 model, which has the higher levels of AβPP β-C-terminal fragment (βCTF) accumulation. Early endosomal changes correlate with a marked loss of the cholinergic population, which is consistent with the known dependence of the large projection cholinergic cells on endosome-mediated retrograde neurotrophic transport. Our findings support the idea that increased expression of AβPP and AβPP metabolites in neurons is sufficient to drive early endosomal abnormalities in vivo, and that disruption of the endocytic system is likely to contribute to basal forebrain cholinergic vulnerability.
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97
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Bu J, Zu H. Effects of pregnenolone intervention on the cholinergic system and synaptic protein 1 in aged rats. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:117-24. [PMID: 23848990 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.824437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of pregnenolone (PREG) intervention on the cholinergic system function and the synaptic protein 1 (SYP1) expression in different brain regions of aged rats. METHOD Twenty-four-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats intraperitoneally injected every other day for one month were divided into blank control group, solvent control group, PREG (0.5 mg/kg) intervention group and PREG (2.0 mg/kg) intervention group. The rats were sacrificed 2 d after the intervention and the corresponding regions of brain tissue were separated and cryopreserved. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression level of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), SYP1, serum PREG and the activity of ChAT and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different brain regions. In addition, the semiquantitative changes in the expression level of ChAT and SYP1 in frontal lobe and hippocampus were tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULT Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that PREG (2.0 mg/kg) administration led to a significant increase of ChAT and SYP1 expressions in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus regions (p < 0.05). The result of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that PREG (2.0 mg/kg) administration significantly increased ChAT activity and serum PREG levels and caused a decrease in AChE activity (p < 0.05); while PREG (0.5 mg/kg) only elevated levels of serum PREG. CONCLUSION PREG significantly improved the synaptic plasticity of memory-related brain areas of aged rats, significantly increased brain cholinergic activity and thus helps to improve learning and memory in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Bu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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98
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Villa RF, Ferrari F, Gorini A. Functional Proteomics Related to Energy Metabolism of Synaptosomes from Different Neuronal Systems of Rat Hippocampus during Aging. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5422-35. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F. Villa
- Department of Biology and
Biotechnology - Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine
of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Biology and
Biotechnology - Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine
of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Gorini
- Department of Biology and
Biotechnology - Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine
of Central Nervous System, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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99
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Drain of the brain: low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor affords a molecular sink for clearance of cortical amyloid β by the cholinergic modulator system. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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100
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Teipel S, Heinsen H, Amaro E, Grinberg LT, Krause B, Grothe M. Cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy predicts amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:482-91. [PMID: 24176625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We compared accuracy of hippocampus and basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) atrophy to predict cortical amyloid burden in 179 cognitively normal subjects (CN), 269 subjects with early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 136 subjects with late stages of MCI, and 86 subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Hippocampus and BFCS volumes were determined from structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at 3 Tesla, and cortical amyloid load from AV45 (florbetapir) positron emission tomography scans. In receiver operating characteristics analyses, BFCS volume provided significantly more accurate classification into amyloid-negative and -positive categories than hippocampus volume. In contrast, hippocampus volume more accurately identified the diagnostic categories of AD, late and early MCI, and CN compared with whole and anterior BFCS volume, whereas posterior BFCS and hippocampus volumes yielded similar diagnostic accuracy. In logistic regression analysis, hippocampus and posterior BFCS volumes contributed significantly to discriminate MCI and AD from CN, but only BFCS volume predicted amyloid status. Our findings suggest that BFCS atrophy is more closely associated with cortical amyloid burden than hippocampus atrophy in predementia AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rostock, Germany.
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