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Saffert P, Adamla F, Schieweck R, Atkins JF, Ignatova Z. An Expanded CAG Repeat in Huntingtin Causes +1 Frameshifting. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18505-13. [PMID: 27382061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of triplet decoding is crucial for the expression of functional protein because deviations either into the -1 or +1 reading frames are often non-functional. We report here that expression of huntingtin (Htt) exon 1 with expanded CAG repeats, implicated in Huntington pathology, undergoes a sporadic +1 frameshift to generate from the CAG repeat a trans-frame AGC repeat-encoded product. This +1 recoding is exclusively detected in pathological Htt variants, i.e. those with expanded repeats with more than 35 consecutive CAG codons. An atypical +1 shift site, UUC C at the 5' end of CAG repeats, which has some resemblance to the influenza A virus shift site, triggers the +1 frameshifting and is enhanced by the increased propensity of the expanded CAG repeats to form a stem-loop structure. The +1 trans-frame-encoded product can directly influence the aggregation of the parental Htt exon 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Saffert
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frauke Adamla
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rico Schieweck
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - John F Atkins
- the School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany,
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52
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Shutoff of Host Gene Expression in Influenza A Virus and Herpesviruses: Similar Mechanisms and Common Themes. Viruses 2016; 8:102. [PMID: 27092522 PMCID: PMC4848596 DOI: 10.3390/v8040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to shut off host gene expression is a shared feature of many viral infections, and it is thought to promote viral replication by freeing host cell machinery and blocking immune responses. Despite the molecular differences between viruses, an emerging theme in the study of host shutoff is that divergent viruses use similar mechanisms to enact host shutoff. Moreover, even viruses that encode few proteins often have multiple mechanisms to affect host gene expression, and we are only starting to understand how these mechanisms are integrated. In this review we discuss the multiplicity of host shutoff mechanisms used by the orthomyxovirus influenza A virus and members of the alpha- and gamma-herpesvirus subfamilies. We highlight the surprising similarities in their mechanisms of host shutoff and discuss how the different mechanisms they use may play a coordinated role in gene regulation.
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53
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Pathogenicity of Genetically Similar, H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strains in Chicken and the Differences in Sensitivity among Different Chicken Breeds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153649. [PMID: 27078641 PMCID: PMC4841636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the pathogenicity of genetically closely related H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were evaluated in White Leghorn chickens. These viruses varied in the clinical symptoms they induced, including lethality, virus shedding, and replication in host tissues. A comparison of the host responses in the lung, brain, and spleen suggested that the differences in viral replication efficiency were related to the host cytokine response at the early phase of infection, especially variations in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Based on these findings, we inoculated the virus that showed the mildest pathogenicity among the five tested, A/pigeon/Thailand/VSMU-7-NPT/2004, into four breeds of Thai indigenous chicken, Phadu-Hung-Dang (PHD), Chee, Dang, and Luang-Hung-Khao (LHK), to explore effects of genetic background on host response. Among these breeds, Chee, Dang, and LHK showed significantly longer survival times than White Leghorns. Virus shedding from dead Thai indigenous chickens was significantly lower than that from White Leghorns. Although polymorphisms were observed in the Mx and MHC class I genes, there was no significant association between the polymorphisms in these loci and resistance to HPAIV.
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54
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Depierreux D, Vong M, Nibert ML. Nucleotide sequence of Zygosaccharomyces bailii virus Z: Evidence for +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting and for assignment to family Amalgaviridae. Virus Res 2016; 217:115-24. [PMID: 26951859 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zygosaccharomyces bailii virus Z (ZbV-Z) is a monosegmented dsRNA virus that infects the yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii and remains unclassified to date despite its discovery >20years ago. The previously reported nucleotide sequence of ZbV-Z (GenBank AF224490) encompasses two nonoverlapping long ORFs: upstream ORF1 encoding the putative coat protein and downstream ORF2 encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The lack of overlap between these ORFs raises the question of how the downstream ORF is translated. After examining the previous sequence of ZbV-Z, we predicted that it contains at least one sequencing error to explain the nonoverlapping ORFs, and hence we redetermined the nucleotide sequence of ZbV-Z, derived from the same isolate of Z. bailii as previously studied, to address this prediction. The key finding from our new sequence, which includes several insertions, deletions, and substitutions relative to the previous one, is that ORF2 in fact overlaps ORF1 in the +1 frame. Moreover, a proposed sequence motif for +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting, previously noted in influenza A viruses, plant amalgaviruses, and others, is also present in the newly identified ORF1-ORF2 overlap region of ZbV-Z. Phylogenetic analyses provided evidence that ZbV-Z represents a distinct taxon most closely related to plant amalgaviruses (genus Amalgavirus, family Amalgaviridae). We conclude that ZbV-Z is the prototype of a new species, which we propose to assign as type species of a new genus of monosegmented dsRNA mycoviruses in family Amalgaviridae. Comparisons involving other unclassified mycoviruses with RdRps apparently related to those of plant amalgaviruses, and having either mono- or bisegmented dsRNA genomes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Depierreux
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Program in Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Namur, Namur BE 5000, Belgium
| | - Minh Vong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Molecules, Cells and Organisms, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Max L Nibert
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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55
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Wang R, Xiong J, Wang W, Miao W, Liang A. High frequency of +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting in Euplotes octocarinatus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21139. [PMID: 26891713 PMCID: PMC4759687 DOI: 10.1038/srep21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) has been identified as a mechanism to regulate the expression of many viral genes and some cellular genes. The slippery site of -1 PRF has been well characterized, whereas the +1 PRF signal and the mechanism involved in +1 PRF remain poorly understood. Previous study confirmed that +1 PRF is required for the synthesis of protein products in several genes of ciliates from the genus Euplotes. To accurately assess the frequency of genes requiring frameshift in Euplotes, the macronuclear genome and transcriptome of Euplotes octocarinatus were analyzed in this study. A total of 3,700 +1 PRF candidate genes were identified from 32,353 transcripts, and the gene products of these putative +1 PRFs were mainly identified as protein kinases. Furthermore, we reported a putative suppressor tRNA of UAA which may provide new insights into the mechanism of +1 PRF in euplotids. For the first time, our transcriptome-wide survey of +1 PRF in E. octocarinatus provided a dataset which serves as a valuable resource for the future understanding of the mechanism underlying +1 PRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruanlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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56
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Khaperskyy DA, Schmaling S, Larkins-Ford J, McCormick C, Gaglia MM. Selective Degradation of Host RNA Polymerase II Transcripts by Influenza A Virus PA-X Host Shutoff Protein. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005427. [PMID: 26849127 PMCID: PMC4744033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) inhibit host gene expression by a process known as host shutoff. Host shutoff limits host innate immune responses and may also redirect the translation apparatus to the production of viral proteins. Multiple IAV proteins regulate host shutoff, including PA-X, a ribonuclease that remains incompletely characterized. We report that PA-X selectively targets host RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribed mRNAs, while sparing products of Pol I and Pol III. Interestingly, we show that PA-X can also target Pol II-transcribed RNAs in the nucleus, including non-coding RNAs that are not destined to be translated, and reporter transcripts with RNA hairpin structures that block ribosome loading. Transcript degradation likely occurs in the nucleus, as PA-X is enriched in the nucleus and its nuclear localization correlates with reduction in target RNA levels. Complete degradation of host mRNAs following PA-X-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage is dependent on the host 5’->3’-exonuclease Xrn1. IAV mRNAs are structurally similar to host mRNAs, but are synthesized and modified at the 3’ end by the action of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. Infection of cells with wild-type IAV or a recombinant PA-X-deficient virus revealed that IAV mRNAs resist PA-X-mediated degradation during infection. At the same time, loss of PA-X resulted in changes in the synthesis of select viral mRNAs and a decrease in viral protein accumulation. Collectively, these results significantly advance our understanding of IAV host shutoff, and suggest that the PA-X causes selective degradation of host mRNAs by discriminating some aspect of Pol II-dependent RNA biogenesis in the nucleus. All viruses depend on host components to convert viral mRNAs into proteins. Several viruses, including influenza A virus, encode factors that trigger RNA destruction. The influenza A virus factor that serves in this capacity is known as PA-X. PA-X limits accumulation of host mRNAs and proteins in infected cells and suppresses host responses to infection, but to date its precise mechanism of action remains obscure. Here we report that PA-X selectively targets cellular mRNAs, while sparing viral mRNAs, thereby compromising host gene expression and ensuring priority access of viral mRNAs to the protein synthesis machinery. We demonstrate that complete degradation of mRNAs cut by PA-X is dependent on the host factor Xrn1 and that PA-X likely works in the cell’s nuclei. Interestingly, PA-X targeting appears to be selective for products of host RNA polymerase II, and canonical mRNA processing is required for cleavage. Even though viral mRNAs are spared from PA-X-mediated degradation, PA-X-deficient viruses displayed defects in the synthesis of certain viral mRNAs and decreased viral protein accumulation. Thus, PA-X-mediated host shutoff influences the efficiency of viral gene expression. These studies significantly advance our understanding of this important viral host shutoff protein and may provide future opportunities to limit the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys A. Khaperskyy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Summer Schmaling
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonah Larkins-Ford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (CM); (MMG)
| | - Marta M. Gaglia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CM); (MMG)
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57
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Brandon HE, Friedt JR, Glaister GD, Kharey SK, Smith DD, Stinson ZK, Wieden HJ. Introducing a class of standardized and interchangeable parts utilizing programmed ribosomal frameshifts for synthetic biology applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:e1112458. [PMID: 26824028 DOI: 10.1080/21690731.2015.1112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology and the rational design of biological devices depend on the availability of standardized and interchangeable biological parts with diverse range of functions. Reliable access to different reading frames during translation has largely been overlooked as functionality for bioengineering applications. Here we report the construction and initial characterization of the first member of such a class of biological parts that conforms to the BioBrick Standard (RFC25), allowing its interchangeable use in biological devices. Using our standardized frameshifting signal consisting of a UUUAAAG slippery sequence, a 6 nt spacer and an engineered pseudoknot based on the infectious bronchitis virus pseudoknot PK401 embedded in a dual reporter construct, we confirm that the frameshifting activity is comparable to the previously published frequency despite the introduced sequence changes. The frameshifting activity is demonstrated using SDS-PAGE and fluorescence spectroscopy. Standardized programmable ribosomal frameshift parts with specific frameshifting frequencies will be of utility for applications such as double coding DNA sequences by expanding the codable space into the -1 frame. Programmed shifting into the -1 frame to bypass a stop codon allows labeling of a protein pool with a fixed stoichiometry of fusion protein, as well as the construction of multi-enzyme expression constructs with specific expression ratios. A detailed understanding of the structural basis of programmed frameshifting will provide the opportunities to rationally design frameshifting elements with a wide range of applications in synthetic biology, including signals that are regulated by small ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harland E Brandon
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenna R Friedt
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graeme D Glaister
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suneet K Kharey
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin D Smith
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zak K Stinson
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Wieden
- The Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Lethbridge ; Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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58
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Influenza virus polymerase: Functions on host range, inhibition of cellular response to infection and pathogenicity. Virus Res 2015; 209:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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59
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Baranov PV, Atkins JF, Yordanova MM. Augmented genetic decoding: global, local and temporal alterations of decoding processes and codon meaning. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:517-29. [PMID: 26260261 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The non-universality of the genetic code is now widely appreciated. Codes differ between organisms, and certain genes are known to alter the decoding rules in a site-specific manner. Recently discovered examples of decoding plasticity are particularly spectacular. These examples include organisms and organelles with disruptions of triplet continuity during the translation of many genes, viruses that alter the entire genetic code of their hosts and organisms that adjust their genetic code in response to changing environments. In this Review, we outline various modes of alternative genetic decoding and expand existing terminology to accommodate recently discovered manifestations of this seemingly sophisticated phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Atkins
- 1] School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Ireland. [2] Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 N 2030 E Rm. 7410, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5330, USA
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60
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Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV, Shargunov AV, Karpov DS, Uroshlev LA, Melnikova NV, Blinov VM, Poverennaya EV, Archakov AI, Lisitsa AV, Ponomarenko EA. PPLine: An Automated Pipeline for SNP, SAP, and Splice Variant Detection in the Context of Proteogenomics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3729-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Sergeevich Krasnov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111991 Russia
- Orekhovich
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121 Russia
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | | | - Anna Viktorovna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111991 Russia
- Herzen
Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125284 Russia
| | - Alexander Valerievich Shargunov
- Orekhovich
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121 Russia
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - Dmitry Sergeevich Karpov
- Engelhardt
Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111991 Russia
- Orekhovich
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121 Russia
| | | | | | - Vladimir Mikhailovich Blinov
- Orekhovich
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121 Russia
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Valerievich Lisitsa
- Orekhovich
Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121 Russia
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61
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Mapping of a Region of the PA-X Protein of Influenza A Virus That Is Important for Its Shutoff Activity. J Virol 2015; 89:8661-5. [PMID: 26041295 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01132-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus PA-X comprises an N-terminal PA endonuclease domain and a C-terminal PA-X-specific domain. PA-X reduces host and viral mRNA accumulation via its endonuclease function. Here, we found that the N-terminal 15 amino acids, particularly six basic amino acids, in the C-terminal PA-X-specific region are important for PA-X shutoff activity. These six basic amino acids enabled a PA deletion mutant to suppress protein expression at a level comparable to that of wild-type PA-X.
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62
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Firth AE. Mapping overlapping functional elements embedded within the protein-coding regions of RNA viruses. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12425-39. [PMID: 25326325 PMCID: PMC4227794 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the full complement of genes and other functional elements in any virus is crucial to fully understand its molecular biology and guide the development of effective control strategies. RNA viruses have compact multifunctional genomes that frequently contain overlapping genes and non-coding functional elements embedded within protein-coding sequences. Overlapping features often escape detection because it can be difficult to disentangle the multiple roles of the constituent nucleotides via mutational analyses, while high-throughput experimental techniques are often unable to distinguish functional elements from incidental features. However, RNA viruses evolve very rapidly so that, even within a single species, substitutions rapidly accumulate at neutral or near-neutral sites providing great potential for comparative genomics to distinguish the signature of purifying selection. Computationally identified features can then be efficiently targeted for experimental analysis. Here we analyze alignments of protein-coding virus sequences to identify regions where there is a statistically significant reduction in the degree of variability at synonymous sites, a characteristic signature of overlapping functional elements. Having previously tested this technique by experimental verification of discoveries in selected viruses, we now analyze sequence alignments for ∼700 RNA virus species to identify hundreds of such regions, many of which have not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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63
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Zhang T, Jiang Y, Dong W. A novel monopartite dsRNA virus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilaginoidea virens and ancestrally related to a mitochondria-associated dsRNA in the green alga Bryopsis. Virology 2014; 462-463:227-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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64
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Cook S, Chung BYW, Bass D, Moureau G, Tang S, McAlister E, Culverwell CL, Glücksman E, Wang H, Brown TDK, Gould EA, Harbach RE, de Lamballerie X, Firth AE. Novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field RNA samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80720. [PMID: 24260463 PMCID: PMC3832450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether small RNA (sRNA) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (Diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using sRNAs sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total RNA deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. Using this strategy, we sequenced from adult Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chronic bee paralysis virus, and, from a pool of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus mosquitoes, a nearly complete entomobirnavirus genome. We also reconstructed long sequences (1503-6557 nt) related to at least nine other viruses. Crucially, several of the sequences detected were reconstructed from host organisms highly divergent from those in which related viruses have been previously isolated or discovered. It is clear that viral transmission and maintenance cycles in nature are likely to be significantly more complex and taxonomically diverse than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Cook
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SC); (AEF)
| | - Betty Y.-W. Chung
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Moureau
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (Aix-Marseille Univ. IRD French Institute of Research for Development EHESP French School of Public Health), Marseille, France
| | - Shuoya Tang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erica McAlister
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edvard Glücksman
- Department of General Botany, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - T. David K. Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest A. Gould
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (Aix-Marseille Univ. IRD French Institute of Research for Development EHESP French School of Public Health), Marseille, France
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph E. Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (Aix-Marseille Univ. IRD French Institute of Research for Development EHESP French School of Public Health), Marseille, France
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SC); (AEF)
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