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Detection and molecular characterization of bovine leukemia viruses from Jordan. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2343-8. [PMID: 22914962 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is distributed worldwide. BLV has many effects on the health status and productivity of infected animals and is a potential risk for humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of and genotype bovine leukemia viruses on Jordanian dairy farms. Nested PCR coupled with RFLP and direct sequencing of a partial fragment of the env gene were carried out. Two BLV genotypes were found, genotypes 1 and 6. These genotypes were identified by nested PCR-RFLP of 444 bp of the env gene by restriction digestion with HaeIII, Bcl I and Pvu II. However, BLV-Jordan-10 seems to represent an entirely new genotype in our phylogenetic analysis. The nucleotide sequence identity between these two Jordanian BLV genotypes (1 and 6) was 96.2 %. The nucleotide sequence identity between Jordanian BLV genotype 1 and other reference BLV genotype 1 strains ranged from 99 % to 99.5 %. The nucleotide sequence similarity of the Jordanian BLV genotype 6 to other BLV genotypes ranged from 90 % to 96.7 %. A neutralizing motif and CD8(+) T-cell epitope were found in the env protein of both Jordanian isolates. In this study, we documented the presence of two BLV genotypes (1 and 6) on Jordanian dairy farms.
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Ruzina MN, Andrianov BV, Shaikhaev GO, Sulimova GE. Identification and classification of bovine leukemia virus isolates in Russia and ukraine based on the pol viral gene polymorphism. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Erskine RJ, Bartlett PC, Byrem TM, Render CL, Febvay C, Houseman JT. Association between bovine leukemia virus, production, and population age in Michigan dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:727-34. [PMID: 22281337 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the herd-level effect of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection on dairy production, culling, and cow longevity. During routine herd testing, Dairy Herd Improvement Association technicians collected milk samples from about 40 cows from each of 104 randomly selected Michigan dairy herds averaging ≥120 milking cows and 11,686 kg of milk/yr. Milk samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-BLV antibodies by ELISA, and herd- and lactation-specific estimates of BLV prevalence were computed to determine which were the most predictive of herd milk production, culling rate, and cow longevity (proportion of cows in their third or greater lactation). On this basis, the herd BLV index (an unweighted mean BLV prevalence rate for lactation number 1, 2, 3, and ≥4) was selected as the measure of BLV prevalence that was the most highly associated with BLV economic impact. Step-down multivariate analysis was used to determine the extent to which any of 19 herd-level management variables may have confounded the association of BLV index and measures of herd economic impact (milk production and cow longevity). The BLV index was not associated with the 12-mo culling rate, but was negatively associated in the final multivariable model with the proportion of cows that were ≥third lactation, and was negatively associated with herd milk production. In summary, increased prevalence of BLV within Michigan dairy herds was found to be associated with decreased herd milk production and decreased cow longevity. Our results provide evidence that BLV infection is associated with herd-level economic impacts in high-performing dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Erskine
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
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54
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Manrique JM, Calvo AY, Jones LR. Phylogenetic analysis of Ostreococcus virus sequences from the Patagonian Coast. Virus Genes 2012; 45:316-26. [PMID: 22674355 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta M Manrique
- Division of Molecular Biology, Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, CC 15 (9103), Playa Unión, Rawson, Chubut, Argentina
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Fonseca AA, Camargos MF, Sales ML, Heinemann MB, Leite RC, Reis JKP. Pseudorabies virus can be classified into five genotypes using partial sequences of UL44. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:1632-40. [PMID: 24031995 PMCID: PMC3769038 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120004000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR), a disease of great importance due to the huge losses it causes in the swine industry. The aim of this study was to determine a method for genotyping SuHV-1 based on partial sequences of the gene coding for glycoprotein C (gC) and to elucidate the possible reasons for the variability of this region. A total of 109 gCsequences collected from GenBank were divided into five major groups after reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree by Bayesian inference. The analysis showed that a portion of gC (approximately 671 bp) is under selective pressure at various points that coincide with regions of protein disorder. It was also possible to divide SuHV-1 into five genotypes that evolved under different selective pressures. These genotypes are not specific to countries or continents, perhaps due to multiple introduction events related to the importation of swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Pedro Leopoldo, MG , Brasil
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Heenemann K, Lapp S, Teifke JP, Fichtner D, Mettenleiter TC, Vahlenkamp TW. Development of aBovine leukemia viruspolymerase gene–based real-time polymerase chain reaction and comparison with an envelope gene–based assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:649-55. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712447524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Heenemann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Stefanie Lapp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Jens P. Teifke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Dieter Fichtner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
| | - Thomas W. Vahlenkamp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (Heenemann, Lapp, Teifke, Fichtner, Mettenleiter, Vahlenkamp)
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Heenemann, Vahlenkamp)
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57
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Identification of a new genotype of bovine leukemia virus. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1281-90. [PMID: 22488472 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the degree of genetic variability of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) strains circulating in Croatia, 29 isolates from the six largest dairy farms were examined by PCR for a segment of the gp51 env gene, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The nucleotide sequences were compared with other previously characterized BLV strains from different geographical areas, comprising all seven known BLV genotypes. The Croatian sequences showed six to eight nucleotide substitutions: six silent substitutions and two amino acid changes. Four of those substitutions were within epitopes. In comparison to the sequences of other BLV genotypes, our isolates showed the closest relationship to genotype 1 isolates PL-3252 (FJ808585) and AL-148 (FJ808573) from Argentina. The degree of variation between our sequences and those of genotype 1 was 0.2- 4.6 %. In phylogenetic trees based on 400-nt and 519-nt sequences, all of the Croatian sequences clustered separately from the other sequences, revealing a new genotype.
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Using a herd profile to determine age-specific prevalence of bovine leukemia virus in michigan dairy herds. Vet Med Int 2012; 2012:350374. [PMID: 22577607 PMCID: PMC3329709 DOI: 10.1155/2012/350374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis is a contagious disease of cattle caused by the retrovirus, bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and is the most common cause of malignant neoplasm in cattle. In order to facilitate surveillance of this disease in dairy herds, we developed a method to combine ELISA of milk collected during routine production testing with a prescribed sampling of cows that is independent of the proportion of cows within each lactation. In 113 Michigan dairy herds, milk samples from ten cows in each of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and ≥4th lactations were analyzed for anti-Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) antibodies by milk ELISA. For each herd, a BLV herd profile (BHP) was calculated as the simple average of the percent of BLV-positive cows within each of the four lactation groups. The mean BHP for all herds was 32.8%, with means of 18.5, 28.8, 39.2, and 44.8% of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and ≥4th lactation animals infected, respectively. In eight herds, we determined the correlation between the BHP, and true herd prevalence by testing the entire lactating herd (r = 0.988, P < 0.0001). The BHP allows discrimination of lactation-specific BLV prevalence within a dairy herd, to help identify risk factors and management plans that may be important in transmission of BLV.
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Characterisation of env and gag gene fragments of bovine leukemia viruses (BLVs) from cattle in Turkey. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1891-6. [PMID: 21927899 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular characteristics of bovine leukemia viruses (BLVs) in Turkey. The variability of env and gag fragments of BLVs was examined using DNA from blood samples obtained for sequence analysis of BLVs in four cattle herds from three different geographical areas in Turkey. The env gene sequences were highly similar to those of Brasilian, Argentine, and Japanese BLV strains, while gag genes from Turkish BLV isolates showed greatest similarity to those of Iranian isolates. This paper is the first report on the partial characterisation of env and gag genetic fragments of BLVs from Turkey.
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Rodríguez SM, Florins A, Gillet N, de Brogniez A, Sánchez-Alcaraz MT, Boxus M, Boulanger F, Gutiérrez G, Trono K, Alvarez I, Vagnoni L, Willems L. Preventive and therapeutic strategies for bovine leukemia virus: lessons for HTLV. Viruses 2011; 3:1210-48. [PMID: 21994777 PMCID: PMC3185795 DOI: 10.3390/v3071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus closely related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). BLV is a major animal health problem worldwide causing important economic losses. A series of attempts were developed to reduce prevalence, chiefly by eradication of infected cattle, segregation of BLV-free animals and vaccination. Although having been instrumental in regions such as the EU, these strategies were unsuccessful elsewhere mainly due to economic costs, management restrictions and lack of an efficient vaccine. This review, which summarizes the different attempts previously developed to decrease seroprevalence of BLV, may be informative for management of HTLV-1 infection. We also propose a new approach based on competitive infection with virus deletants aiming at reducing proviral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Rodríguez
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Arnaud Florins
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Alix de Brogniez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - María Teresa Sánchez-Alcaraz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mathieu Boxus
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Fanny Boulanger
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Gerónimo Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucas Vagnoni
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, C.C. 1712, Castelar, Argentina; E-Mails: (G.G.); (K.T.); (I.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), 4000, Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.M.R.); (N.G.); (F.B.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULg), 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (A.F.); (A.d.B.); (M.T.S.-A.); (M.B.)
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Inoue E, Matsumura K, Maekawa K, Nagatsuka K, Nobuta M, Hirata M, Minagawa A, Osawa Y, Okazaki K. Genetic heterogeneity among bovine leukemia viruses in Japan and their relationship to leukemogenicity. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1137-41. [PMID: 21387204 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle causes persistent lymphocytosis, and a few percent of infected animals develop lymphoid tumors, namely enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). In this study, a 440-bp fragment of the env gene was amplified from 204 tumor samples collected from different regions of Japan and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine the association of BLV with EBL. Of the seven RFLP types defined, types I, II, and III were dominant and found in 12.7, 75.0, and 8.3% of tumor samples, respectively. Cattle harboring type III virus were significantly older than other animals at the time of diagnosis of EBL. Type III viruses were found in approximately 33% and 5.5% of Japanese Black and Holstein cattle, respectively, with EBL. These findings indicate that genetically distinct BLV was associated with EBL in Japan and that the genetic profile may influence the leukemogenicity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inoue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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Matsumura K, Inoue E, Osawa Y, Okazaki K. Molecular epidemiology of bovine leukemia virus associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Japan. Virus Res 2011; 155:343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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63
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Jimba M, Takeshima SN, Matoba K, Endoh D, Aida Y. BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR: Quantitation of bovine leukemia virus proviral load using the CoCoMo algorithm. Retrovirology 2010; 7:91. [PMID: 21044304 PMCID: PMC2988707 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) and is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by a highly extended course that often involves persistent lymphocytosis and culminates in B-cell lymphomas. BLV provirus remains integrated in cellular genomes, even in the absence of detectable BLV antibodies. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of BLV-induced leukemogenesis and carry out the selection of BLV-infected animals, a detailed evaluation of changes in proviral load throughout the course of disease in BLV-infected cattle is required. The aim of this study was to develop a new quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using Coordination of Common Motifs (CoCoMo) primers to measure the proviral load of known and novel BLV variants in clinical animals. Results Degenerate primers were designed from 52 individual BLV long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences identified from 356 BLV sequences in GenBank using the CoCoMo algorithm, which has been developed specifically for the detection of multiple virus species. Among 72 primer sets from 49 candidate primers, the most specific primer set was selected for detection of BLV LTR by melting curve analysis after real-time PCR amplification. An internal BLV TaqMan probe was used to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of the assay, and a parallel amplification of a single-copy host gene (the bovine leukocyte antigen DRA gene) was used to normalize genomic DNA. The assay is highly specific, sensitive, quantitative and reproducible, and was able to detect BLV in a number of samples that were negative using the previously developed nested PCR assay. The assay was also highly effective in detecting BLV in cattle from a range of international locations. Finally, this assay enabled us to demonstrate that proviral load correlates not only with BLV infection capacity as assessed by syncytium formation, but also with BLV disease progression. Conclusions Using our newly developed BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR assay, we were able to detect a wide range of mutated BLV viruses. CoCoMo algorithm may be a useful tool to design degenerate primers for quantification of proviral load for other retroviruses including HTLV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Jimba
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Moratorio G, Obal G, Dubra A, Correa A, Bianchi S, Buschiazzo A, Cristina J, Pritsch O. Phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia viruses isolated in South America reveals diversification in seven distinct genotypes. Arch Virol 2010; 155:481-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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