51
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Hsu CJ, Kane MR, Winkler K, Wang C, Johnson DL. Experiments on stress dependent borehole acoustic waves. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 130:1799-1809. [PMID: 21973333 DOI: 10.1121/1.3624819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the laboratory setup, a borehole traverses a dry sandstone formation, which is subjected to a controlled uniaxial stress in the direction perpendicular to the borehole axis. Measurements are made in a single loading-unloading stress cycle from zero to 10 MPa and then back down to zero stress. The applied stress and the presence of the borehole induce anisotropy in the bulk of the material and stress concentration around the borehole, both azimuthally and radially. Acoustic waves are generated and detected in the water-filled borehole, including compressional and shear headwaves, as well as modes of monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and higher order azimuthal symmetries. The linear and non-linear elastic parameters of the formation material are independently quantified, and utilized in conjunction with elastic theories to predict the characteristics of various borehole waves at zero and finite stress conditions. For example, an analytic theory is developed which is successfully used to estimate the changes of monopole tube mode at low frequency resulted from uniaxial stress, utilizing the measured material third order elasticity parameters. Comparisons between various measurements as well as that between experiments and theories are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaur-Jian Hsu
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, One Hampshire Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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52
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Lang JM, Gupta YM. Experimental determination of third-order elastic constants of diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:125502. [PMID: 21517323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.125502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To determine the nonlinear elastic response of diamond, single crystals were shock compressed along the [100], [110], and [111] orientations to 120 GPa peak elastic stresses. Particle velocity histories and elastic wave velocities were measured by using laser interferometry. The measured elastic wave profiles were used, in combination with published acoustic measurements, to determine the complete set of third-order elastic constants. These constants represent the first experimental determination, and several differ significantly from those calculated by using theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lang
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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53
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Abstract
AbstractTo implement new process control strategies including Intelligent Processing of Materials, advanced sensors are required to nonintrusively evaluate process and microstructure variables. Researchers increasingly are looking to innovative extensions of traditional nondestructive evaluation technologies, such as ultrasonics, acoustic emission, and eddy current methodologies for this. Here, the nature and characteristics of emerging sensors based upon these new measurement methods are described and examples of their application discussed.
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54
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Nakamura N, Nakashima T, Oura S, Ogi H, Hirao M. Resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy for studying annealing effect on elastic constant of thin film. ULTRASONICS 2010; 50:150-154. [PMID: 19767053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the elastic property of thin films using resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). RUS determines the elastic constants of a solid from its resonance frequencies of free vibration. There were two problems to be solved for applying RUS to thin films: accurate measurement of the resonance frequencies and mode identification of each resonance frequency. We solve these problems using the tripod needle transducers and the laser-Doppler interferometry (LDI). In this paper, we describe the RUS/LDI measurement setup we developed, and show the relationship between the elastic constant and annealing temperature for Cu thin films. Then, we discuss the effects of recrystallization and recovery on the elastic constant referring the X-ray diffraction measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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55
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Karabutov A, Devichensky A, Ivochkin A, Lyamshev M, Pelivanov I, Rohadgi U, Solomatin V, Subudhi M. Laser ultrasonic diagnostics of residual stress. ULTRASONICS 2008; 48:631-635. [PMID: 18762308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic NDE is one of the most promising methods for non-destructive diagnostics of residual stresses. However the relative change of sound velocity, which is directly proportional to applied stress, is extremely small. An initial stress of 100 MPa produces the result of deltaV/V approximately 10(-4). Therefore measurements must be performed with high precision. The required accuracy can be achieved with laser-exited ultrasonic transients. Radiation from a Nd-YAG laser (pulse duration 7 ns, pulse energy 100 microJ) was absorbed by the surface of the sample. The exited ultrasonic transients resembled the form of laser pulses. A specially designed optoacoustic transducer was used both for the excitation and detecting of the ultrasonic pulses. The wide frequency band of the piezodetector made it possible to achieve the time-of-flight measurements with an accuracy of about 0.5 ns. This technique was used for measuring of plane residual stress in welds and for in-depth testing of subsurface residual stresses in metals. Plane stress distribution for welded metallic plates of different thicknesses (2-8 mm) and the subsurface stress distribution for titanium and nickel alloys were obtained. The results of conventional testing are in good agreement with the laser ultrasonic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Karabutov
- International Laser Center of Moscow State University, Vorobevy Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
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56
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Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 2008; 321:385-8. [PMID: 18635798 DOI: 10.1126/science.1157996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6664] [Impact Index Per Article: 416.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We measured the elastic properties and intrinsic breaking strength of free-standing monolayer graphene membranes by nanoindentation in an atomic force microscope. The force-displacement behavior is interpreted within a framework of nonlinear elastic stress-strain response, and yields second- and third-order elastic stiffnesses of 340 newtons per meter (N m(-1)) and -690 Nm(-1), respectively. The breaking strength is 42 N m(-1) and represents the intrinsic strength of a defect-free sheet. These quantities correspond to a Young's modulus of E = 1.0 terapascals, third-order elastic stiffness of D = -2.0 terapascals, and intrinsic strength of sigma(int) = 130 gigapascals for bulk graphite. These experiments establish graphene as the strongest material ever measured, and show that atomically perfect nanoscale materials can be mechanically tested to deformations well beyond the linear regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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57
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Gennisson JL, Rénier M, Catheline S, Barrière C, Bercoff J, Tanter M, Fink M. Acoustoelasticity in soft solids: assessment of the nonlinear shear modulus with the acoustic radiation force. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2007; 122:3211-3219. [PMID: 18247733 DOI: 10.1121/1.2793605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of viscoelastic properties of soft tissues is enjoying a growing interest in the field of medical imaging as pathologies are often correlated with a local change of stiffness. To date, advanced techniques in that field have been concentrating on the estimation of the second order elastic modulus (mu). In this paper, the nonlinear behavior of quasi-incompressible soft solids is investigated using the supersonic shear imaging technique based on the remote generation of polarized plane shear waves in tissues induced by the acoustic radiation force. Applying a theoretical approach of the strain energy in soft solid [Hamilton et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 41-44 (2004)], it is shown that the well-known acoustoelasticity experiment allowing the recovery of higher order elastic moduli can be greatly simplified. Experimentally, it requires measurements of the local speed of polarized plane shear waves in a statically and uniaxially stressed isotropic medium. These shear wave speed estimates are obtained by imaging the shear wave propagation in soft media with an ultrafast echographic scanner. In this situation, the uniaxial static stress induces anisotropy due to the nonlinear effects and results in a change of shear wave speed. Then the third order elastic modulus (A) is measured in agar-gelatin-based phantoms and polyvinyl alcohol based phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Gennisson
- Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique, ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7587, INSERM, Université Paris VII, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
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58
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Ogi H, Fujii M, Nakamura N, Yasui T, Hirao M. Stiffened ultrathin Pt films confirmed by acoustic-phonon resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:195503. [PMID: 17677628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.195503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Resonances of coherent acoustic phonons were excited and detected by femtosecond light pulses for determining the normal elastic constant of ultrathin platinum films. The elastic constant increases with the decrease of the film thickness, exceeds the bulk value at the thickness near 5 nm, and significantly increases at low temperatures. It shows a correlation with the normal lattice distance. Thus, this Letter provides evidence of the stiffness enhancement in ultrathin films caused by lattice anharmonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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59
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Elastic behaviour under pressure of high-T c superconductors RBa2Cu3O7-x (R = Y, Gd and Eu). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/13642818908211172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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60
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Brassington MP, Lambson WA, Miller AJ, Saunders GA, Yogurtçu YK. The second- and third-order elastic constants of amorphous arsenic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01418638008225644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Brassington
- a School of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath , BA2 7AY , England
| | - W. A. Lambson
- a School of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath , BA2 7AY , England
| | - A. J. Miller
- a School of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath , BA2 7AY , England
| | - G. A. Saunders
- a School of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath , BA2 7AY , England
| | - Y. K. Yogurtçu
- a School of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath , BA2 7AY , England
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61
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Landa M, Novák V, Sedlák P, Sittner P. Ultrasonic characterization of Cu-Al-Ni single crystals lattice stability in the vicinity of the phase transition. ULTRASONICS 2004; 42:519-526. [PMID: 15047340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of elastic constants of the austenite phase when approaching the phase transformation either upon cooling or stressing is of the crucial interest for the shape memory alloy field. Acoustic properties (wave velocity and also attenuation changes) of the Cu-Al-Ni single crystal were investigated in situ during stress-induced martensitic transformation at constant (room) temperature. The parent austenite cubic lattice of the Cu-Al-Ni exhibits very high elastic anisotropy (anisotropy factor A approximately 12). The measurements were made using nine combinations of (i) applied uniaxial compression in a given crystal direction, (ii) the wave propagation and (iii) polarization vectors. The chosen configurations are sufficient for evaluation of all independent third order elastic constants (TOEC). The longitudinal modes were also measured by the immersion technique, using the transducer pair in a water tank installed on the testing machine. The device works as "a ultrasonic extensometer" measuring a transverse strain of the specimen. The dependencies of both natural and initial wave velocities on the applied stress may be evaluated. Three elastic constants of the stress-induced martensite were determined. The elastic properties were found to vary with the increasing stress above the Ms transformation temperature, which is interpreted as a precursor for the martensitic transformation. The onset of the transformation was additionally identified from the acoustic emission measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Landa
- Institute of Thermomechanics, Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic.
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62
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63
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64
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Drabble JR, Strathen REB. The third-order elastic constants of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and lithium fluoride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0370-1328/92/4/333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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65
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66
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67
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Katahara KW, Manghnani MH, Fisher ES. Pressure derivatives of the elastic moduli of BCC Ti-V-Cr, Nb-Mo and Ta-W alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/9/5/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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68
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69
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Hailing T, Saunders GA, Pelzl J, Wruk N. Acoustic-mode vibrational anharmonicity near the soft-optic-mode transition of cubic K2SnCl6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/17/29/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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70
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Verlinden B, Delaey L. Elastic constants and lattice stability of beta -Cu-Zn-Al alloys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/16/10/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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71
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72
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Abstract
Orthorhombic,
α
-sulphur comprises S
8
rings strongly bound by covalent, intramolecular forces but held together by much weaker intermolecular bonds. To examine the vibrational anharmonicity of the long-wavelength acoustic modes in a molecular crystal of this type, the effects of hydrostatic and uniaxial pressures upon the velocities of ultrasonic modes propagated in a single crystal of orthorhombic sulphur have been measured. From the experimental results at room temperature 19 of 20 third-order elastic constants and also the hydrostatic pressure derivatives of the 9 second-order elastic constants have been obtained. The elastic stiffnesses and their hydrostatic pressure derivatives have also been calculated from an intermolecular potential of the 6-exp variety. Good agreement between the results obtained from this lattice dynamical calculation and the ultrasonic experiments establishes that the potential model provides a reasonable description of the elastic behaviour of this molecular crystal. The compression estimated from the Murnaghan equation of state agrees well with that estimated theoretically from the lattice dynamic calculations. The Debye temperature determined from the ultrasonic-wave velocities is 187.5 ± 2 K. Ultrasonic-wave velocities are linear up to about 100°C; the crystals do not undergo the transition to a monoclinic (β) phase which can take place at 95°C. There is no indication of softening of the long-wavelength acoustic phonon modes. Vibrational anharmonicity is discussed in terms of the long-wavelength acoustic-mode Grüneisen parameters obtained from the generalized Grüneisen theory in the quasiharmonic approximation. The mean high-temperature long-wavelength acoustic-mode Grüneisen parameter
γ̄
el
H
(= 2.72) is much larger than the room-temperature thermal Grüneisen parameter
γ
th
(=0.54). In this molecular crystal the intermolecular volume is much more compressible than the intramolecular volume; the mode Grüneisen parameters for purely internal vibrational modes are small, whereas those for the external modes are large. At room temperature all phonon modes contribute so that
γ
th
is made small by the small internal-mode contributions. In contrast, the weak, strongly pressure dependent intermolecular forces dominate the zone-centre acoustic modes and lead to a large mean Grüneisen parameter
γ̄
el
H
.
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73
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General Discussion. Faraday Discuss 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/fd107351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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74
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Gonzàlez-Comas A, Mañosa L. Third-order elastic constants of bcc Cu-Al-Ni. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6007-6010. [PMID: 9986593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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75
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Cankurtaran M, Saunders GA, Sidek HA, Wang Q, Alberts HL. High-pressure ultrasonic study of the Cr-0.3 at.% Ru single-crystal alloy in the commensurate spin-density-wave phase and through the Néel point. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:11408-11417. [PMID: 9982758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.11408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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76
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Saunders GA, Metcalfe RD, Cutroni M, Federico M, Piccolo A. Elastic and anelastic properties, vibrational anharmonicity, and fractal bond connectivity of superionic glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:5287-5300. [PMID: 9984134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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77
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Johnson PA, Rasolofosaon PNJ. Nonlinear elasticity and stress-induced anisotropy in rock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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Wang Q, Saunders GA, Almond DP, Cankurtaran M, Goretta KC. Elastic and nonlinear acoustic properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x ceramics with different oxygen contents. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:3711-3726. [PMID: 9981499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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79
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Saunders GA, Chang F, Li J, Wang Q, Cankurtaran M, Lambson EF, Ford PJ, Almond DP. Anisotropy of the elastic and nonlinear acoustic properties of dense textured Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:9862-9873. [PMID: 10009786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.9862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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80
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Hebbache M. Elastic phase transition in germanium and silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6522-6527. [PMID: 10009369 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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81
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Saunders GA, Senin HB, Sidek HA, Pelzl J. Third-order elastic constants, vibrational anharmonicity, and the Invar behavior of the Fe72Pt28 alloy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15801-15806. [PMID: 10008135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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82
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Shapiro SM, Svensson EC, Vettier C, Hennion B. Uniaxial-stress dependence of the phonon behavior in the premartensitic phase of Ni62.5Al37.5. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:13223-13229. [PMID: 10007712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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83
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Saunders GA, Cankurtaran M, Ray P, Pelzl J, Bach H. Ultrasonic study of the temperature and pressure dependences of the elastic properties of a Mn78Pt22-alloy single crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:3216-3223. [PMID: 10008746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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84
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Cankurtaran M, Saunders GA, Ray P, Wang Q, Kawald U, Pelzl J, Bach H. Relationship of the elastic and nonlinear acoustic properties of the antiferromagnetic fcc Fe60Mn40 single-crystal alloy to Invar behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:3161-3170. [PMID: 10006398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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85
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Cankurtaran M, Saunders GA, Goretta KC, Poeppel RB. Ultrasonic determination of the elastic properties and their pressure and temperature dependences in very dense YBa2Cu3O7-x. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:1157-1165. [PMID: 10003305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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86
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Wang Q, Saunders GA, Lambson EF, Tschaufeser P, Parker SC, James BJ. Temperature dependence of the acoustic-mode vibrational anharmonicity of quartz from 243 to 393 K. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:10242-10254. [PMID: 10000927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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87
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Fanggao C, Cankurtaran M, Saunders GA, Al-Kheffaji A, Almond DP, Ford PJ, Ladds DA. Ultrasonic evidence of strong vibrational anharmonicity in high-Tc superconductors and its effect on determination of their elastic properties. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 43:5526-5537. [PMID: 9997951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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88
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Anastassakis E, Cantarero A, Cardona M. Piezo-Raman measurements and anharmonic parameters in silicon and diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:7529-7535. [PMID: 9993044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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89
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Dokmeci MC. Shell theory for vibrations of piezoceramics under a bias. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1990; 37:369-385. [PMID: 18285054 DOI: 10.1109/58.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A consistent derivation of the shell theory in invariant form for the dynamic fields superimposed on a static bias of piezoceramics is discussed. The fundamental equations of piezoelectric media under a static bias are expressed by the Euler-Lagrange equations of a unified variational principle. The variational principle is deduced from the principle of virtual work by augmenting it through Friedrich's transformation. A set of two-dimensional (2-D), approximate equations of thin elastic piezoceramics is systematically derived by means of the variational principle together with a linear representation of field variables in the thickness coordinate. The 2-D electroelastic equations accounting for the influence of mechanical biasing stress accommodate all the types of incremental motions of a polarized ceramic shell coated with very thin electrodes. Emphasis is placed on the special motions, geometry, and material of the piezoceramic shell. The uniqueness of the solutions to the linearized electroelastic equations of the piezoceramic shell is established by the sufficient boundary and initial conditions.
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90
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Cankurtaran M, Saunders GA, Willis JR, Al-Kheffaji A, Almond DP. Bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of YBa2Cu3O7-x. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:2872-2875. [PMID: 9948566 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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91
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Heyman JS. NDE in aerospace-requirements for science, sensors and sense. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 1989; 36:581-586. [PMID: 18290237 DOI: 10.1109/58.39107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of modern NDE (nondestructive evaluation) arises from four main factors: quantitative measurement, science, physical models for computational analysis, realistic interfacing with engineering decisions, and direct access to management priorities. Recent advances in the four factors of NDE are addressed. Physical models of acoustic propagation are presented that have led to the development of measurement technologies advancing the ability to assure that materials and structures will perform a design. In addition, a brief discussion is given of current research for future mission needs such as smart structures that sense their own health. Such advances permit projects to integrate design for inspection into their plans, bringing NDE into engineering and management priorities. The measurement focus is on ultrasonics with generous case examples. Problem solutions highlighted include critical stress in fasteners, residual stress in steel, NDE laminography, and solid rocket motor NDE.
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92
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Cao W, Barsch GR. Elastic constants of KMnF3 as functions of temperature and pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:7947-7958. [PMID: 9945541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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93
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El-Mallawany RA, Saunders GA. Elastic properties of binary, ternary and quaternary rare earth tellurite glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00723790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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94
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95
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Thakur KP, Ahmad S. Third-order elastic constants and energy convexity of deformed cubic crystals under different choices of strain measures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:10658-10663. [PMID: 9944519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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96
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Sidek HA, Saunders GA, Wang H, Xu B, Han J. Elastic behavior under hydrostatic pressure and acoustic-mode vibrational anharmonicity of single-crystal berlinite. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:7612-7619. [PMID: 9942534 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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97
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Nielsen OH. Optical phonons and elasticity of diamond at megabar stresses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:5808-5819. [PMID: 9940422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.5808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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98
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Al-Mummar IJ, Saunders GA. Acoustic symmetry and vibrational anharmonicity of rhombohedral Pb5Ge3O11 and Pb4.7Ba0.3Ge3O11. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1986; 34:4304-4315. [PMID: 9940201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.34.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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99
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100
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Nielsen OH, Martin RM. Stresses in semiconductors: Ab initio calculations on Si, Ge, and GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1985; 32:3792-3805. [PMID: 9937529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.32.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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