51
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Matthiesen C, Stanley MJ, Hugues M, Clarke E, Atatüre M. Full counting statistics of quantum dot resonance fluorescence. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4911. [PMID: 24810097 PMCID: PMC4015027 DOI: 10.1038/srep04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic energy levels and optical transitions of a semiconductor quantum dot are subject to dynamics within the solid-state environment. In particular, fluctuating electric fields due to nearby charge traps or other quantum dots shift the transition frequencies via the Stark effect. The environment dynamics are mapped directly onto the fluorescence under resonant excitation and diminish the prospects of quantum dots as sources of indistinguishable photons in optical quantum computing. Here, we present an analysis of resonance fluorescence fluctuations based on photon counting statistics which captures the underlying time-averaged electric field fluctuations of the local environment. The measurement protocol avoids dynamic feedback on the electric environment and the dynamics of the quantum dot's nuclear spin bath by virtue of its resonant nature and by keeping experimental control parameters such as excitation frequency and external fields constant throughout. The method introduced here is experimentally undemanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Matthiesen
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Megan J. Stanley
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maxime Hugues
- CNRS-CRHEA, rue Bernard Grégory, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
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52
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Sbierski B, Hanl M, Weichselbaum A, Türeci HE, Goldstein M, Glazman LI, von Delft J, Imamoğlu A. Proposed Rabi-Kondo correlated state in a laser-driven semiconductor quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:157402. [PMID: 24160628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.157402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spin exchange between a single-electron charged quantum dot and itinerant electrons leads to an emergence of Kondo correlations. When the quantum dot is driven resonantly by weak laser light, the resulting emission spectrum allows for a direct probe of these correlations. In the opposite limit of vanishing exchange interaction and strong laser drive, the quantum dot exhibits coherent oscillations between the single-spin and optically excited states. Here, we show that the interplay between strong exchange and nonperturbative laser coupling leads to the formation of a new nonequilibrium quantum-correlated state, characterized by the emergence of a laser-induced secondary spin screening cloud, and examine the implications for the emission spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sbierski
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland and Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Institut für Theoretische Physik, FU Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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53
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Monniello L, Tonin C, Hostein R, Lemaitre A, Martinez A, Voliotis V, Grousson R. Excitation-induced dephasing in a resonantly driven InAs/GaAs quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:026403. [PMID: 23889424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.026403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on coherent emission of the neutral exciton state in a single semiconductor self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide, under resonant picosecond pulsed excitation. Direct measurements of the radiative lifetime and coherence time are performed as a function of excitation power and temperature. The characteristic damping of Rabi oscillations observed is attributed to an excitation-induced dephasing due to a resonant coupling between the emitter and the acoustic phonon bath of the matrix. Other sources responsible for the decrease of the coherence time have been evidenced, in particular an enhancement of the radiative recombination rate due to the resonant strong coupling between the dot and the one-dimensional optical mode. As a consequence, the emission couples very efficiently into the waveguide mode, leading to an additional relaxation term of the excited-state population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Monniello
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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54
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Kuhlmann AV, Houel J, Brunner D, Ludwig A, Reuter D, Wieck AD, Warburton RJ. A dark-field microscope for background-free detection of resonance fluorescence from single semiconductor quantum dots operating in a set-and-forget mode. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:073905. [PMID: 23902082 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Optically active quantum dots, for instance self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots, are potentially excellent single photon sources. The fidelity of the single photons is much improved using resonant rather than non-resonant excitation. With resonant excitation, the challenge is to distinguish between resonance fluorescence and scattered laser light. We have met this challenge by creating a polarization-based dark-field microscope to measure the resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot at low temperature. We achieve a suppression of the scattered laser exceeding a factor of 10(7) and background-free detection of resonance fluorescence. The same optical setup operates over the entire quantum dot emission range (920-980 nm) and also in high magnetic fields. The major development is the outstanding long-term stability: once the dark-field point has been established, the microscope operates for days without alignment. The mechanical and optical designs of the microscope are presented, as well as exemplary resonance fluorescence spectroscopy results on individual quantum dots to underline the microscope's excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Kuhlmann
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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55
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McCutcheon DPS, Nazir A. Model of the optical emission of a driven semiconductor quantum dot: phonon-enhanced coherent scattering and off-resonant sideband narrowing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:217401. [PMID: 23745930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behavior results from thermalization of the dot with respect to the phonon bath and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara P S McCutcheon
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, Conicet, Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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56
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Matthiesen C, Geller M, Schulte CHH, Le Gall C, Hansom J, Li Z, Hugues M, Clarke E, Atatüre M. Phase-locked indistinguishable photons with synthesized waveforms from a solid-state source. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1600. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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57
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He YM, He Y, Wei YJ, Wu D, Atatüre M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Kamp M, Lu CY, Pan JW. On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:213-217. [PMID: 23377455 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information, including a scalable solid-state platform, ultrabrightness and interconnectivity with matter qubits. A key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid-state networks is a high level of efficiency and indistinguishability. Pulsed resonance fluorescence has been anticipated as the optimum condition for the deterministic generation of high-quality photons with vanishing effects of dephasing. Here, we generate pulsed single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3 ps laser pulses. The π pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence photons have less than 0.3% background contribution and a vanishing two-photon emission probability. Non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two successively emitted photons is observed with a visibility of 0.97(2), comparable to trapped atoms and ions. Two single photons are further used to implement a high-fidelity quantum controlled-NOT gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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58
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Ulhaq A, Weiler S, Roy C, Ulrich SM, Jetter M, Hughes S, Michler P. Detuning-dependent Mollow triplet of a coherently-driven single quantum dot. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4382-4395. [PMID: 23481972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present both experimental and theoretical investigations of a laser-driven quantum dot (QD) in the dressed-state regime of resonance fluorescence. We explore the role of phonon scattering and pure dephasing on the detuning-dependence of the Mollow triplet and show that the triplet sidebands may spectrally broaden or narrow with increasing detuning. Based on a polaron master equation approach, which includes electron-phonon interaction nonperturbatively, we derive a fully analytical expression for the spectrum. With respect to detuning dependence, we identify a crossover between the regimes of spectral sideband narrowing or broadening. We also predict regimes of phonon-induced squeezing and anti-squeezing of the spectral resonances. A comparison of the theoretical predictions to detailed experimental studies on the laser detuning-dependence of Mollow triplet resonance emission from single In(Ga)As QDs reveals excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ulhaq
- Institut fur Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflachen, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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59
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Ramírez HY. Double dressing and manipulation of the photonic density of states in nanostructured qubits. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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60
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Metcalfe M, Solomon GS, Lawall J. Heterodyne measurement of resonant elastic scattering from epitaxial quantum dots. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 102:10.1063/1.4809594. [PMID: 36575685 PMCID: PMC9791983 DOI: 10.1063/1.4809594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonant elastic scattering from InAs quantum dots (QDs) is studied by heterodyne spectroscopy. We show theoretically that heterodyne spectroscopy of a two-level quantum emitter is not sensitive to the inelastic fluorescence component. In practice, we easily measure the elastic emission even when the fluorescence is dominated by inelastic scattering. We are able to distinguish the resonant elastic fluorescence from a large background of scattered pump light by modulating the QD transition frequency with a surface acoustic wave. The signal linewidth is 250 Hz, limited by vibration-induced phase noise in the optical fibers used for resonant optical drive and fluorescence collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Metcalfe
- The Joint Quantum Institute, 2207 Computer and Space Sciences Bldg., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Glenn S Solomon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- The Joint Quantum Institute, 2207 Computer and Space Sciences Bldg., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - John Lawall
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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61
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Konthasinghe K, Peiris M, Yu Y, Li MF, He JF, Wang LJ, Ni HQ, Niu ZC, Shih CK, Muller A. Field-field and photon-photon correlations of light scattered by two remote two-level InAs quantum dots on the same substrate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:267402. [PMID: 23368617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.267402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of field-field and photon-photon correlations of light scattered by two InAs quantum dots separated by ≈40 μm. Near 4 K a large fraction of photons can be scattered coherently by each quantum dot leading to one-photon interference at a beam splitter (visibility ≈20%). Simultaneously, two-photon interference is also observed (visibility ≈40%) due to the indistinguishability of photons scattered by the two different quantum emitters. We show how spectral diffusion accounts for the reduction in interference visibility through variations in photon flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Konthasinghe
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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62
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Magneto-optical properties of trions in non-blinking charged nanocrystals reveal an acoustic phonon bottleneck. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1287. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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63
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Buckley S, Rivoire K, Vučković J. Engineered quantum dot single-photon sources. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:126503. [PMID: 23144123 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/12/126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fast, high efficiency and low error single-photon sources are required for the implementation of a number of quantum information processing applications. The fastest triggered single-photon sources to date have been demonstrated using epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), which can be conveniently integrated with optical microcavities. Recent advances in QD technology, including demonstrations of high temperature and telecommunications wavelength single-photon emission, have made QD single-photon sources more practical. Here we discuss the applications of single-photon sources and their various requirements, before reviewing the progress made on a QD platform in meeting these requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Buckley
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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