51
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Blume R, Niehus H, Conrad H, Böttcher A, Aballe L, Gregoratti L, Barinov A, Kiskinova M. Identification of Subsurface Oxygen Species Created during Oxidation of Ru(0001). J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14052-8. [PMID: 16852764 DOI: 10.1021/jp044175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation states formed during low-temperature oxidation (T < 500 K) of a Ru(0001) surface are identified with photoelectron spectromicroscopy and thermal desorption (TD) spectroscopy. Adsorption and consecutive incorporation of oxygen are studied following the distinct chemical shifts of the Ru 3d(5/2) core levels of the two topmost Ru layers. The evolution of the Ru 3d(5/2) spectra with oxygen exposure at 475 K and the corresponding O2 desorption spectra reveal that about 2 ML of oxygen incorporate into the subsurface region, residing between the first and second Ru layer. Our results suggest that the subsurface oxygen binds to the first and second layer Ru atoms, yielding a metastable surface "oxide", which represents the oxidation state of an atomically well ordered Ru(0001) surface under low-temperature oxidation conditions. Accumulation of more than 3 ML of oxygen is possible via defect-promoted penetration below the second layer when the initial Ru(0001) surface is disordered. Despite its higher capacity for oxygen accumulation, also the disordered Ru surface does not show features characteristic for the crystalline RuO2 islands. Development of lateral heterogeneity in the oxygen concentration is evidenced by the Ru 3d(5/2) images and microspot spectra after the onset of oxygen incorporation, which becomes very pronounced when the oxidation is carried out at T > 550 K. This is attributed to facilitated O incorporation and oxide nucleation in microregions with a high density of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Blume
- Institut für Physik der Humboldt-Universität, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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52
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Stampfl C. Surface processes and phase transitions from ab initio atomistic thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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53
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Corriol C, Calleja F, Arnau A, Hinarejos J, Vázquez de Parga A, Hofer W, Miranda R. Role of surface geometry and electronic structure in STM images of O/Ru(0001). Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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54
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Blume R, Niehus H, Conrad H, Böttcher A. Surface-Defect-Mediated Channel for Oxygen Incorporation into Ru(0001). J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Blume
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Niehus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Conrad
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14165 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Böttcher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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55
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Kostov KL, Widdra W, Menzel D. Vibrational Properties and Lateral Interactions of the (2×2)-(O+CO) Coadsorbate Layer on Ru(001). J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Kostov
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Widdra
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D. Menzel
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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56
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Blume R, Niehus H, Conrad H, Böttcher A. Oxide-free oxygen incorporation into Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2004; 120:3871-9. [PMID: 15268553 DOI: 10.1063/1.1643724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A smooth Ru(0001) surface prepared under ultra-high vacuum conditions has been loaded with oxygen under high-pressure (p approximately 1 bar) and low-temperature (T < 600 K) conditions. Oxygen phases created in this way have been investigated by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The exposure procedures applied lead to oxygen incorporation into the subsurface region without creation of RuO2 domains. For oxygen exposures ranging from 10(11) to 10(14) L oxygen contents up to about 4 monolayer equivalent could be achieved. The oxygen incorporation is thermally activated. The CO oxidation reaction conducted at mild temperatures (T < 500 K) at a sample loaded with subsurface oxygen reaches CO --> CO2 conversion probabilities of 10(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Blume
- Institut für Physik der Humboldt-Universität, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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57
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Jin J, Lin W, Christensen P. In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of the oxidation of CO adsorbates on Ru(0001) electrodes under open circuit conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Carbon monoxide oxidation on bare and Pt-modified and Ru(0001) single crystal electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Todorova M, Li WX, Ganduglia-Pirovano MV, Stampfl C, Reuter K, Scheffler M. Role of subsurface oxygen in oxide formation at transition metal surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:096103. [PMID: 12190418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.096103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a density-functional theory trend study addressing the incorporation of oxygen into the basal plane of the late 4d transition metals (TMs) from Ru to Ag. Occupation of subsurface sites is always connected with a significant distortion of the host lattice, rendering it initially less favorable than on-surface chemisorption. Penetration starts only after a critical coverage theta(c), which is lower for the softer metals towards the right of the TM series. The computed theta(c) are found to be very similar to those above which the bulk oxide phase becomes thermodynamically more stable, thus suggesting that the initial incorporation of O actuates the formation of a surface oxide on TM surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Todorova
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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60
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61
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62
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Abstract
The powerful computational resources available to scientists today, together with recent improvements in electronic structure calculation algorithms, are providing important new tools for researchers in the fields of surface science and catalysis. In this review, we discuss first principles calculations that are now capable of providing qualitative and, in many cases, quantitative insights into surface chemistry. The calculations can aid in the establishment of chemisorption trends across the transition metals, in the characterization of reaction pathways on individual metals, and in the design of novel catalysts. First principles studies provide an excellent fundamental complement to experimental investigations of the above phenomena and can often allow the elucidation of important mechanistic details that would be difficult, if not impossible, to determine from experiments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Greeley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; e-mail:
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63
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64
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Abstract
Information about the elementary processes underlying heterogeneous catalysis may be obtained by investigating well-defined single crystal surfaces. The success of this "surface science" approach for "'real" catalysis can be demonstrated, for example, with ammonia synthesis. The progress of catalytic reactions can be observed on an atomic scale by applying scanning tunneling microscopy and other surface physical techniques, as is shown with different examples in this paper: CO oxidation on a Pt(111) surface proceeds preferentially along the boundaries between adsorbed O and CO patches. Ru is practically inactive for the same reaction under lower pressure conditions but is transformed into RuO2 under atmospheric pressure conditions, where part of the surface Ru atoms function as coordinatively unsaturated sites (cus). In contrast, in the hydrogen oxidation reaction on Pt(111), an autocatalytic reaction step comes into prominence, and is responsible for the formation of propagating concentration patterns on the surface as a characteristic of nonlinear dynamics. Additionally, the limits of the concept of thermal equilibrium in surface rate processes are explored by applying ultrafast (femtosecond) laser techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
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65
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Reuter K, Stampfl C, Verónica Ganduglia-Pirovano M, Scheffler M. Atomistic description of oxide formation on metal surfaces: the example of ruthenium. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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66
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Jakob P, Gsell M, Menzel D. Interactions of adsorbates with locally strained substrate lattices. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1369161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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67
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Liu ZP, Hu P, Alavi A. Mechanism for the high reactivity of CO oxidation on a ruthenium–oxide. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1353584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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68
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Kim YD, Seitsonen AP, Wendt S, Wang J, Fan C, Jacobi K, Over H, Ertl G. Characterization of Various Oxygen Species on an Oxide Surface: RuO2(110). J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. D. Kim
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. P. Seitsonen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Wendt
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Fan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Jacobi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Over
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Ertl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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69
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Wang JX, Marinković NS, Zajonz H, Ocko BM, Adžić RR. In Situ X-Ray Reflectivity and Voltammetry Study of Ru(0001) Surface Oxidation in Electrolyte Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0041757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. X. Wang
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Building 555, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N. S. Marinković
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Building 555, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H. Zajonz
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Building 555, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - B. M. Ocko
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Building 555, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R. R. Adžić
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Energy Sciences and Technology Department, Building 555, and Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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70
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Marinković N, Wang J, Zajonz H, Adžić R. Adsorption of bisulfate on the Ru(0001) single crystal electrode surface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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71
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Kim YD, Schwegmann S, Seitsonen AP, Over H. Epitaxial Growth of RuO2(100) on Ru(101̄0): Surface Structure and Other Properties. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003650y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. D. Kim
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwegmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. P. Seitsonen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Over
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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72
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Etching technique for ruthenium with a high etch rate and high selectivity using ozone gas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1415517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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73
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Lin WF, Christensen PA, Hamnett A. In Situ FTIR Studies of the Effect of Temperature on the Adsorption and Electrooxidation of CO at the Ru(0001) Electrode Surface. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. F. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - P. A. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - A. Hamnett
- Department of Chemistry, Bedson Building, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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74
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Lin WF, Christensen PA, Hamnett A, Zei MS, Ertl G. The Electro-Oxidation of CO at the Ru(0001) Single-Crystal Electrode Surface. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000936u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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75
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Zhang CJ, Hu P, Alavi A. A density functional theory study of CO oxidation on Ru(0001) at low coverage. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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76
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Lin WF, Zei MS, Kim YD, Over H, Ertl G. Electrochemical versus Gas-Phase Oxidation of Ru Single-Crystal Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. F. Lin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. S. Zei
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. D. Kim
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Over
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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77
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Böttcher A, Conrad H, Niehus H. Characterization of oxygen phases created during oxidation of Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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78
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Over H, Kim YD, Seitsonen AP, Wendt S, Lundgren E, Schmid M, Varga P, Morgante A, Ertl G. Atomic-scale structure and catalytic reactivity of the RuO(2)(110) surface. Science 2000; 287:1474-6. [PMID: 10688793 DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5457.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The structure of RuO(2)(110) and the mechanism for catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on this surface were studied by low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density-functional calculations. The RuO(2)(110) surface exposes bridging oxygen atoms and ruthenium atoms not capped by oxygen. The latter act as coordinatively unsaturated sites-a hypothesis introduced long ago to account for the catalytic activity of oxide surfaces-onto which carbon monoxide can chemisorb and from where it can react with neighboring lattice-oxygen to carbon dioxide. Under steady-state conditions, the consumed lattice-oxygen is continuously restored by oxygen uptake from the gas phase. The results provide atomic-scale verification of a general mechanism originally proposed by Mars and van Krevelen in 1954 and are likely to be of general relevance for the mechanism of catalytic reactions at oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Over
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Unita di Roma, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita La Sapienz
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79
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Gibson KD, Viste M, Sanchez E, Sibener SJ. Physical and chemical properties of high density atomic oxygen overlayers under ultrahigh vacuum conditions: (1×1)-O/Rh(111). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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80
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Diekhöner L, Baurichter A, Mortensen H, Luntz AC. Observation of metastable atomic nitrogen adsorbed on Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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81
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Hammer B, Nørskov J. Theoretical surface science and catalysis—calculations and concepts. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(02)45013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1242] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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82
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83
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Bonn M, Funk S, Hess C, Denzler DN, Stampfl C, Scheffler M, Wolf M, Ertl G. Phonon- versus electron-mediated desorption and oxidation of CO on Ru(0001). Science 1999; 285:1042-5. [PMID: 10446045 DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5430.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Heating of a ruthenium surface on which carbon monoxide and atomic oxygen are coadsorbed leads exclusively to desorption of carbon monoxide. In contrast, excitation with femtosecond infrared laser pulses enables also the formation of carbon dioxide. The desorption is caused by coupling of the adsorbate to the phonon bath of the ruthenium substrate, whereas the oxidation reaction is initiated by hot substrate electrons, as evidenced by the observed subpicosecond reaction dynamics and density functional calculations. The presence of this laser-induced reaction pathway allows elucidation of the microscopic mechanism and the dynamics of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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84
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85
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86
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Gibson KD, Viste M, Sanchez EC, Sibener SJ. High density adsorbed oxygen on Rh(111) and enhanced routes to metallic oxidation using atomic oxygen. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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87
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88
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Eichler A, Hafner J. Adsorption of CO on Rh(100) studied by ab initio local-density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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89
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Döll R, Hammer L, Heinz K, Bedürftig K, Muschiol U, Christmann K, Seitsonen AP, Bludau H, Over H. Anomalous hydrogen adsorption sites found for the c(2×2)-3H phases formed on the Re(101̄0) and Ru(101̄0) surfaces. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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90
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Trost J, Brune H, Wintterlin J, Behm RJ, Ertl G. Interaction of oxygen with Al(111) at elevated temperatures. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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91
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Böttcher A, Niehus H, Schwegmann S, Over H, Ertl G. CO Oxidation Reaction over Oxygen-Rich Ru(0001) Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9726899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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