51
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Yan D, Yadav SR, Paterlini A, Nicolas WJ, Petit JD, Brocard L, Belevich I, Grison MS, Vaten A, Karami L, El-Showk S, Lee JY, Murawska GM, Mortimer J, Knoblauch M, Jokitalo E, Markham JE, Bayer EM, Helariutta Y. Sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates plasmodesmal ultrastructure and phloem unloading. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:604-615. [PMID: 31182845 PMCID: PMC6565433 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During phloem unloading, multiple cell-to-cell transport events move organic substances to the root meristem. Although the primary unloading event from the sieve elements to the phloem pole pericycle has been characterized to some extent, little is known about post-sieve element unloading. Here, we report a novel gene, PHLOEM UNLOADING MODULATOR (PLM), in the absence of which plasmodesmata-mediated symplastic transport through the phloem pole pericycle-endodermis interface is specifically enhanced. Increased unloading is attributable to a defect in the formation of the endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethers during plasmodesmal morphogenesis, resulting in the majority of pores lacking a visible cytoplasmic sleeve. PLM encodes a putative enzyme required for the biosynthesis of sphingolipids with very-long-chain fatty acid. Taken together, our results indicate that post-sieve element unloading involves sphingolipid metabolism, which affects plasmodesmal ultrastructure. They also raise the question of how and why plasmodesmata with no cytoplasmic sleeve facilitate molecular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Andrea Paterlini
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William J Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jules D Petit
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, TERRA Research Centre, GX ABT, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Bordeaux Imaging Centre, Plant Imaging Platform, UMS 3420, INRA-CNRS-INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magali S Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Anne Vaten
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leila Karami
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sedeer El-Showk
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Gosia M Murawska
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Mortimer
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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52
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Sechet J, Htwe S, Urbanowicz B, Agyeman A, Feng W, Ishikawa T, Colomes M, Kumar KS, Kawai‐Yamada M, Dinneny JR, O'Neill MA, Mortimer JC. Suppression of Arabidopsis GGLT1 affects growth by reducing the L-galactose content and borate cross-linking of rhamnogalacturonan-II. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1036-1050. [PMID: 30203879 PMCID: PMC6263843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron is a micronutrient that is required for the normal growth and development of vascular plants, but its precise functions remain a subject of debate. One established role for boron is in the cell wall where it forms a diester cross-link between two monomers of the low-abundance pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). The inability of RG-II to properly assemble into a dimer results in the formation of cell walls with abnormal biochemical and biomechanical properties and has a severe impact on plant productivity. Here we describe the effects on RG-II structure and cross-linking and on the growth of plants in which the expression of a GDP-sugar transporter (GONST3/GGLT1) has been reduced. In the GGLT1-silenced plants the amount of L-galactose in side-chain A of RG-II is reduced by up to 50%. This leads to a reduction in the extent of RG-II cross-linking in the cell walls as well as a reduction in the stability of the dimer in the presence of calcium chelators. The silenced plants have a dwarf phenotype, which is rescued by growth in the presence of increased amounts of boric acid. Similar to the mur1 mutant, which also disrupts RG-II cross-linking, GGLT1-silenced plants display a loss of cell wall integrity under salt stress. We conclude that GGLT1 is probably the primary Golgi GDP-L-galactose transporter, and provides GDP-L-galactose for RG-II biosynthesis. We propose that the L-galactose residue is critical for RG-II dimerization and for the stability of the borate cross-link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sechet
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Present address:
INRAVersailles78000France
| | - Soe Htwe
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Breeanna Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Abigail Agyeman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Present address:
School of PharmacySouth UniversitySavannahGA31406USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institute for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338‐8570Japan
| | - Marianne Colomes
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Present address:
NutribioParis75440France
| | - Kavitha Satish Kumar
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Maki Kawai‐Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitama338‐8570Japan
| | - José R. Dinneny
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institute for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Malcolm A. O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Jenny C. Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy InstituteEmeryvilleCA94608USA
- Biosciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
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53
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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54
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Ali U, Li H, Wang X, Guo L. Emerging Roles of Sphingolipid Signaling in Plant Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1328-1343. [PMID: 30336328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant sphingolipids are not only structural components of the plasma membrane and other endomembrane systems but also act as signaling molecules during biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the roles of sphingolipids in plant signal transduction in response to environmental cues are yet to be investigated in detail. In this review, we discuss the signaling roles of sphingolipid metabolites with a focus on plant sphingolipids. We also mention some microbial sphingolipids that initiate signals during their interaction with plants, because of the limited literatures on their plant analogs. The equilibrium of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated sphingolipid species determine the destiny of plant cells, whereas molecular connections among the enzymes responsible for this equilibrium in a coordinated signaling network are poorly understood. A mechanistic link between the phytohormone-sphingolipid interplay has also not yet been fully understood and many key participants involved in this complex interaction operating under stress conditions await to be identified. Future research is needed to fill these gaps and to better understand the signal pathways of plant sphingolipids and their interplay with other signals in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hehuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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55
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Ebert B, Rautengarten C, McFarlane HE, Rupasinghe T, Zeng W, Ford K, Scheller HV, Bacic A, Roessner U, Persson S, Heazlewood JL. A Golgi UDP-GlcNAc transporter delivers substrates for N-linked glycans and sphingolipids. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:792-801. [PMID: 30224661 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation requires activated glycosyl donors in the form of nucleotide sugars to drive processes such as post-translational protein modifications and glycolipid and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Most of these reactions occur in the Golgi, requiring cytosolic-derived nucleotide sugars, which need to be actively transferred into the Golgi lumen by nucleotide sugar transporters. We identified a Golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana with affinity for UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and assigned it UDP-GlcNAc transporter 1 (UGNT1). Profiles of N-glycopeptides revealed that plants carrying the ugnt1 loss-of-function allele are virtually devoid of complex and hybrid N-glycans. Instead, the N-glycopeptide population from these alleles exhibited high-mannose structures, representing structures prior to the addition of the first GlcNAc in the Golgi. Concomitantly, sphingolipid profiling revealed that the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-containing glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) is also reliant on this transporter. By contrast, plants carrying the loss-of-function alleles affecting ROCK1, which has been reported to transport UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, exhibit no changes in N-glycan or GIPC profiles. Our findings reveal that plants contain a single UDP-GlcNAc transporter that delivers an essential substrate for the maturation of N-glycans and the GIPC class of sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Ebert
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Ford
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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56
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Ishikawa T, Fang L, Rennie EA, Sechet J, Yan J, Jing B, Moore W, Cahoon EB, Scheller HV, Kawai-Yamada M, Mortimer JC. GLUCOSAMINE INOSITOLPHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE TRANSFERASE1 (GINT1) Is a GlcNAc-Containing Glycosylinositol Phosphorylceramide Glycosyltransferase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:938-952. [PMID: 29760197 PMCID: PMC6053017 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), which have a ceramide core linked to a glycan headgroup of varying structures, are the major sphingolipids in the plant plasma membrane. Recently, we identified the major biosynthetic genes for GIPC glycosylation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and demonstrated that the glycan headgroup is essential for plant viability. However, the function of GIPCs and the significance of their structural variation are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase GLUCOSAMINE INOSITOLPHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE TRANSFERASE1 (GINT1) and showed that it is responsible for the glycosylation of a subgroup of GIPCs found in seeds and pollen that contain GlcNAc and GlcN [collectively GlcN(Ac)]. In Arabidopsis gint1 plants, loss of the GlcN(Ac) GIPCs did not affect vegetative growth, although seed germination was less sensitive to abiotic stress than in wild-type plants. However, in rice, where GlcN(Ac) containing GIPCs are the major GIPC subgroup in vegetative tissue, loss of GINT1 was seedling lethal. Furthermore, we could produce, de novo, "rice-like" GlcN(Ac) GIPCs in Arabidopsis leaves, which allowed us to test the function of different sugars in the GIPC headgroup. This study describes a monocot GIPC biosynthetic enzyme and shows that its Arabidopsis homolog has the same biochemical function. We also identify a possible role for GIPCs in maintaining cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Lin Fang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Emilie A Rennie
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Julien Sechet
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jingwei Yan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Beibei Jing
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William Moore
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608
- Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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57
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Lenarčič T, Albert I, Böhm H, Hodnik V, Pirc K, Zavec AB, Podobnik M, Pahovnik D, Žagar E, Pruitt R, Greimel P, Yamaji-Hasegawa A, Kobayashi T, Zienkiewicz A, Gömann J, Mortimer JC, Fang L, Mamode-Cassim A, Deleu M, Lins L, Oecking C, Feussner I, Mongrand S, Anderluh G, Nürnberger T. Eudicot plant-specific sphingolipids determine host selectivity of microbial NLP cytolysins. Science 2018; 358:1431-1434. [PMID: 29242345 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like (NLP) proteins constitute a superfamily of proteins produced by plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Many NLPs are cytotoxins that facilitate microbial infection of eudicot, but not of monocot plants. Here, we report glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids as NLP toxin receptors. Plant mutants with altered GIPC composition were more resistant to NLP toxins. Binding studies and x-ray crystallography showed that NLPs form complexes with terminal monomeric hexose moieties of GIPCs that result in conformational changes within the toxin. Insensitivity to NLP cytolysins of monocot plants may be explained by the length of the GIPC head group and the architecture of the NLP sugar-binding site. We unveil early steps in NLP cytolysin action that determine plant clade-specific toxin selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lenarčič
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabell Albert
- Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Böhm
- Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Pirc
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija B Zavec
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rory Pruitt
- Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Greimel
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaji-Hasegawa
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,UMR 7213 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Gömann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adiilah Mamode-Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Claudia Oecking
- Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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