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German CR, Casciotti KA, Dutay JC, Heimbürger LE, Jenkins WJ, Measures CI, Mills RA, Obata H, Schlitzer R, Tagliabue A, Turner DR, Whitby H. Hydrothermal impacts on trace element and isotope ocean biogeochemistry. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0035. [PMID: 29035265 PMCID: PMC5069535 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal activity occurs in all ocean basins, releasing high concentrations of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) into the oceans. Importantly, the calculated rate of entrainment of the entire ocean volume through turbulently mixing buoyant hydrothermal plumes is so vigorous as to be comparable to that of deep-ocean thermohaline circulation. Consequently, biogeochemical processes active within deep-ocean hydrothermal plumes have long been known to have the potential to impact global-scale biogeochemical cycles. More recently, new results from GEOTRACES have revealed that plumes rich in dissolved Fe, an important micronutrient that is limiting to productivity in some areas, are widespread above mid-ocean ridges and extend out into the deep-ocean interior. While Fe is only one element among the full suite of TEIs of interest to GEOTRACES, these preliminary results are important because they illustrate how inputs from seafloor venting might impact the global biogeochemical budgets of many other TEIs. To determine the global impact of seafloor venting, however, requires two key questions to be addressed: (i) What processes are active close to vent sites that regulate the initial high-temperature hydrothermal fluxes for the full suite of TEIs that are dispersed through non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes? (ii) How do those processes vary, globally, in response to changing geologic settings at the seafloor and/or the geochemistry of the overlying ocean water? In this paper, we review key findings from recent work in this realm, highlight a series of key hypotheses arising from that research and propose a series of new GEOTRACES modelling, section and process studies that could be implemented, nationally and internationally, to address these issues.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R German
- Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - K A Casciotti
- School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J-C Dutay
- SCE, IPSL/CEA, UVSQ, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - L E Heimbürger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - W J Jenkins
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - C I Measures
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - R A Mills
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - H Obata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - R Schlitzer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar- and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - D R Turner
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Whitby
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
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Dalmasso C, Oger P, Selva G, Courtine D, L’Haridon S, Garlaschelli A, Roussel E, Miyazaki J, Reveillaud J, Jebbar M, Takai K, Maignien L, Alain K. Thermococcus piezophilus sp. nov., a novel hyperthermophilic and piezophilic archaeon with a broad pressure range for growth, isolated from a deepest hydrothermal vent at the Mid-Cayman Rise. Syst Appl Microbiol 2016; 39:440-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Hyperthermophilic and Piezophilic Archeon Thermococcus piezophilus CDGST, Able To Grow under Extreme Hydrostatic Pressures. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00610-16. [PMID: 27417831 PMCID: PMC4945791 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00610-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the genome sequence of Thermococcus superprofundus strain CDGST, a new piezophilic and hyperthermophilic member of the order Thermococcales isolated from the world’s deepest hydrothermal vents, at the Mid-Cayman Rise. The genome is consistent with a heterotrophic, anaerobic, and piezophilic lifestyle.
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Patra AK, Yu Z. Effects of Adaptation of In vitro Rumen Culture to Garlic Oil, Nitrate, and Saponin and Their Combinations on Methanogenesis, Fermentation, and Abundances and Diversity of Microbial Populations. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1434. [PMID: 26733975 PMCID: PMC4686681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of garlic oil (0.25 g/L), nitrate (5 mM), and quillaja saponin (0.6 g/L), alone and in binary or ternary combinations, on methanogenesis, rumen fermentation, and abundances of select microbial populations using in vitro rumen cultures. Potential adaptation to these compounds was also examined by repeated transfers of the cultures on alternate days until day 18. All treatments except saponin alone significantly decreased methanogenesis. Ternary combinations of garlic oil, nitrate, and saponin additively/synergistically suppressed methane production by 65% at day 2 and by 40% at day 18. Feed digestion was not adversely affected by any of the treatments at day 2, but was decreased by the combinations (binary and ternary) of garlic oil with the other inhibitors at days 10 and 18. Saponin, alone or in combinations, and garlic oil alone lowered ammonia concentration at day 2, while nitrate increased ammonia concentration at days 10 and 18. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was decreased by garlic oil alone or garlic oil-saponin combination. Molar proportions of acetate and propionate were affected to different extents by the different treatments. The abundances of methanogens were similar among treatments at day 2; however, garlic oil and its combination with saponin and/or nitrate at day 10 and all treatments except saponin at day 18 significantly decreased the abundances of methanogens. All the inhibitors, either alone or in combinations, did not adversely affect the abundances of total bacteria or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. However, at day 18 the abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus were lowered in the presence of garlic oil and saponin, respectively. The results suggest that garlic oil-nitrate-saponin combination (at the doses used in this study) can effectively decreases methanogenesis in the rumen, but its efficacy may decrease while inhibition to feed digestion can increase over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K Patra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery SciencesKolkata, India
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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