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Li LM, Liu ZX, Cheng QY. Exosome plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152468. [PMID: 31171380 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant cancers around the world. However, the early biomarkers for its detection and treatment are limited currently. Exosomes, classified as intercellular messenger shuttling their cargoes between cells, regulate cell differentiation and tissue development. They contain messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), proteins, lipids and transcription factors. Therefore, exosomes play a crucial role in the development of HCC. In this review, we highlight the exosomal cargoes which could serve as biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of HCC. Exosomes are involved in metastases of HCC and they show great potential in immunotherapy and drug resistance mechanism. In summary, exosome suggests new clues in clinical application of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Man Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhen-Xian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Kurahashi R, Kadomatsu T, Baba M, Hara C, Itoh H, Miyata K, Endo M, Morinaga J, Terada K, Araki K, Eto M, Schmidt LS, Kamba T, Linehan WM, Oike Y. MicroRNA-204-5p: A novel candidate urinary biomarker of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1897-1908. [PMID: 31006167 PMCID: PMC6549932 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11 tRCC) is a rare sporadic pediatric kidney cancer caused by constitutively active TFE3 fusion proteins. Tumors in patients with Xp11 tRCC tend to recur and undergo frequent metastasis, in part due to lack of methods available to detect early‐stage disease. Here we generated transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing the human PRCC‐TFE3 fusion gene in renal tubular epithelial cells, as an Xp11 tRCC mouse model. At 20 weeks of age, mice showed no histological abnormalities in kidney but by 40 weeks showed Xp11 tRCC development and related morphological and histological changes. MicroRNA (miR)‐204‐5p levels in urinary exosomes of 40‐week‐old Tg mice showing tRCC were significantly elevated compared with levels in control mice. MicroRNA‐204‐5p expression also significantly increased in primary renal cell carcinoma cell lines established both from Tg mouse tumors and from tumor tissue from 2 Xp11 tRCC patients. All of these lines secreted miR‐204‐5p‐containing exosomes. Notably, we also observed increased miR‐204‐5p levels in urinary exosomes in 20‐week‐old renal PRCC‐TFE3 Tg mice prior to tRCC development, and those levels were equivalent to those in 40‐week‐old Tg mice, suggesting that miR‐204‐5p increases follow expression of constitutively active TFE3 fusion proteins in renal tubular epithelial cells prior to overt tRCC development. Finally, we confirmed that miR‐204‐5p expression significantly increases in noncancerous human kidney cells after overexpression of a PRCC‐TFE3 fusion gene. These findings suggest that miR‐204‐5p in urinary exosomes could be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of patients with Xp11 tRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Kurahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Itoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Clinical Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.,Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
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