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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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IL-10 and ARG-1 concentrations in bone marrow and peripheral blood of metastatic neuroblastoma patients do not associate with clinical outcome. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:718975. [PMID: 25961062 PMCID: PMC4417583 DOI: 10.1155/2015/718975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the immunosuppressive molecules IL-10 and arginase 1 (ARG-1), and of FOXP3 and CD163, as markers of regulatory T cells (Treg) and macrophages, respectively, was evaluated in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples collected at diagnosis from patients with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). IL-10 and ARG-1 plasma concentrations were measured and the association of each parameter with patients' outcome was tested. The percentages of immunosuppressive Treg and type-1 regulatory (Tr1) cells were also determined. In both BM and PB samples, IL-10 mRNA expression was higher in metastatic NB patients than in controls. IL-10 plasma concentration was higher in patients with NB regardless of stage. Neither IL-10 expression nor IL-10 plasma concentration significantly associated with patient survival. In PB samples from metastatic NB patients, ARG-1 and CD163 expression was higher than in controls but their expression did not associate with survival. Moreover, ARG-1 plasma concentration was lower than in controls, and no association with patient outcome was found. Finally, in metastatic NB patients, the percentage of circulating Treg was higher than in controls, whereas that of Tr1 cells was lower. In conclusion, although IL-10 concentration and Treg percentage were increased, their contribution to the natural history of metastatic NB appears uncertain.
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Naganawa K, Takayama E, Adachi M, Mitsudo K, Iida M, Kamiya-Mizuno M, Kawaki H, Ichinose M, Motohashi M, Muramatsu Y, Tohnai I, Sumitomo SI, Shikimori M, Kondoh N. Producing Capabilities of Interferon-gamma and Interleukin-10 in Peripheral Blood from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Open Dent J 2015; 9:120-4. [PMID: 25893021 PMCID: PMC4397950 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the Th1 and Th2 responses of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients, we investigated the cytokine producing capability of peripheral blood (PB), and compared it with clinicopathological appearances of OSCC patients. The production of a Th1-type cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PB correlated positively with the frequency of lymph node metastasis. We also investigated the production of a Th2-type cytokine, IL-10, however, no significant correlation was observed with the clinicopathological appearances. Our results suggested that the IFN-γ producing capability was specifically regulated and dependent on the regional metastatic potencies of OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Naganawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Makoto Adachi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan ; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masako Kamiya-Mizuno
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Harumi Kawaki
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Masayuki Motohashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Yasunori Muramatsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Iwai Tohnai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Sumitomo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Michio Shikimori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi 1851-1, Mizuho-shi, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
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Zhang B, Gao Z, Sun M, Li H, Fan H, Chen D, Zheng J. Prognostic significance of VEGF-C, semaphorin 3F, and neuropilin-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and their relationship with lymphangiogenesis. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:382-8. [PMID: 25475162 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical Science College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Zhongxiuzi Gao
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical Science College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical Science College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical Science College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Anatomy; Basic Medical Science College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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