51
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Kolan SS, Li G, Wik JA, Malachin G, Guo S, Kolan P, Skålhegg BS. Cellular metabolism dictates T cell effector function in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12956. [PMID: 32767795 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy person, metabolically quiescent T lymphocytes (T cells) circulate between lymph nodes and peripheral tissues in search of antigens. Upon infection, some T cells will encounter cognate antigens followed by proliferation and clonal expansion in a context-dependent manner, to become effector T cells. These events are accompanied by changes in cellular metabolism, known as metabolic reprogramming. The magnitude and variation of metabolic reprogramming are, in addition to antigens, dependent on factors such as nutrients and oxygen to ensure host survival during various diseases. Herein, we describe how metabolic programmes define T cell subset identity and effector functions. In addition, we will discuss how metabolic programs can be modulated and affect T cell activity in health and disease using cancer and autoimmunity as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant S Kolan
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas A Wik
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshopitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulia Malachin
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuai Guo
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pratibha Kolan
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn S Skålhegg
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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52
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Park C, Na KJ, Choi H, Ock CY, Ha S, Kim M, Park S, Keam B, Kim TM, Paeng JC, Park IK, Kang CH, Kim DW, Cheon GJ, Kang KW, Kim YT, Heo DS. Tumor immune profiles noninvasively estimated by FDG PET with deep learning correlate with immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10838-10848. [PMID: 32929383 PMCID: PMC7482798 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The clinical application of biomarkers reflecting tumor immune microenvironment is hurdled by the invasiveness of obtaining tissues despite its importance in immunotherapy. We developed a deep learning-based biomarker which noninvasively estimates a tumor immune profile with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: A deep learning model to predict cytolytic activity score (CytAct) using semi-automatically segmented tumors on FDG-PET trained by a publicly available dataset paired with tissue RNA sequencing (n = 93). This model was validated in two independent cohorts of LUAD: SNUH (n = 43) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 16). The model was applied to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) cohort, which consists of patients with metastatic LUAD who underwent ICB treatment (n = 29). Results: The predicted CytAct showed a positive correlation with CytAct of RNA sequencing in validation cohorts (Spearman rho = 0.32, p = 0.04 in SNUH cohort; spearman rho = 0.47, p = 0.07 in TCGA cohort). In ICB cohort, the higher predicted CytAct of individual lesion was associated with more decrement in tumor size after ICB treatment (Spearman rho = -0.54, p < 0.001). Higher minimum predicted CytAct in each patient associated with significantly prolonged progression free survival and overall survival (Hazard ratio 0.25, p = 0.001 and 0.18, p = 0.004, respectively). In patients with multiple lesions, ICB responders had significantly lower variance of predicted CytActs (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The deep learning model that predicts CytAct using FDG-PET of LUAD was validated in independent cohorts. Our approach may be used to noninvasively assess an immune profile and predict outcomes of LUAD patients treated with ICB.
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53
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Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Immunometabolism and Precision Nutrition in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071757. [PMID: 32630618 PMCID: PMC7409312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the cancer immunotherapy field is the need to biologically rationalize and broaden the clinical utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The balance between metabolism and immune response has critical implications for overcoming the major weaknesses of ICIs, including their lack of universality and durability. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in understanding how the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells requires the conspicuous metabolic specialization of T-cells. We have learned that cancer cell-associated metabolic activities trigger shifts in the abundance of some metabolites with immunosuppressory roles in the tumor microenvironment. Yet very little is known about the tumor cell-intrinsic metabolic traits that control the immune checkpoint contexture in cancer cells. Likewise, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how systemic metabolic perturbations in response to dietary interventions can reprogram the immune checkpoint landscape of tumor cells. We here review state-of-the-art molecular- and functional-level interrogation approaches to uncover how cell-autonomous metabolic traits and diet-mediated changes in nutrient availability and utilization might delineate new cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic dependencies of tumor immunogenicity. We propose that clinical monitoring and in-depth molecular evaluation of the cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic traits involved in primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy can provide the basis for improvements in therapeutic responses to ICIs. Overall, these approaches might guide the use of metabolic therapeutics and dietary approaches as novel strategies to broaden the spectrum of cancer patients and indications that can be effectively treated with ICI-based cancer immunotherapy.
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54
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Scherwitzl I, Opp S, Hurtado AM, Pampeno C, Loomis C, Kannan K, Yu M, Meruelo D. Sindbis Virus with Anti-OX40 Overcomes the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Low-Immunogenic Tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:431-447. [PMID: 32478167 PMCID: PMC7251545 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable responses to cancer immunotherapy in a subset of patients, many patients remain resistant to therapies. It is now clear that elevated levels of tumor-infiltrating T cells as well as a systemic anti-tumor immune response are requirements for successful immunotherapies. However, the tumor microenvironment imposes an additional resistance mechanism to immunotherapy. We have developed a practical and improved strategy for cancer immunotherapy using an oncolytic virus and anti-OX40. This strategy takes advantage of a preexisting T cell immune repertoire in vivo, removing the need to know about present tumor antigens. We have shown in this study that the replication-deficient oncolytic Sindbis virus vector expressing interleukin-12 (IL-12) (SV.IL12) activates immune-mediated tumor killing by inducing OX40 expression on CD4 T cells, allowing the full potential of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibody. The combination of SV.IL12 with anti-OX40 markedly changes the transcriptome signature and metabolic program of T cells, driving the development of highly activated terminally differentiated effector T cells. These metabolically reprogrammed T cells demonstrate enhanced tumor infiltration capacity as well as anti-tumor activity capable of overcoming the repressive tumor microenvironment. Our findings identify SV.IL12 in combination with anti-OX40 to be a novel and potent therapeutic strategy that can cure multiple types of low-immunogenic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Scherwitzl
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvana Opp
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minjun Yu
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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55
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Fest J, Ruiter R, Mulder M, Groot Koerkamp B, Ikram MA, Stricker BH, van Eijck CH. The systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with an increased risk of incident cancer-A population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:692-698. [PMID: 30924141 PMCID: PMC6916270 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies found that the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic factor for mortality in patients with solid tumors. It is unknown whether an increased SII in generally healthy individuals reflects a risk for developing cancer. Our objective was to investigate the association between the SII and incident cancers in a prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from the Rotterdam Study; a population-based study of individuals aged ≥45 years, between 2002 and 2013. The SII at baseline was calculated from absolute blood counts. The association between the SII and the risk of any solid incident cancer during follow-up was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Individuals with a prior cancer diagnosis were excluded. Data of 8,024 individuals were included in the analyses. The mean age at baseline was 65.6 years (SD 10.5 years) and the majority were women. During a maximum follow-up period of 10.7 years, 733 individuals were diagnosed with cancer. A higher SII at baseline was associated with a 30% higher risk of developing a solid cancer (HR of 1.30 [95% CI; 1.11-1.53]), after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, BMI and type 2 diabetes. The absolute cumulative 10-year cancer risk increased from 9.7% in the lowest quartile of SII to 14.7% in the highest quartile (p-value = 0.009). The risk of developing cancer was persistent over time and increased for individuals with the longest follow-up. In conclusion, a high SII is a strong and independent risk indicator for developing a solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Fest
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rikje Ruiter
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marlies Mulder
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Bruno H. Stricker
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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56
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Capece D, Verzella D, Di Francesco B, Alesse E, Franzoso G, Zazzeroni F. NF-κB and mitochondria cross paths in cancer: mitochondrial metabolism and beyond. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:118-128. [PMID: 31132468 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB plays a pivotal role in oncogenesis. This transcription factor is best known for promoting cancer cell survival and tumour-driving inflammation. However, several lines of evidence support a crucial role for NF-κB in governing energy homeostasis and mediating cancer metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria are central players in many metabolic processes altered in cancer. Beyond their bioenergetic activity, several facets of mitochondria biology, including mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress, promote and sustain malignant transformation. Recent reports revealed an intimate connection between NF-κB pathway and the oncogenic mitochondrial functions. NF-κB can impact mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial dynamics, and, reciprocally, mitochondria can sense stress signals and convert them into cell biological responses leading to NF-κB activation. In this review we discuss their emerging reciprocal regulation and the significance of this interplay for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Capece
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
| | - Barbara Di Francesco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Abstract
AbstractImmunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, is becoming a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the response rate remains limited due to the heterogeneity of HCC samples. Molecular subtypes of HCC vary in genomic background, clinical features, and prognosis. This study aims to compare the immune profiles between HCC subtypes and find subtype-specific immune characteristics that might contribute to the prognosis and potential of immunotherapy. The immune profiles consist of immune-related genes, cytolytic
activity, immune pathways, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. HCC-c1 samples showed an overall higher activation level of immune genes and pathways, and this pattern was consistent in validation sets. We associated the difference in immune profiles with the activation level of cancer hallmarks and genomic mutations. There was a negative correlation between most of the metabolism pathway
and immune-related pathways in HCC samples. CTNNB1/WNT signaling pathway mutation, one of the common mutations in HCC, appears to be associated with the expression of immune genes as well. These results reveal the difference of immune profiles between HCC subtypes and possible reasons and influence, which may also deepen our understanding of the carcinogenesis process.
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58
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Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Cortada E, Brunet J, Lopez-Bonet E, Martin-Castillo B, Bosch-Barrera J, Encinar JA, Menendez JA. Resveratrol targets PD-L1 glycosylation and dimerization to enhance antitumor T-cell immunity. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8-34. [PMID: 31901900 PMCID: PMC6977679 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to block the immune evasion activity of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are urgently needed. When exploring the PD-L1-targeted effects of mechanistically diverse metabolism-targeting drugs, exposure to the dietary polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) revealed its differential capacity to generate a distinct PD-L1 electrophoretic migration pattern. Using biochemical assays, computer-aided docking/molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorescence microscopy, we found that RSV can operate as a direct inhibitor of glyco-PD-L1-processing enzymes (α-glucosidase/α-mannosidase) that modulate N-linked glycan decoration of PD-L1, thereby promoting the endoplasmic reticulum retention of a mannose-rich, abnormally glycosylated form of PD-L1. RSV was also predicted to interact with the inner surface of PD-L1 involved in the interaction with PD-1, almost perfectly occupying the target space of the small compound BMS-202 that binds to and induces dimerization of PD-L1. The ability of RSV to directly target PD-L1 interferes with its stability and trafficking, ultimately impeding its targeting to the cancer cell plasma membrane. Impedance-based real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) showed that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was notably exacerbated when cancer cells were previously exposed to RSV. This unforeseen immunomodulating mechanism of RSV might illuminate new approaches to restore T-cell function by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immunologic checkpoint with natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Eric Cortada
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.,Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Elche, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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59
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Han L, Yao S, Cao S, Mo G, Li J, Cao Y, Huang F. Triterpenoid Saponins from Anemone flaccida Suppress Tumor Cell Proliferation by Regulating MAPK, PD1/PDL1, and STAT3 Signaling Pathways and Altering Cancer Metabolism. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10917-10930. [PMID: 31849495 PMCID: PMC6913295 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s212666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Natural triterpenoid saponins isolated from Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt have exhibited anti-cancer properties and exerted remarkable inhibitory effects on tumor growth. Herein, we investigated the potential mechanism involved in the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by triterpenoid saponins in a mouse model. Methods An HCC model was established in H22 tumor-bearing mice and triterpenoid saponins were administered at various doses. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot were performed to analyze the effect of triterpenoid saponins on immune response in tumor tissues. Metabolomic analysis was carried out to assess the metabolites involved in mediating the effect of triterpenoid saponins on tumor tissues. Results Triterpenoid saponins induced anti-tumor immune response by decreasing the number of Treg cells, increasing that of B cells, natural killer cells, and CD3+/CD28+ T cells, and reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors including nuclear factor-κB, cyclooxygenase-2, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. In addition, triterpenoid saponins inhibited tumor growth and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells by blocking the activation of PD1/PD-L1, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, triterpenoid saponins regulated tumor immune response by upregulating a number of metabolites (including 1,3-diaminopropane, lauric acid, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid 2, and ribitol) and modulating the metabolism of histidine, arginine, proline, beta-alanine, glycine, serine, and threonine. Conclusion The findings suggested that triterpenoid saponins interfered with multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and tumor metabolism and have potential applications in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Han
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Prescription, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, People's Republic of China
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60
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Jin T, Wang C, Tian Y, Dai C, Zhu Y, Xu F. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming: An important player in liver cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2019; 470:197-203. [PMID: 31783085 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are known as essential biosynthetic, bioenergetic and signaling organelles, and play a critical role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and death. Nowadays, cancer is emergingly considered as a mitochondrial metabolic disease. Mitochondria also play an essential role in liver carcinogenesis. Liver cells are highly regenerative and require high energy. For that reason, a large number of mitochondria are present and functional in liver cells. Abnormalities in mitochondrial metabolism in human liver are known to be one of the carcinogenic factors. Interestingly, immune checkpoints regulate mitochondrial metabolic energetics of the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, as well as the tumor-specific immune response. This regulation forms a positive loop between the metabolic reprogramming of both cancer cells and immune cells. In this review, we discuss the evidence and mechanisms that mitochondria interplay with immune checkpoints to influence different steps of oncogenesis, as well as the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqiang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China; Department of Surgery, Northeast International Hospital, Shenyang, 110623, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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61
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Su W, Shi J, Zhao Y, Yan F, Lei L, Li H. Porphyromonas gingivalis triggers inflammatory responses in periodontal ligament cells by succinate-succinate dehydrogenase-HIF-1α axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:184-190. [PMID: 31757417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis and sepsis. Whether metabolic reprogramming participates in the progression of bacteriogenic periodontitis has never been reported. In the present study, we explored metabolic changes in periodontal ligament cells (PDLSCs) in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. (P. gingivalis)-infected PDLSCs showed distinct metabolomics with metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In addition, bacteria invasion triggered fundamental changes in glycolysis and tricarboxylate acid (TCA) cycle-related genes, such as the hexokinase (HK), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Moreover, P. gingivalis-infected PDLSCs showed accumulation of succinate, elevation in succinate dehydrogenase activity, pileup of reactive oxygen species and activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway. HIF-1α and succinate inhibitors, as well as SDH knockdown alleviated proinflammatory cytokine expression in P. gingivalis-infected PDLSCs. Therefore, targeting metabolic reprogramming by regulating the succinate-SDH-HIF-1α axis may facilitate host modulation therapy of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Su
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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62
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Gevaert AB, Adams V, Bahls M, Bowen TS, Cornelissen V, Dörr M, Hansen D, Kemps HM, Leeson P, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Kränkel N. Towards a personalised approach in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation: How can translational research help? A 'call to action' from the Section on Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:1369-1385. [PMID: 31581819 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319877716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of regular physical activity and exercise training for the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is undisputed. Many molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects have been deciphered. Personalised exercise prescription can help patients in achieving their individual greatest benefit from an exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. Yet, we still struggle to provide truly personalised exercise prescriptions to our patients. In this position paper, we address novel basic and translational research concepts that can help us understand the principles underlying the inter-individual differences in the response to exercise, and identify early on who would most likely benefit from which exercise intervention. This includes hereditary, non-hereditary and sex-specific concepts. Recent insights have helped us to take on a more holistic view, integrating exercise-mediated molecular mechanisms with those influenced by metabolism and immunity. Unfortunately, while the outline is recognisable, many details are still lacking to turn the understanding of a concept into a roadmap ready to be used in clinical routine. This position paper therefore also investigates perspectives on how the advent of 'big data' and the use of animal models could help unravel inter-individual responses to exercise parameters and thus influence hypothesis-building for translational research in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Belgium
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Belgium.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Hareld Mc Kemps
- Fitheid, Leefstijl, Ontwikkeling en Wetenschap (FLOW), Máxima Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Belgium
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany
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63
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Burgos-Panadero R, Lucantoni F, Gamero-Sandemetrio E, Cruz-Merino LDL, Álvaro T, Noguera R. The tumour microenvironment as an integrated framework to understand cancer biology. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:112-122. [PMID: 31325528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells all share the feature of being immersed in a complex environment with altered cell-cell/cell-extracellular element communication, physicochemical information, and tissue functions. The so-called tumour microenvironment (TME) is becoming recognised as a key factor in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. Beyond genetic mutations, the existence of a malignant microenvironment forms the basis for a new perspective in cancer biology where connections at the system level are fundamental. From this standpoint, different aspects of tumour lesions such as morphology, aggressiveness, prognosis and treatment response can be considered under an integrated vision, giving rise to a new field of study and clinical management. Nowadays, somatic mutation theory is complemented with study of TME components such as the extracellular matrix, immune compartment, stromal cells, metabolism and biophysical forces. In this review we examine recent studies in this area and complement them with our own research data to propose a classification of stromal changes. Exploring these avenues and gaining insight into malignant phenotype remodelling, could reveal better ways to characterize this disease and its potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Burgos-Panadero
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Lucantoni
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Gamero-Sandemetrio
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Álvaro
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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64
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Lorenzo-Herrero S, Sordo-Bahamonde C, González S, López-Soto A. Immunosurveillance of cancer cell stress. Cell Stress 2019; 3:295-309. [PMID: 31535086 PMCID: PMC6732214 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is tightly controlled by effector immune responses that recognize and eliminate malignantly transformed cells. Nonetheless, certain immune subsets, such as tumor-associated macrophages, have been described to promote tumor growth, unraveling a double-edge role of the immune system in cancer. Cell stress can modulate the crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells, reshaping tumor immunogenicity and/or immune function and phenotype. Infiltrating immune cells are exposed to the challenging conditions typically present in the tumor microenvironment. In return, the myriad of signaling pathways activated in response to stress conditions may tip the balance toward stimulation of antitumor responses or immune-mediated tumor progression. Here, we explore how distinct situations of cellular stress influence innate and adaptive immunity and the consequent impact on cancer establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Segundo González
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Soto
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Inmunología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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65
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Verdura S, Cuyàs E, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Metformin as an archetype immuno-metabolic adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1633235. [PMID: 31646077 PMCID: PMC6791450 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1633235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a single immuno-metabolic adjuvant capable of modulating, in the appropriate direction and intensity, the complex antagonistic and symbiotic interplays between tumor cells, immune cells, and the gut microbiota may appear pharmacologically implausible. Metformin might help solve this conundrum and beneficially impact the state of cancer-immune system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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66
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Sillo TO, Beggs AD, Morton DG, Middleton G. Mechanisms of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2019; 106:1283-1297. [PMID: 31216061 PMCID: PMC6772007 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The immune response in cancer is increasingly understood to be important in determining clinical outcomes, including responses to cancer therapies. New insights into the mechanisms underpinning the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer are helping to develop the role of immunotherapy and suggest targeted approaches to the management of colorectal cancer at all disease stages. Method A literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant articles. This narrative review discusses the current understanding of the contributors to immunogenicity in colorectal cancer and potential applications for targeted therapies. Results Responsiveness to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer is non-uniform. Several factors, both germline and tumour-related, are potential determinants of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer. Current approaches target tumours with high immunogenicity driven by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Recent work suggests a role for therapies that boost the immune response in tumours with low immunogenicity. Conclusion With the development of promising therapies to boost the innate immune response, there is significant potential for the expansion of the role of immunotherapy as an adjuvant to surgical treatment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Sillo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D G Morton
- Academic Department of Surgery, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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67
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Wei X, Mao T, Li S, He J, Hou X, Li H, Zhan M, Yang X, Li R, Xiao J, Yuan S, Sun L. DT-13 inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer via glycolytic metabolism and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:120-131. [PMID: 30668361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging hallmark of cancer is reprogrammed cellular metabolism, increased glycolytic metabolism is physiological characteristic of human malignant neoplasms. Saponin monomer 13 of the dwarf lilyturf tuber (DT-13) is the main steroidal saponin from Liriopes Radix, which has been reported to exert anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activities but low toxicity to normal tissue. However, the effect of DT-13 on metabolism process is still unclear. PURPOSE This study aims to characterize the role of DT-13 in glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer cells, and investigate whether the metabolism process is involved in the anti-cancer response of DT-13. METHODS Colony formation assay was employed to determine anti-proliferative effect induced by DT-13 at 2.5, 5, 10 μM. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were detected by Annexin V/PI staining and PI staining, respectively. Genetic inhibition of glycolytic metabolism was carried out by knockdown of GLUT1. Orthotopic implantation mouse model of colorectal cancer was used to assess in vivo antitumor effect of DT-13 (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/kg). The chemoprevention effect of DT-13 (10mg/kg) was evaluated by using C57BL/6J APCmin mice model. Glycolytic-related key enzymes and AMPK pathway were detected by using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Our results showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by DT-13 in a dose-dependent manner. DT-13 inhibited glucose uptake, ATP generation, and reduced lactate production. Furthermore, DT-13 remarkably inhibited GLUT1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. Knocking down of GLUT1 led to reduced inhibition of glucose uptake after DT-13 treatment. Moreover, deletion of GLUT1 decreased inhibitory ratio of DT-13 on cancer growth. Orthotopic implantation mouse model of colorectal cancer further confirmed that DT-13 inhibited colorectal cancer growth via blocking GLUT1 in vivo. In addition, C57BL/6J APCmin mice model revealed that DT-13 dramatically reduced the total number of spontaneous adenomas in intestinal, which further confirmed the anti-tumor activity of DT-13 in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the mechanistically investigation showed DT-13 activated AMPK and inhibited m-TOR to block cancer growth in vitro. CONCLUSION DT-13 is a potent anticancer agent for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tingting Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijing Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyong He
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiming Li
- Tasly Research Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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68
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Spugnini EP, Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Fais S. A Role of Tumor-Released Exosomes in Paracrine Dissemination and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3968. [PMID: 30544664 PMCID: PMC6321583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic diffusion is thought to be a multi-step phenomenon involving the release of cells from the primary tumor and their diffusion through the body. Currently, several hypotheses have been put forward in order to explain the origin of cancer metastasis, including epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition, mutagenesis of stem cells, and a facilitating role of macrophages, involving, for example, transformation or fusion hybridization with neoplastic cells. In this paradigm, tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, play a pivotal role in cell communications, delivering a plethora of biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For their natural role in shuttling molecules, EVs have been newly considered a part of the metastatic cascade. They have a prominent role in preparing the so-called "tumor niches" in target organs. However, recent evidence has pointed out an even more interesting role of tumor EVs, consisting in their ability to induce malignant transformation in resident mesenchymal stem cells. All in all, in this review, we discuss the multiple involvements of EVs in the metastatic cascade, and how we can exploit and manipulate EVs in order to reduce the metastatic spread of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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69
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Wang L, Yang X, Li D, Liang Z, Chen Y, Ma G, Wang Y, Li Y, Liang Y, Niu H. The elevated glutaminolysis of bladder cancer and T cells in a simulated tumor microenvironment contributes to the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression by interferon-γ. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7229-7243. [PMID: 30425515 PMCID: PMC6203092 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming occurs in the tumor microenvironment and influences the survival and function of tumor and immune cells. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) produced by T cells up-regulates PD-L1 expression in tumors. However, reports regarding the relationship between nutrient metabolism and the up-regulation of PD-L1 expression are lacking. Materials and methods In this paper, we analyzed the metabolic changes in T cells and bladder cancer cells in a simulated tumor microenvironment to provide evidence regarding their relevance to PD-L1 up-regulation. Results The glutaminolysis was increased in both activated T cells and glucose-deprived T cells. IFN-γ production by T cells was decreased in a glucose-free medium and severely decreased when cells were simultaneously deprived of glutamine. Furthermore, the glutaminolysis of the bladder cancer cells under glucose deprivation exhibited a compensatory elevation. The glucose concentration of T cells co-cultured with bladder cancer cells was decreased and T cell proliferation was reduced, but IFN-γ production and glutaminolysis were increased. However, in bladder cancer cells, the elevation in glutaminolysis under co-culture conditions did not compensate for glucose deprivation because the glucose concentration in the culture medium did not significantly differ between the cultures with and without T cells. Our data also show that inhibiting glutamine metabolism in bladder cancer cells could reduce the elevation in PD-L1 expression induced by IFN-γ. Conclusion In a simulated tumor microenvironment, elevated glutaminolysis may play an essential role in IFN-γ production by T cells, ultimately improving the high PD-L1 expression, and also directly contributing to producing more PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China,
| | - Haitao Niu
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, .,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China, ;
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70
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy approaches have emerged as novel treatment regimens against cancer. A particularly interesting avenue is the concept of in situ vaccination, where immunostimulatory agents are introduced into an identified tumor to overcome local immunosuppression and, if successful, mount systemic antitumor immunity. We had previously shown that nanoparticles from cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) are highly potent in inducing long-lasting antitumor immunity when used as an in situ vaccine in various tumor mouse models. Here we asked whether the nanoparticles from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) could also be applied as an in situ vaccine and, if so, whether efficacy or mechanism of immune-activation would be affected by the nanoparticle size (300 × 18 nm native TMV vs 50 × 18 nm short TMV nanorods), shape (nanorods vs spherical TMV, termed SNP), or state of assembly (assembled TMV rod vs free coat protein, CP). Our studies indicate that CPMV, but less so TMV, elicits potent antitumor immunity after intratumoral treatment of dermal melanoma (B16F10 using C57BL/6 mice). TMV and TMVshort slowed tumor growth and increased survival time, however, at significantly lower potency compared to that of CPMV. There were no apparent differences between TMV, TMVshort, or the SNP indicating that the aspect ratio does not necessarily play a role in plant viral in situ vaccines. The free CPs did not elicit an antitumor response or immunostimulation, which may indicate that a multivalent assembly is required to trigger an innate immune recognition and activation. Differential potency of CPMV vs TMV can be explained with differences in immune-activation: data indicate that CPMV stimulates an antitumor response through recruitment of monocytes into the tumor microenvironment (TME), establishing signaling through the IFN-γ pathway, which also leads to recruitment of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils (TINs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, the priming of the innate immune system also mounts an adaptive response with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment and establishment of effector memory cells. While the TMV treatment also lead to the recruitment of innate immune cells as well as T cells (although to a lesser degree), key differences were noted in cyto/chemokine profiling with TMV inducing a potent immune response early on characterized by strong pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6. Together, data indicate that some plant viral nanotechnology platforms are more suitable for application as in situ vaccines than others; understanding the intricate differences and underlying mechanism of immune-activation may set the stage for clinical development of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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71
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Sikes KJ, Li J, Shen Q, Gao SG, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. TGF-b1 or hypoxia enhance glucose metabolism and lactate production via HIF1A signaling in tendon cells. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:458-471. [PMID: 29447016 PMCID: PMC6175639 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the study: Healthy tendons are maintained in homeostasis through controlled usage of glucose for energy and redox equilibrium. Tendon cell stress imposed by overuse injury or vascular insufficiency is accompanied by activation of wound healing pathways which facilitate an adaptive response and the restoration of homeostasis. To understand this response at the gene expression level we have studied the in vivo effects of injected TGF-β1 in a murine model of tendinopathy, as well as treatment of murine tendon explants with either TGF-β1 or hypoxia in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS We provide evidence (from expression patterns and immunohistochemistry) that both in vivo and in vitro, the stress response in tendon cells may be metabolically controlled in part by glycolytic reprogramming. A major feature of the response to TGF-β1 or hypoxia is activation of the Warburg pathway which generates lactate from glucose under normoxia and thereby inhibits mitochondrial energy production. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the likely outcome of this major metabolic shift in terms of the potential benefits and damage to tendon and suggest how incorporation of this metabolic response into our understanding of initiation and progression of tendinopathies may offer new opportunities for diagnosis and the monitoring of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Sikes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Vincent M Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 339 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street MC 0298, Blacksburg, VA, 24061,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607
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72
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Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Hussain SM, Ahmad M, Nageen B, Jabeen F, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Malic enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic drug target for cancer. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1076-1083. [PMID: 30160039 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolic profile is a biochemical fingerprint of cancerous cells, which represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer." The aberrant expression pattern of enzymatic machineries orchestrates metabolic activities into a platform that ultimately promotes cellular growth, survival, and proliferation. The NADP(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2) has been widely appreciated due to its function as a provider of pyruvate and reducing power to the cell for biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides along with maintenance of redox balance. Multiple lines of evidences have indicated that ME2 is a bonafide therapeutic target and novel biomarker which plays critical role during tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the cancer-specific role of ME2 in order to explore its potential for therapeutic opportunities. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of ME2 in the light of previous research work for therapeutic advancements in cancer treatment. It is contemplated that additional investigations should focus on the use of ME2 inhibitors in combinational therapies as rational combinations of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapy may have the ability to cure cancer. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1076-1083, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Schafer JR, Salzillo TC, Chakravarti N, Kararoudi MN, Trikha P, Foltz JA, Wang R, Li S, Lee DA. Education-dependent activation of glycolysis promotes the cytolytic potency of licensed human natural killer cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:346-358.e6. [PMID: 30096390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which natural killer (NK) cell education results in licensed NK cells with heightened effector function against missing self-targets is not known. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify potential mechanisms of enhanced function in licensed human NK cells. METHODS We used expanded human NK cells from killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/HLA-genotyped donors sorted for single-KIR+ cells to generate pure populations of licensed and unlicensed NK cells. We performed proteomic and gene expression analysis of these cells before and after receptor cross-linking and performed functional and metabolic analysis before and after interference with selected metabolic pathways. We verified key findings using freshly isolated and sorted NK cells from peripheral blood. RESULTS We confirmed that licensed human NK cells are greater in number in peripheral blood and proliferate more in vitro than unlicensed NK cells. Using high-throughput protein analysis, we found that unstimulated licensed NK cells have increased expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 and after KIR cross-linking have increased phosphorylation of the metabolic modulators p38-α and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α. After cytokine expansion and activation, unlicensed NK cells depended solely on mitochondrial respiration for cytolytic function, whereas licensed NK cells demonstrated metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent glutaminolysis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic metabolites and depletion of glutamate. As such, blocking both glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent respiration was required to suppress the cytotoxicity of licensed NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data support an arming model of education in which enhanced glycolysis in licensed NK cells supports proliferative and cytotoxic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie R Schafer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Cancer Systems Imaging Houston, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Nitin Chakravarti
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shulin Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Dean A Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Suman S, Sharma RK, Kumar V, Sinha N, Shukla Y. Metabolic fingerprinting in breast cancer stages through 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis of plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:38-45. [PMID: 30059813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide, which is indeed associated with metabolic reprogramming. However, BC is a very complex and heterogeneous disease, which can relate with the changes in metabolic profiles during BC progression. Hence, investigating the metabolic alterations during BC stage progression may reveal the deregulated pathways and useful metabolic signatures of BC. To demonstrate the metabolic insights, we opted 1H NMR spectroscopy based metabolomics of blood plasma of early and late stage BC (N = 72) with age and gender matched healthy subjects (N = 50). Further, the metabolic profiles were analyzed to delineate the potential signatures of BC by performing multivariate and nonparametric statistical analysis in early and late stages of BC in comparison with healthy subjects. Sixteen metabolites levels were differentially changed (p < 0.05) in the early and late stages of BC from healthy subjects. Among them, the levels of hydroxybutyrate, lysine, glutamate, glucose, N-acetyl glycoprotein, Lactate were highly distinguished in BC stages and showed a good biomarker potential using receiver-operating curves based diagnostic models. Furthermore, the significant modulation and good diagnostic performances of glutamate, N-acetyl glycoprotein and Lactate in LBC as compared to EBC give their significance in the BC progression. In general, our observations demonstrate that these panels of metabolites may act as vital component of the metabolism of early to late stage BC progression. Our results also open new avenue towards early and late stage BC diagnosis and intervention implying metabolomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, 31 Vishvigyan Bhawan, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box 80, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-campus, Raibareilly Road, Lucknow, U.P., 226014, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Center of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-campus, Raibareilly Road, Lucknow, U.P., 226014, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, 31 Vishvigyan Bhawan, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Post Box 80, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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Abstract
Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the development of powerful imaging tools that are still used in the clinics, it is now clear that mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis. Besides exerting central bioenergetic functions, mitochondria provide indeed building blocks for tumor anabolism, control redox and calcium homeostasis, participate in transcriptional regulation, and govern cell death. Thus, mitochondria constitute promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. However, tumors arise, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system, and many immunological functions rely on intact mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Pallet N, Fernández-Ramos AA, Loriot MA. Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Metabolism of T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:169-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review aims to provide an update on the recent biomedical interest in oncogenic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, and discusses the advantages of using BCAAs and expression of BCAA-related enzymes in the treatment and diagnosis of cancers. RECENT FINDINGS An accumulating body of evidence demonstrates that BCAAs are essential nutrients for cancer growth and are used by tumors in various biosynthetic pathways and as a source of energy. In addition, BCAA metabolic enzymes, such as the cytosolic branched-chain aminotransferase 1 (BCAT1) and mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase 2, have emerged as useful prognostic cancer markers. BCAT1 expression commonly correlates with more aggressive cancer growth and progression, and has attracted substantial scientific attention in the past few years. These studies have found the consequences of BCAT1 disruption to be heterogeneous; not all cancers share the same requirements for BCAA metabolites and the function of BCAT1 appears to vary between cancer types. SUMMARY Both oncogenic mutations and cancer tissue-of-origin influence BCAA metabolism and expression of BCAA-associated metabolic enzymes. These new discoveries need to be taken into consideration during the development of new cancer therapies that target BCAA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa A. Ananieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Adam C. Wilkinson
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, Stanford, California, USA
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