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Suman JM, Kuga MC, Da Rosa RA, Santini MF, Grazziotin-Soares R, Montagner F, Só MVR. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine after final irrigation with ethanol: CLSM and culture-based method analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:682-7. [PMID: 26138134 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 95% ethanol on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorexidine (CHX) over monospecies biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis) through a culture-based method, and over multispecies biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For monospecies model, E. faecalis biofilm was induced in 40 root canals. The irrigation procedures were: S-saline solution; S/CHX-saline solution + CHX; E-ethanol; and E/CHX-ethanol + CHX. Microbial sampling was performed at three periods: before (S1), immediately after (S2), and 72 h after the final flush (S3). For multispecies biofilm model, 28 sterilized bovine dentin blocks were fixed on a removable orthodontic device to allow intraoral biofilm development. Seven samples were used in each group. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test for multiple comparisons. There was a significant reduction in CFUs count immediately after the final flush (S2) in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). However, only S/CHX, E and E/CHX groups had CFU counts close to zero, without differences among them (P > 0.05). After 72h (S3), the S/CHX and E/CHX groups had CFU counts near zero (P > 0.05). The CFU count increased in S3 for S and E groups (P < 0.05). CLSM showed that the percentages of remaining live cells were similar in S/CHX, E, and E/CHX groups (P > 0.05). The S group had the highest percentage of live cells (P < 0.05). The 95% ethanol did not interfere in the antibacterial properties of 2% CHX over mono- and multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Martins Suman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuela Favarin Santini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Grazziotin-Soares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus ViníCius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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The effect of benzalkonium chloride additions to AH Plus sealer. Antimicrobial, physical and chemical properties. J Dent 2015; 43:846-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Böttcher DE, Sehnem NT, Montagner F, Fatturi Parolo CC, Grecca FS. Evaluation of the Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm on the 2% Chlorhexidine Substantivity: An In Vitro Study. J Endod 2015; 41:1364-70. [PMID: 26025346 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to correlate the bacterial viability and the presence of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on dentin by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography for 48 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. METHODS One hundred twenty-three extracted human teeth were used. Samples were divided into 4 groups according to the solution (CHX or saline) and the presence of Enterococus faecalis biofilm. Samples were kept in contact with 5 mL of the solution for 5 minutes. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the evaluation period (n = 10). Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05), and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (P < .01). RESULTS There was a negative correlation between the percentage of live cells and the amount of remaining CHX (P = .000). CHX significantly reduced the percentage of viable cells compared with saline after 48 hours (P = .007). Differences were maintained in the 7-day evaluation period (P = .001). After 30 days, the CHX group presented an increase of viable cells, thereby becoming similar to saline (P = .623). Simultaneously, the remaining CHX was significantly reduced in the 30-day specimens (P = .000). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that 2% CHX solution was detected for 48 hours and 7 days with a low percentage of viable cells. The presence of microorganisms on human dentin did not affect 2% CHX maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Elisabeth Böttcher
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nicole T Sehnem
- Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), School of Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi Parolo
- Social and Preventive Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, GarcÍa-godoy F, Moldauer BI, Minotti PG, TercíLIA Grizzo L, Duarte MAH. The effect of radiopacifiers agents on pH, calcium release, radiopacity, and antimicrobial properties of different calcium hydroxide dressings. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:620-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clovis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Franklin GarcÍa-godoy
- Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis Tennessee
| | | | | | - Larissa TercíLIA Grizzo
- Department of Biological Science; Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Dental School of Bauru; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Del Carpio-Perochena A, Bramante CM, Duarte MAH, de Moura MR, Aouada FA, Kishen A. Chelating and antibacterial properties of chitosan nanoparticles on dentin. Restor Dent Endod 2015; 40:195-201. [PMID: 26295022 PMCID: PMC4534723 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2015.40.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in endodontics is of interest due to their antibiofilm properties. This study was to investigate the ability of bioactive CNPs to remove the smear layer and inhibit bacterial recolonization on dentin. Materials and Methods One hundred bovine dentin sections were divided into five groups (n = 20 per group) according to the treatment. The irrigating solutions used were 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 20 min, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 min and 1.29 mg/mL CNPs for 3 min. The samples were irrigated with either distilled water (control), NaOCl, NaOCl-EDTA, NaOCl-EDTA-CNPs or NaOCl-CNPs. After the treatment, half of the samples (n = 50) were used to assess the chelating effect of the solutions using portable scanning electronic microscopy, while the other half (n = 50) were infected intra-orally to examine the post-treatment bacterial biofilm forming capacity. The biovolume and cellular viability of the biofilms were analysed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The Kappa test was performed for examiner calibration, and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05) were used for comparisons among the groups. Results The smear layer was significantly reduced in all of the groups except the control and NaOCl groups (p < 0.05). The CNPs-treated samples were able to resist biofilm formation significantly better than other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions CNPs could be used as a final irrigant during root canal treatment with the dual benefit of removing the smear layer and inhibiting bacterial recolonization on root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Del Carpio-Perochena
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina de Moura
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, FEIS, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira-São Paulo, Brazil. ; National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture, Embrapa, São Carlos-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fauze Ahmad Aouada
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, FEIS, São Paulo State University, Ilha Solteira-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anil Kishen
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Photoactivation of curcumin and sodium hypochlorite to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in root canal dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Arias-Moliz MT, Ordinola-Zapata R, Baca P, Ruiz-Linares M, García García E, Hungaro Duarte MA, Monteiro Bramante C, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antimicrobial activity of Chlorhexidine, Peracetic acid and Sodium hypochlorite/etidronate irrigant solutions againstEnterococcus faecalisbiofilms. Int Endod J 2015; 48:1188-93. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - R. Ordinola-Zapata
- Department of Endodontics; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - P. Baca
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - E. García García
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. A. Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Endodontics; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - C. Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Endodontics; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - C. M. Ferrer-Luque
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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van der Sluis L, Boutsioukis C, Jiang LM, Macedo R, Verhaagen B, Versluis M. Root Canal Irrigation. SPRINGER SERIES ON BIOFILMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47415-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arias-Moliz MT, Ordinola-Zapata R, Baca P, Ruiz-Linares M, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antimicrobial Activity of a Sodium Hypochlorite/Etidronic Acid Irrigant Solution. J Endod 2014; 40:1999-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nascimento CA, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria-Junior NB, Faria G, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Antimicrobial activity of root canal irrigants associated with cetrimide against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:603-607. [PMID: 25707833 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) alone or associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX against biofilm and planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [American type culture collection (ATCC) 29212]. MATERIALS AND METHODS The solutions 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR, 2% CHX, 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR, 0.2% CTR, and QMiX were evaluated. E. faecalis biofilms were induced for 14 days on bovine dentin blocks. The irrigants were evaluated after contact with E. faecalis suspension and biofilm for 1 and 3 minutes. After that, serial decimal dilutions were made and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and the colony-forming unit (CFU) 1 ml was determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance. RESULTS All microorganisms were eliminated by direct contact of the irrigants with planktonic cells. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR were able to completely eliminate the microorganisms by direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm. CHX presented effectiveness similar to CHX + CTR CTR, and QMiX after 1 minute of contact and similar to NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR after 3 minutes (p > 0.05), but was unable to completely eliminate the microorganisms. CTR and QMiX did not differ from each other. CONCLUSION CTR addition to CHX and NaOCl solutions did not improve the antimicrobial activity against biofilm. All evaluated irrigants and associations presented activity against planktonic E. faecalis. Only NaOCl and NaOCl + CTR eliminated biofilm after 1 and 3 minutes of direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Almeida Nascimento
- MSc Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara São Paulo, Brazil, e-mail:
| | - Norberto Batista Faria-Junior
- PhD Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent can bind to metals via four carboxylate and two amine groups. It is a polyamino carboxylic acid and a colorless, water-soluble solid, which is widely used to dissolve lime scale. It is produced as several salts, notably disodium EDTA and calcium disodium EDTA. EDTA reacts with the calcium ions in dentine and forms soluble calcium chelates. A review of the literature and a discussion of the different indications and considerations for its usage are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sousan Shalavi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Nascimento CA, Faria-Júnior NB, Graeff MSZ, Watanabe E, Tanomaru-Filho M. Antibiofilm activity of irrigating solutions associated with cetrimide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int Endod J 2014; 47:1058-63. [PMID: 24433253 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) solutions associated with cetrimide (CTR), and QMiX using confocal laser scanning microscopy. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC- 29212) biofilms were induced on bovine dentine blocks for 14 days. The dentine blocks containing biofilm were immersed for 1 min in the following solutions: 2.5% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR; 2% CHX; 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR; 0.2% CTR; QMiX. After contact with the solutions, the dentine blocks were stained with Live/Dead(®) BacLight for analysis of the remaining biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscope. Images were evaluated using the BioImage_L software to determine the total biovolume (μm(3) ), the green biovolume (live cells) (μm(3) ) and the percentage of substrate coverage (%). The data were subjected to nonparametric statistical test using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level. RESULTS After exposure to irrigants, the total biovolume observed for CHX, CHX+CTR, CTR, QMiX was similar to distilled water (P > 0.05). NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR had the lowest total and green biovolume. The CTR and QMiX had intermediate green biovolume, with greater antibacterial activity than CHX and CHX+CTR (P < 0.05). The NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were associated with microorganism removal and substrate cleaning ability. CONCLUSIONS NaOCl and NaOCl+CTR solutions were effective on microorganism viability and were able to eliminate biofilm. The addition of cetrimide did not influence antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP (Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Siqueira JF, Alves FR, Versiani MA, Rôças IN, Almeida BM, Neves MA, Sousa-Neto MD. Correlative Bacteriologic and Micro–Computed Tomographic Analysis of Mandibular Molar Mesial Canals Prepared by Self-Adjusting File, Reciproc, and Twisted File Systems. J Endod 2013; 39:1044-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sahar-Helft S, Stabholtz A, Moshonov J, Gutkin V, Redenski I, Steinberg D. Effect of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation solution on Enterococcus Faecalis biofilm in an ex-vivo root canal model. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:334-41. [PMID: 23763481 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mineral content and surface morphology of root canals coated with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm after treatment with several endodontic irrigation solutions, with and without Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI). BACKGROUND DATA LAI has been introduced as a powerful method for root canal irrigation resulting in smear-layer removal from the root canal wall. METHODS Distal and palatal roots from 60 freshly extracted human molars were used in this study. The coronal of each tooth was removed. Roots were split longitudinally and placed in an ultrasonic bath to remove the smear layer, creating conditions for the formation of E. faecalis biofilm. After incubation, the two halves were reassembled in impression material to simulate clinical conditions. Specimens were divided into two main groups: roots rinsed with irrigation solutions and roots subjected to laser irradiation combined with irrigation solutions. Solutions tested were 2% chlorhexidine and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and saline. RESULTS Surface morphology: 17% EDTA irrigant solution combined with Er:YAG laser showed the best results for removing bacteria from the root canal walls. Chemical analysis: all samples treated with combined laser irradiation and irrigation solution had low surface levels of Ca compared with samples treated with irrigation alone. The Ca/P ratio was highest in the laser-EDTA group. Overall, mineral changes caused by laser with irrigation solutions were minimal, and statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS In vitro irrigation solutions, combined with Er:YAG laser irradiation, were effective in removing E. faecalis biofilm from root canal walls. Irrigation solutions without laser irradiation were less effective, leaving a layer of biofilm on the dentin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonit Sahar-Helft
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Alves FRF, Neves MAS, Silva MG, Rocas IN, Siqueira Jr. JF. Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:224-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of farnesol and xylitol in a series of experiments in order to evaluate their potential use as root canal irrigants. The following substances were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% and 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol plus 20% xylitol; and saline (control). For comparison with an established endodontic irrigant, 2.5% NaOCl was included in each test. Three experiments were conducted: the crystal violet assay, to evaluate the effects on the biofilm biomass; the dentin disinfection test, to evaluate the effects on bacterial viability in biofilms; and the root canal disinfection test, to simulate the use in the root canal environment. Farnesol was the most effective substance in reducing the biofilm biomass, followed by 20% xylitol. All substances affected bacterial viability in biofilms; farnesol showed the best results followed by the farnesol/xylitol combination. Irrigation with all substances significantly reduced the bacterial load (p<0.001), but only the farnesol/xylitol combination was significantly more effective than saline (p=0.02). NaOCl was more effective than any other substance tested in the three experiments (p<0.001). The findings demonstrated that farnesol affected both the biofilm biomass and the viability of cells in the biofilm, while 20% xylitol affected only the biofilm biomass. Although not more effective than NaOCl, the combination of these two antibiofilm substances has potential to be used in endodontics in certain situations.
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Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Garcia RB, de Andrade FB, Bernardineli N, de Moraes IG, Duarte MAH. The antimicrobial effect of new and conventional endodontic irrigants on intra-orally infected dentin. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:424-31. [PMID: 22607322 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.690531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate if the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds to chelating agents or the use of chelating agents with antimicrobial activity as 7% maleic acid and peracetic acid show similar disinfection ability in comparison to conventional irrigants as sodium hypochlorite or iodine potassium iodide against biofilms developed on dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total bio-volume of live cells, the ratio of live cells and the substratum coverage of dentin infected intra-orally and treated with the irrigant solutions: MTAD, Qmix, Smear Clear, 7% maleic acid, 2% iodine potassium iodide, 4% peracetic acid, 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was measured by using confocal microscopy and the live/dead technique. Five samples were used for each irrigant solution. RESULTS Several endodontic irrigants containing antimicrobials as clorhexidine (Qmix), cetrimide (Smear Clear), maleic acid, iodine compounds or antibiotics (MTAD) lacked an effective antibiofilm activity when the dentin was infected intra-orally. The irrigant solutions 4% peracetic acid and 2.5-5.25% sodium hypochlorite decrease significantly the number of live bacteria in biofilms, providing also cleaner dentin surfaces (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Several chelating agents containing antimicrobials could not remove nor kill significantly biofilms developed on intra-orally infected dentin, with the exception of sodium hypochlorite and 4% peracetic acid. Dissolution ability is mandatory for an appropriate eradication of biofilms attached to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
- Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, de Faria-Júnior NB, Duarte MAH, Ordinola-Zapata R, Graeff MSZ, Tanomaru-Filho M. Comparative Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Formation on Different Substrates. J Endod 2013; 39:346-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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68
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Aranda-Garcia AJ, Kuga MC, Vitorino KR, Chávez-Andrade GM, Duarte MAH, Bonetti-Filho I, Faria G, Só MVR. Effect of the root canal final rinse protocols on the debris and smear layer removal and on the push-out strength of an epoxy-based sealer. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:533-7. [PMID: 23440741 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of QMiX, SmearClear, and 17% EDTA for the debris and smear layer removal from the root canal and its effects on the push-out bond strength of an epoxy-based sealer by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty extracted human canines (n = 10) were assigned to the following final rinse protocols: G1-distilled water (control), G2-17% EDTA, G3-SmearClear, and G4-QMiX. The specimens were submitted to a SEM analysis to evaluate the presence of debris and smear layer, respectively, in the apical or cervical segments. In sequence, forty extracted human maxillary canines with the root canals instrumented were divided into four groups (n = 10) similar to the SEM analysis study. After the filling with AH Plus, the roots were transversally sectioned to obtain dentinal slices. The specimens were submitted to a push-out bond strength test using an electromechanical testing machine. The statistical analysis for the SEM and push-out bond strength studies were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%). There was no difference among the G2, G3, and G4 efficacy in removing the debris and smear layer (P > 0.05). The efficacy of these groups was superior to the control group. The push-out bond strength values of G2, G3, and G4 were superior to the control group. The ability to remove the debris and smear layer by SmearClear and QMiX was as effective as the 17% EDTA. The final rinse with these solutions promoted similar push-out bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Javier Aranda-Garcia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Minotti PG, Cavenago BC, Garcia RB, Bernardineli N, Jaramillo DE, Hungaro Duarte MA. Antimicrobial Activity of Triantibiotic Paste, 2% Chlorhexidine Gel, and Calcium Hydroxide on an Intraoral-infected Dentin Biofilm Model. J Endod 2013; 39:115-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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