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Sun M, Wang F, Feng P. Insulin-like growth factor-1 inhibits colonic smooth muscle cell apoptosis in diabetic rats with colonic dysmotility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 194-195:41-8. [PMID: 25450576 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular apoptosis and colonic dysmotility are involved in diabetes mellitus (DM) complications. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to affect apoptosis and proliferation. Here, we demonstrated that the treatment of 1500 ng/kg IGF-1 partly recovers the decrease of the muscle thickness, body weight and gastrointestinal transit rate in DM rats. The gastrointestinal transit rate is positively correlated with the IGF-I level, but negatively correlated with the level of colonic cellular apoptosis. The DM-induced colonic apoptosis is also attenuated by the IGF-1 stimulation. Moreover, IGF-1 inhibits the apoptosis of the isolated colonic SMCs in vitro via the activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Taken together, our data indicated that IGF-1 inhibits the DM-induced colonic SMC apoptosis and might be involved in the alleviation of colonic dysmotility in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Sun
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Tianjin Union Medicine Center & Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Fatima S, Al-Mohaimeed N, Arjumand S, Banu N, Al-Jameil N, Al-Shaikh Y. Effect of pre- and post-combined multidoses of epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:91-7. [PMID: 25382014 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 and epigallocatechin gallate was investigated in rats with acute renal injury induced by a single nephrotoxic dose of cisplatin. Two days prior to cisplatin administration, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 alone and in four different combinations were given for 6 days. The treatment with antioxidants significantly protected the cisplatin-induced increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Both the antioxidants alone or in different combinations significantly compensated the increased malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels. Moreover, the decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of selenium, zinc, and copper ions were significantly attenuated in renal tissue. In conclusion, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 are equally effective against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, whereas the intervention by combining these two antioxidants was found to be highly effective at low doses in attenuating oxidative stress in rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi, Arabia.
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53
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Reichardt SD, Weinhage T, Rotte A, Föller M, Oppermann M, Lühder F, Tuckermann JP, Lang F, van den Brandt J, Reichardt HM. Glucocorticoids induce gastroparesis in mice through depletion of l-arginine. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3899-908. [PMID: 25057793 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) constitute a highly pleiotropic class of drugs predominantly employed in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In our search for new mechanisms of action, we identified a hitherto unknown effect of GCs in the gastrointestinal tract. We found that oral administration of dexamethasone (Dex) to mice caused an enlargement of the stomach due to the induction of gastroparesis and that this effect was abolished in GR(dim) mice carrying the A458T mutation in the GC receptor (GR). Gastroparesis was unrelated to the enhanced gastric acid secretion observed after Dex treatment, although both effects were mediated by the same molecular mechanism of the GR. Using conditional GR-knockout mice, we could further rule out that GC effects on enterocytes or myeloid cells were involved in the induction of gastroparesis. In contrast, we found that Dex upregulated arginase 2 (Arg2) in the stomach both at the mRNA and protein level. This suggests that GC treatment leads to a depletion of l-arginine thereby impeding the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is required for gastric motility. We tested this hypothesis by supplementing the drinking water of the mice with exogenous l-arginine to compensate for the presumed shortage of this major substrate of NO synthases. Importantly, this measure completely prevented both the enlargement of the stomach and the induction of gastroparesis after Dex treatment. Our findings raise considerations of combining orally applied GCs with l-arginine to improve tolerability of GC treatment and provide a possible explanation for the antiemetic effects of GCs widely exploited in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille D Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (S.D.R., T.W., M.O., J.v.d.B., H.M.R.) and Department of Neuroimmunology (F.L.), Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, The Hertie Foundation and MPI for Experimental Medicine, University of Göttingen Medical School, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Physiology (A.R., M.F., F.L.), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; and Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology (J.P.T.), University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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54
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Kim JI, Choe MA. Effects of Antioxidant on Reduction of Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Induced by Cisplatin in Rats. J Korean Acad Nurs 2014; 44:371-80. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin il Kim
- Department of Nursing, Christian College of Nursing, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea · Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
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McQuade RM, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Anti-Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhoea: Current Treatments and Side-Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2014.57054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brabb T, Carbone L, Snyder J, Phillips N. Institutional animal care and use committee considerations for animal models of peripheral neuropathy. ILAR J 2014; 54:329-37. [PMID: 24615447 PMCID: PMC4383225 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilt045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain are debilitating, life-altering conditions that affect a significant proportion of the human population. Animal models, used to study basic disease mechanisms and treatment modalities, are diverse and provide many challenges for institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) review and postapproval monitoring. Items to consider include regulatory and ethical imperatives in animal models that may be designed to study pain, the basic mechanism of neurodegeneration, and different disease processes for which neuropathic pain is a side effect. Neuropathic pain can be difficult to detect or quantify in many models, and pain management is often unsuccessful in both humans and animals, inspiring the need for more research. Design of humane endpoints requires clear communication of potential adverse outcomes and solutions. Communication with the IACUC, researchers, and veterinary staff is also key for successful postapproval monitoring of these challenging models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Brabb
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thea Brabb, Box 357190, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 or email
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57
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Yang GS, Choe MA. [Effect of anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin on hindlimb muscles of rat]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2013; 43:361-9. [PMID: 23893226 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by cisplatin on hindlimb muscles of rats. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, a cisplatin-treated group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). In the cisplatin-treated group, cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally two times a week up to a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg over 5 weeks, and in the control group saline (0.9% NaCl) was injected intraperitoneally at the same dose and duration as the cisplatin-treated group. At 34 days all rats were anesthetized, after which the soleus and plantaris muscles were dissected. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the cisplatin-treated group showed significant decreases (p<.05) in withdrawal threshold, activity, food intake, body weight, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional areas, myofibrillar protein content and weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles. CONCLUSION Muscular atrophy in hindlimb occurs due to anorexia and neuropathic pain induced by the cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee Su Yang
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Abalo R, Cabezos PA, Vera G, López-Pérez AE, Martín MI. Cannabinoids may worsen gastric dysmotility induced by chronic cisplatin in the rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:373-82, e292. [PMID: 23594243 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cannabinoids have traditionally been used for the treatment and/or prevention of nausea and/or emesis, anorexia and weight loss induced by clinical use of antineoplastic drugs, their efficacy and safety in long-term treatments are still controversial. Our aim was to analyze the effects of the non-selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55 212-2 (WIN) on gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility and other adverse effects induced by repeated cisplatin administration in the rat. METHODS Male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneal injections once a week for 4 weeks: the first one was WIN, at non-psychoactive doses (0.5 or 1 mg kg(-1)), its vehicle or saline; the second one was cisplatin (2 mg kg(-1)) or saline. Radiographic techniques were used to determine the acute (after first dose), chronic (after last dose), and residual (1 week after treatment finalization) effects of cisplatin and/or WIN on GI motility. Bodyweight gain, food ingestion, and mechanical sensitivity were also tested. KEY RESULTS Weekly cisplatin induced mechanical allodynia, which WIN prevented, as well as weight gain reduction and anorexia, which WIN did not. Gastric emptying was dose-dependently delayed by cisplatin and this effect was enhanced upon chronic treatment. WIN aggravated cisplatin-induced gastric dysmotility. One week after treatment finalization, only minor alterations of GI motor function were found in rats treated with cisplatin, WIN or both. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES WIN weekly administered at low doses prevents neuropathy, but does not prevent anorexia or weight loss and aggravates gastric dysmotility induced by cisplatin. Cannabinoids should be handled with caution if chronically administered during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abalo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Wafai L, Taher M, Jovanovska V, Bornstein JC, Dass CR, Nurgali K. Effects of oxaliplatin on mouse myenteric neurons and colonic motility. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:30. [PMID: 23486839 PMCID: PMC3594784 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, commonly causes gastrointestinal side-effects such as constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Damage to enteric neurons may underlie some of these gastrointestinal side-effects, as the enteric nervous system (ENS) controls functions of the bowel. In this study, neuronal loss and changes to the structure and immunoreactivity of myenteric neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neurons were examined in colonic segments from mice following exposure to oxaliplatin ex vivo and following repeated intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin over 3 weeks in vivo, using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Significant morphological alterations and increases in the proportion of NOS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were associated with both short-term oxaliplatin exposure and long-term oxaliplatin administration, confirming that oxaliplatin causes changes to the myenteric neurons. Long-term oxaliplatin administration induced substantial neuronal loss that was correlated with a reduction in both the frequency and propagation speed of colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) in vitro. Similar changes probably produce some symptoms experienced by patients undergoing oxaliplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah Wafai
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Vera G, Cabezos PA, Martín MI, Abalo R. Characterization of cannabinoid-induced relief of neuropathic pain in a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 105:205-12. [PMID: 23454533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of antineoplastic drugs is associated with the development of numerous adverse effects that many patients find intolerable, including peripheral neuropathy. Cannabinoids have relieved neuropathic pain in different animal models. But their therapeutic activities could be affected by their psychoactive properties. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of cannabinoids in cisplatin-evoked neuropathy. For this purpose, the non-selective agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN), the CB1-selective agonist ACEA or the CB2-selective agonist JWH133 (or their vehicle) was either systemically administered at a non-psychoactive dose or locally injected in cisplatin-treated rats. Selective CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid antagonists (AM251 and SR144528, respectively) were used to characterize cannabinoid effects. Cisplatin-treated rats showed mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. Cannabinoid agonists alleviated mechanical allodynia. This effect was mediated by both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors when the cannabinoid was systemically applied. At the dose used, cannabinoid agonists had no psychoactive effect. The local effect of the drug involved the activation of peripheral CB1 receptors whereas involvement of CB2 receptors was less clear. In a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy, cannabinoids have an antinociceptive effect, but the cannabinoid receptors involved could be different depending on the route of administration. Non-psychoactive doses of cannabinoid agonists are capable of alleviating the signs of peripheral neuropathy when systemically applied. Interestingly, local administration of selective CB1 agonists or systemic administration of CB2 agonists, which are non-psychoactive, may serve as new therapeutic alternatives for symptom management in painful neuropathy associated with cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Departamento de Farmacología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos., Avda. de Atenas s/n., 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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